Characteristics of dipyridamol isolation from biological material

Acetone is proposed as an isolating agent for extraction of dipyridamolum from biological material. Optimal conditions of isolating dipyridamolum from human cadaveric liver tissue with acetone are determined and quantitative estimation of isolation results is provided.     

Characteristics of alphacypermethrin isolation from biological material

Methanol is proposed as an isolating agent for isolation of alphacypermethrin from biological material. Optimal conditions of isolating alphacipermetrin from human cadaveric liver tissue with methanol are determined and quantitative estimation of isolation results is provided.     

有机磷农药中毒的人体血液致死浓度探讨

对 4年间 6家医院所有门急诊有关敌敌畏、甲胺磷、乐果三种有机磷农药中毒病例进行了调查分析。运用气相色谱法对其血液中的浓度进行测定。采用 Bliss法,计算其死亡率和昏迷率的加权直线回归方程,并获得其经救治后血液半数致死浓度 LC50、半数致昏迷浓度 CC50。综合文献和临床实践,认为及时的救治对中毒病例的治疗转归有较大影响,其自然的血液半数致死浓度应在经救治的半数致死浓度 LC50和半数致昏述浓度之间。综合半数致死浓度和半数致昏迷浓度,计算其自然的半数致死浓度 LCe50值。     

三种羟亚胺分析方法的比较

目的建立羟亚胺及氯胺酮定性和定量分析方法。方法分别使用气相色谱质谱联用法(GC/MS)、液相色谱质谱联用法(LC/MS)和液相色谱紫外法(LC/UV)分析羟亚胺,考察各方法的特点及适用范围。结果采用GC/MS法分析时,进样口的高温会导致部分羟亚胺转化为氯胺酮。LC/MS及LC/UV分析则不存在干扰,羟亚胺和氯胺酮的线性范围分别为3.0～300 ng/mL(LC/MS)、0.02～1.00mg/mL(LC/UV);最低检测限分别为1.0ng/mL(LC/MS)、5.0μg/mL(LC/UV)。结论 GC/MS法仅可确定样品中羟亚胺的存在,不能确认是否含有氯胺酮。LC/MS和LC/UV法可分别用于痕量和常量羟亚胺和氯胺酮定性和定量分析。     

High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for acrylic and polyester forensic fiber dye analysis

A critical point of comparison between a fiber collected from a crime scene and a fiber from a known source is the color. Fiber dye analysis using thin-layer chromatography or ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis) microspectrophotometry provides useful, although limited, data for comparison. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/MS) overcomes these limitations by integrating chromatography, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry into a single instrument. In order to evaluate the applicability of the LC/MS to forensic fiber dye analysis, a multi-stage chromatographic method using acidified water and acidified acetonitrile was developed that separated and identified a mixture of 15 basic and 13 disperse dye standards. The LC/MS also detected and analyzed dyes extracted from individual 0.5 cm acrylic and polyester fibers, demonstrating its applicability to this type of analysis. With regard to the analysis of disperse dyes in polyester fibers, the replacement of pyridine with acetonitrile in the extraction system allowed direct injection of the extracts into the LC/MS. The advantage of the LC/MS over other instrumental methods of textile dye analysis is demonstrated by the analysis and differentiation of three black acrylic fibers: two fibers had similar UV-Vis spectra but were differentiated with chromatography and two had similar UV-Vis spectra and chromatograms but were differentiated using the mass spectrometer.     

Analysis of the possible use of liquid crystals in fingerprinting

Preliminary results concerning the use of liquid crystals (LC) in fingerprinting are given. These were based on thin layers of liquid crystals, changing colours (observed in linear polarized light) due to dissolved organic matter, transferred from fingers' surfaces. The possibility is shown of using LC to illustrate not only the surface but also the spacial configuration of a fingerprint. Relations are given between the amount of organic matter generating a fingerprint on a given surface and the coloured "response" of LC which may be used for identification as well as approximate estimation of the process of ageing.     

Forensic determination of ricin and the alkaloid marker ricinine from castor bean extracts

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/ MS) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS methods were developed for the presumptive identification of ricin toxin and the alkaloid marker ricinine from crude plant materials. Ricin is an extremely potent poison, which is of forensic interest due to its appearance in terrorism literature and its potential for use as a homicide agent. Difficulties arise in attempting to analyze ricin because it is a large heterogeneous protein with glycosylation. The general protein identification scheme developed uses LC/MS or MALDI-TOF for size classification followed by the use of the same instrumentation for the analysis of the tryptic digest. Fragments of the digest can be searched in an online database for tentative identification of the unknown protein and then followed by comparison to authentic reference materials. LC fractionation or molecular weight cutoff filtration was used for preparation of the intact toxin before analysis. Extracts from two types of castor beans were prepared using a terrorist handbook procedure and determined to contain 1% ricin. Additionally, a forensic sample suspected to contain ricin was analyzed using the presented identification scheme (data not shown). The identification of the alkaloid ricinine by GC/MS and LC/MS was shown to be a complementary technique for the determination of castor bean extracts.     

The blast injury as a result of underwater explosion

Experiments on pigs were made for determination of safe distance to blast center for a diver using the isolating breathing apparatus IDA-71U and aqualung AVM-5. The animals were placed at the distance 12, 9, 7 and 5 m from the blast center. After the explosion, basic physiological parameters and severity of traumas were monitored. Differences in morphological characteristics of the damage done on the earth and under water were identified. Safe distance was 12 m.     

激光捕获显微切割技术用于分离混合斑中精子细胞

目的 评估激光捕获显微切割(laser capture microdissection.LCM)技术在分离混合斑中少量精子细胞的应用价值.方法 配制不同比例的精液-阴道上皮细胞混合液.分别用差异裂解法和LCM法分离精子细胞,用磁珠法提取精子细胞DNA,并用IdentifilerTM试剂盒进行STR基因型检测.结果 LC...     

The fingernails of Mary Sullivan: developing reliable methods for selectively isolating endogenous and exogenous DNA from evidence

The fingernails of Mary Sullivan, the last victim of the Boston Strangler, were examined to determine if any genetic information about the murderer could be obtained. The nails were extremely friable necessitating the development of new techniques for isolating and purifying DNA. DNA yields from nails were optimized by using a NaOH-based preparation technique, which was simple, efficient, and minimized handling. Methods for selectively and thoroughly removing exogenous material on nails were also developed through use of a species-specific PCR assay, wherein mitochondrial DNA from the nail could easily be differentiated from DNA of contaminating cells.     

LC／MS／MS法测定全血中马钱子碱和士的宁的含量

目的建立定量分析人全血中马钱子碱和士的宁的高效液相色谱质谱联用法。方法应用Oasis^TM MCX小柱进行固相萃取法提取，XTerra^TM RP18色谱柱分离。结果在该条件下，人血中马钱子碱和士的宁的线性范围为0．01—5．0μg／ml，最小检出限为0．2ng／ml；马钱子碱和士的宁在0．01—5．0μg／ml浓度范围内的回收率均在80％以上。结论高效液相色谱质谱联用法可定量测定血中马钱子碱和士的宁。     

利用唾液斑DNA上12S rRNA基因片段进行动物种属鉴定

目的通过检测唾液斑DNA确定案件所涉及动物的种属。方法通过提取动物唾液斑DNA,扩增其线粒体DNA上的12S rRNA基因片段,并进行DNA测序,测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST搜索,再利用DNA MAN软件进行同源性分析。结果从唾液斑中成功地提取到了基因组总DNA,并成功扩增出了用于动物种属鉴定的12SrRNA基因片段。结论所报道的方法能用于动物种属鉴定。     

Identification of selected psychopharmaceuticals and their metabolites in hair by LC/ESI-CID/MS and LC/MS/MS

Hair samples of patients of psychiatry and hair samples of suicide cases were analysed by liquid-chromatography/ionspray-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for antidepressants and neuroleptics. Electrospray ionisation (ESI) with in-source collision induced dissociation (ESI/CID) and tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used for drug and metabolite identification. Mass spectra library searching was performed using an ESI/CID mass spectra library and a MS/MS spectra library. Furthermore, extracted ion chromatograms were used for the detection of N-desmethyl-metabolites, which were also identified by their fragment-ion spectra. Three examples using these methods are shown: The tricyclic antidepressant maprotiline, the selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and their desmethylmetabolites as well as the neuroleptic pipamperone were detected and identified in hair extracts. For extraction powdered hair was treated by ultrasonication in methanol and solid-phase extraction was used for sample clean-up prior to LC/MS or MS/MS analysis. These examples demonstrate the power of LC/MS and LC/MS/MS for the detection and identification of drugs in hair extracts using full-scan mode and ESI/CID with library searching or using highly selective LC/MS/MS-analysis with library searching or in multiple reaction monitoring mode.     

腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马LC3和Beclin1的表达

目的研究腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1的表达及其意义。方法 SD大鼠30只随机分为用药组和对照组,用药组大鼠以5mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射氯胺酮,每间隔30min 1次,共5次。对照组予以等量生理盐水。用药组大鼠按用药后时间不同分为6小组,分别于末次给药后1,3,6,12,24,48h后取海马组织备用,用免疫荧光技术和Western blot技术检测大鼠海马组织中LC3、Beclin1的表达,应用统计学处理,比较用药组与对照组的蛋白表达差异。结果与对照组比较,用药组大鼠海马组织中LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ值在1h表达开始增多,6h呈强表达,Beclinl的表达在6h开始增多,12,24,48h都呈强表达(P<0.05)。结论腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮能促进海马组织发生自噬,自噬增强是对氯胺酮毒性的反应。     

差异提取试剂盒在混合斑DNA提取中的应用

目的评估差异提取试剂盒对混合斑样本中的精子和上皮细胞DNA分离提取的有效性。方法采用差异提取试剂盒,选择性裂解精细胞和上皮细胞,结合磁珠法分别对人为控制条件下制备的模拟混合样本和案件中的混合斑检材进行精细胞DNA和上皮细胞DNA的分离提取。对所提取的DNA进行定量分析和STR分型。结果该试剂盒能从精子和上皮细胞不同比例的混合斑中提取出高纯度的精细胞和上皮细胞DNA。结论该差异提取试剂盒适用于性侵害案件中混合斑检材的DNA提取。     

Detection of dipiridamol in biological fluids

Acetone is proposed as an isolating agent for dipiridamol isolation from biological fluids. Purification of the isolates was performed with liquid-liquid extraction and colon chromatography with silasorb C-18 sorbent. The technique of dipiridamol detection in the blood and urine is described. The assays results are presented.     

大鼠皮肤挫伤后Beclin1和LC3的表达

目的 研究大鼠皮肤损伤后Beclin1、LC3的表达,观察皮肤损伤中的自噬现象,并探讨其在损伤诊断及损伤经历时间推断的意义.方法 运用免疫组化及图像分析技术研究大鼠皮肤挫伤后、损伤不同时间段后Beclin1、LC3表达的变化.结果 大鼠正常皮肤表皮细胞Beclin1、LC3低表达,大鼠皮肤挫伤6h后局部表皮细胞Beclin1、LC3表达开始增多,挫伤3、5和7d呈强表达.结论 皮肤损伤后局部细胞Beclin1、LC3表达增多;其表达与损伤经历时间具有相关性;细胞自噬增强是对损伤的反应.     

LC／MS／MS法测定生物组织中百草枯

目的建立LC／MS／MS检测生物体液中百草枯方法。方法弱阳离子交换固相萃取小柱提取剂，应用LC／MS／MS法对生物样品中百草枯进行定性定量分析。结果经该方法测得百草枯的最小检出限为10ng／ml血（S／N≥3），线性范围为0．02～20μg／ml。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确，适用于生物检材中百草枯的分析。     

常见季铵盐类农药分析检测方法研究进展

本文概述了近几年来季铵盐类农药的提取净化及检测方法的研究进展,比较了固相萃取法、液液萃取法、超临界流体萃取等前处理技术的优劣,重点介绍了液相色谱及其液质联用技术在该领域的应用情况。     

Detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in beverages

OBJECTIVE: To establish an analytical method for the determination of GHB in beverages using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. METHODS: After beverage samples with GHB-d6 as the internal standard were extracted with ethyl acetate, then the extracts were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), at last the derivateized extracts analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. After beverage samples with GHB-d6 as the internal standard were diluted by mobile phase then directly analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Results The limit of detection was 0.2 microg/mL and both relative standard deviations for between-day and within-day assays were < 8.54% in GC/MS. The limit of detection was 2 microg/mL and both relative standard deviations for between-day and within-day assays were <8.62% in LC/MS/MS. Conclusion These methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic toxicology to test of GHB in real cases.