澳大利亚：大选后的对外政策走向

澳大利亚总理霍华德于2004年10月9日发表电视讲话．宣布以他为首的执政党——自由党和国家党联盟在此次联邦大选中击败以马克·莱瑟姆为首的工党，获得联邦大选的胜利。这是霍华德总理第四次竞选连任成功。     

中国共产党百年对外战略理念的变与不变

建党以来,中国共产党依据国际环境和时代主题的变化,形成了和平共处五项原则,发展了无产阶级国际主义,提出了人类命运共同体理念,并从人类整体利益和构建人类命运共同体的角度出发,提出了构建新型国际关系的主张。回顾中国共产党的百年历史,中国共产党不断顺应时代的发展变化,调整自己的对外战略理念,但其独立自主的探索精神没有改变,坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,走出了一条中国特色的大国外交道路。     

略论和谐世界理念的国际主义新思想

和谐世界的理念是对国际主义的一种理论创新,对各国选择的社会制度和发展模式,尊重不同文明的多样,倡导世界各国之间开展政治、经济、文化的沟通、交流、对话、合作、互利互赢起到积极的促进作用,并突显中国在国际社会中主持民主、公平、正义,在构建和谐世界中扮演愈来愈重要的角色。     

南京国民政府的对外移民政策

南京国民政府对国人出国整体上采取比较宽松的政策，除在个别时期外，允许国民在具备一定资格、办理一定手续的前提下出国。这一政策有其历史渊源，也有其创新所在。倘若考虑到国内外环境因素。还有其不足之处。     

抗战时期国共两党对外政策述略

1937年卢沟桥事变,中国开辟了世界上第一个大规模的反法西斯战场。中国抗日战争是在以国共两党合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线形式下进行的,由于国民党不接受中国共产党提出的由各党派参加的民族联盟的建议,抗日民族统一战线没有形成一定的组织形式,两党只是遇事协商,解决有关问题。因此,对抗日战争的战略指导和外交方针,也是依据各自制定的抗战路线和战略方针实施的。由于国共两党的基本立场和基本政策不同,因而在抗战路线和对外政策上又存在着较大的差异。     

试论80年代初中国对外政策的十大调整

:80年代初是我国对外政策调整的重要时期 ,这次调整对我国20多年来坚持不懈地执行独立自主的和平外交政策产生了积极影响 ,有力保障了我国经济建设的良好国际环境和对外关系新格局的形成。文章着重概述了我国对外政策调整的一些重要方面 ,并指出了这些调整的重大意义     

浅析韩国文化与对外政策

韩国文化植根于东亚文化圈,滋生于儒家文化的土壤,受西方文化影响,是东方传统文化与西方现代文化相互碰撞融合的历史产物。韩国人重视形象、强调独立,性格急躁、追求速度,身土不二、护短排外的文化价值观和国民性,对其国家的对外政策产生了极为深刻的影响,形成了韩国国家至上、追求荣誉,大国情怀、小国心态,高层定论、民意牵制,身在东亚、心系全球的对外政策的特点。     

人类命运共同体理念对毛泽东国际主义思想的继承与发展

毛泽东国际主义思想是中国共产党在领导中国革命和建设的实践形成的,为维护国家独立、世界和平以及推动我国走向世界作出积极贡献。新时代习近平总书记回应“世界之问”提出人类命运共同体理念,是对毛泽东国际主义思想精髓的继承与发展,其在逻辑起点、哲学基础、战略智慧和价值目标等方面与毛泽东国际主义思想一脉相承,并从思维范式、实现方式、合作模式和路径选择等方面实现了创新发展。     

新中国对外合作关系发展的历史进程和经验启示

建国以来,中国对外合作关系的发展经历了如下进程:国际冷战格局中的曲折演变、改革开放中的艰难探索、经济全球化背景下的全面发展和抵御国际风险中的积极建构。其中,积累了宝贵经验,包括坚持和平发展道路、促进中国与世界利益共生共长、尊重世界发展多样性和维护独立自主政治地位。在比过去更为复杂的现代国际社会里,这些宝贵经验对中国对外合作关系的发展有着重要启示。     

地缘政治与明朝对外政策

明太祖朱元璋基于"宗藩"地缘政治理念和明初的地缘政治形势,确立了明朝对外政策两大支柱——海禁政策和朝贡贸易。他的后世子孙根据地缘政治形势的变化,对涉外政策进行调整,这种调整反过来又影响到明朝的地缘政治形势,二者在东亚"宗藩"地缘政治格局内互动。     

Nationalism,Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy

This article examines the role of nationalism in shaping Chinese foreign policy in the history of contemporary China over the last 100 years. Nationalism is used here as an analytical term, rather than in the usual popular pejorative sense. By tracing the various expressions of contemporary Chinese nationalism, this article argues that nationalism is one of the key enduring driving forces which have shaped Chinese foreign policy over the period; as China increasingly integrates herself into this globalized and interdependent world and Chinese confidence grows, the current expression of Chinese nationalism is taking a more positive form, which incorporates an expanding component of internationalism.     

Media and Chinese Foreign Policy

In recent years, the relationship between the media and the foreign policy-making process in China has become more interactive and even a typical symbiosis. This paper attempts to conduct preliminary research on this very dynamic and changing relationship in the context of Sino–Japan relations. It argues that the Chinese media helps shape the agenda for foreign policy makers, narrow down the set of policy options, change the pace of policy making and implementation, and influence the direction of the final decision. Yet more often than not, the government still controls and regulates the reporting by the media on foreign policy issues. Once the media is perceived as going too far, the government never hesitates to rein it in through various internal and external mechanisms.     

Trumping a New Foreign Policy

正A Donald Trump presidency would shake-up the current system With the conclusion of both party conventions,the turbulent 2016 election process in the United States now enters its final phase.The situation at home and abroad lends to this election a sense of deep dissatisfaction and trepidation among voters.Whatever the result in November,many see the event as an existential turning point for the nation.     

Domestic Bureaucratic Politics and Chinese Foreign Policy

One of the outstanding features of China's domestic politics is the prominence of the bureaucracy in the policy-making process. Arguably, bureaucracy is the next major player in the policy-making process in China after the top leaders. In this article, the three following aspects of the role of bureaucracy in the Chinese foreign policy-making process are examined: (1) the structure of the bureaucracy, especially the main agencies of the bureaucracy involved in foreign policy making; (2) the respective responsibilities of these agencies and their roles in the process; and (3) inter-agency coordination including the resolution of conflict among them. It observes that while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs plays a key role in the process, other ministries and bureaucratic agencies have significant and even growing input in an increasing number of functional areas, such as trade, finance, economy, climate change, soft power and military affairs. In addition, coordination among these agencies has become a key in the policy-making process.     

免除农业税后建设新农村的政策选择

免除农业税政策是社会主义新农村建设的突破口。免除农业税能够从根本上减轻农民负担,增加农民收入;建立统一的公共财税体制和市场机制,融合城乡二元结构;创造良好的制度环境,诱致农村制度创新。但免除农业税也给乡镇财政和职能转变带来了很大压力。坚决落实免除农业税与其他各项惠农政策,有效防止出现过高的机会成本,同时进行农村综合改革以降低经济、社会成本,是巩固免除农业税成果和建设社会主义新农村的关键。     

中国服务业经济增长的政策选择

服务业占西方国家的GDP比重高达60%至70%,而我国到2005年仅为约40%,在未来20年中,要保持经济的可持续增长,发展服务业将是我国首要的任务,而服务业发展的政策选择将起到至关重要的作用。     

Foreign Policy Focus

Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi discussed China's foreign policy and relations with other countries at a press conference in Beijing on March 7 on the sidelines of the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress. Excerpts follow:     

Foreign Policy Implications of Chinese Nationalism Revisited: the strident turn

This paper revisits the debate about foreign policy implications of Chinese nationalism in the context of China's increasingly confrontational and assertive behavior in recent years. It argues that while the Chinese government made effective efforts to control popular nationalism and Chinese foreign policy was therefore not dictated by emotional nationalistic rhetoric before 2008, it has become more willing to follow the popular nationalist calls to take a confrontational position against the Western powers and to adopt tougher measures in maritime territorial disputes with its neighbors. This strident turn is partially because the government is increasingly responsive to public opinion, but more importantly because of the convergence of Chinese state nationalism and popular nationalism calling for a more muscular Chinese foreign policy. Enjoying an inflated sense of empowerment supported by its new quotient of wealth and military capacities, and terrified of an uncertain future due to increasing social, economic and political tensions at home, the communist state has become more willing to play to the popular nationalist gallery in pursuing the so-called core national interests. These developments have complicated China's diplomacy, creating a heated political environment to harden China's foreign policy.     

Foreign Policy and External Relations

正Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi spoke to Chinese and foreign media at a press conference on March 6 during the Fifth Session of the 11th National People's Congress.