心肌收缩带坏死及其法医学意义

收缩带坏死是心肌细胞死亡的一个标记,冠心病猝死、缺钾、缺镁、钴放射、电休克、降温、链球菌激素、新霉素、多粘菌素等因素均可引起,近年来研究发现其与应激性心肌病、吸毒及中毒等有关,在法医病理学科研及实践领域有广泛应用,已成为法医学一个研究热点。本文依据文献资料从心肌收缩带坏死的病理形态学变化、分型、形成过程、发生机理及法医学意义等方面进行综述,旨在为相关理论及应用研究提供参考资料。     

巨噬细胞在损伤修复过程中的作用及其法医学意义

损伤时间推定,一直是法医学领域研究的重要课题。为了寻找准确推定损伤时间的方法,本文综述了巨噬细胞在损伤修复过程中的作用机理、伤后巨噬细胞源性细胞因子的表达和巨噬细胞吞噬物的演化与损伤时间的关系。认为进一步研究巨噬细胞在损伤修复中的特征性变化,有望成为推定损伤时间的方法之一。     

兰尼碱受体及其法医学意义

兰尼碱受体是心肌细胞内的钙释放通道。在心脏缺血或肥大等病理过程中兰尼碱受体的功能和数量也会发生明显变化,从而导致心肌细胞处理细胞内钙离子的能力下降或细胞内钙超载,触发致死性的室性心律失常,诱发心源性猝死。     

The diagnostic significance of "contraction bands" of striated muscle in forensic pathology

The contraction bands of cardiac and skeletal muscle probes were studied. They were taken from autopsy cases with different death causes. The morphologic characteristics of the contraction bands that were closely related to diagnosis were carefully observed. It was found that the morphological patterns of the contraction bands were various and some were regularly seen for the death with certain causes. The forensic significance of the contraction bands was then discussed and it was suggested that the morphology of contraction bands of the striated muscle correlate to the type and structure of tissues as well as to the property of injuries.     

水通道蛋白-4研究进展及法医学意义

头颅创伤、脑卒中、脑肿瘤、缺血性脑损伤、出血性脑损伤均伴有脑水肿的发生，严重者可危及患者生命甚至造成死亡。水通道蛋白-4（Aquaporin-4）作为主要在脑组织中表达的水通道蛋白，起着调节脑内水转运的重要功能，参与脑水肿的病理生理过程，提示研究水通道蛋白-4表达水平可能为法医学外伤性脑损伤时间推断提供新的依据。     

Criteria for the classification as a "domestic-setting corpse"--a literature search and review to define the term

In German medical and media circles (daily routine, specialist literature, press, novels), the term "domestic-setting corpse" is frequently used, but the term is only vaguely defined. The authors thus decided to perform an in-depth study of the literature, including historic textbooks and all German- and English-language medicolegal journals, going as far back as their first issues, in an attempt to more clearly define the term. Inclusion criteria used in the search were a post-mortem interval of at least 24 hours prior to discovery and discovery of the corpse in a domestic setting. In the literature, 37 cases that complied with the above-mentioned inclusion criteria were found. These cases frequently described "advanced decomposition", often "unclear cause of death" and "problems in identification". These characteristics can thus be considered as being additional pointers in the definition. However, we suggest that the two general defining characteristics of a "domestic-setting corpse" are a post-mortem interval of more than 24 hours before discovery and the discovery of the corpse in a domestic setting.     

The legal aspects of corporate computer forensic investigations

The use of computer forensics was previously limited mainly to law enforcement agencies. However, UK organisations are increasingly undertaking computer forensics activities for incidents such as fraud, money laundering, accessing or distributing indecent images, harassment, industrial spying and identity theft amongst others. In this paper we examine the legal aspects of UK corporate computer forensic investigations.     

基质金属蛋白酶与心血管疾病及其法医学意义

在心血管疾病发病机制中起重要作用的蛋白质大分子,对于心脏性猝死的发生及确诊具有十分重要的意义。基质金属蛋白酶(Matrixmetalloproteinases,MMPs)是一类锌依赖的金属内肽酶的总称,是降解心肌细胞外基质最重要的蛋白水解酶类。本文就基质金属蛋白酶生物学特性、功能在心血管疾病发生发展中的作用和在法医病理学中的意义作一介绍。     

The use of scanners in forensic medicine

The paper describes usage of scanners with computer image processing for illustrations and as an independent method of clues examination in forensic medical practice.     

孢粉学在法医学中的应用

孢粉学是研究植物孢子和花粉(简称孢粉)的科学,是一门新兴的边缘学科。由于孢粉具有个体小、质量轻、数量多,不容易被发现等特征,给法医工作者留下证据,为破案提供有利线索,因此孢粉学在法医学实践应用中具有良好的应用前景。此文通过阐述孢粉学的概况、分类、形态特征及传播的规律,分析孢粉学在法医学上应用的优点和局限性,旨在为进一步完善孢粉学在法医学中的应用提供参考。     

环状RNA在法医学中的应用

随着分子生物学性质和功能的日渐深入,RNA在法医学的体液鉴别,血迹形成时间、损伤时间及死亡时间的推断,死亡原因分析等方面的作用受到了广大法医学者的重视,逐渐成为目前法医学应用研究的热点之一。近年来,环状RNA在法医学中表现出广泛的应用前景。本文对环状RNA在法医学中可应用的范围进行综述,并对其未来的前景进行了展望。     

The history of forensic medicine in Hungary

The XIIIth Congress of the International Academy of Forensic and Social Medicine will be held in September 1985, in Budapest, and for this occasion we gave a brief account of the past and present state of forensic medicine in Hungary.     

腰椎间盘突出的自身免疫反应及其法医学意义

损伤时间推定与伤、病鉴别,一直是法医学领域研究的重要课题。腰椎间盘突出是一种以人的生理退行性变为基础的改变,为了寻找准确推断其发生时间的方法,本文综述了腰椎间盘突出后机体细胞免疫、体液免疫反应与损伤时间的关系。认为进一步研究突出髓核组织局部与外周循环中IgG、IgM表达的特征性变化,有望成为推定损伤时间的方法之一。     

心肌桥的研究现状及法医学意义

心肌桥是一种少见的解剖学异常,可引起猝死,近年来已成为临床和法医工作者的一个研究热点。本文依据文献资料从心肌桥的发生率、解剖学特征、病理生理变化、临床表现及法医学意义等方面进行综述。     

周围神经损伤的电生理检测及其法医学意义

周围神经损伤是法医学鉴定中较为常见的损伤,而电生理检测作为一种客观辅助检查手段,对周围神经损伤后功能的评价具有重要的法医学意义。目前常用的电生理检测方法有:强度-时间曲线、肌电图、神经传导速度和体感诱发电位。由于周围神经损伤后不同时间的电生理检测可以反映周围神经损伤与再生的情况,因此,电生理检测对于周围神经损伤预后评估和鉴定时机的确定具有重要的法医学意义。在法医学鉴定中,对于周围神经损伤,除根据神经电生理检测结果外,还要结合其他临床表现综合评定。     

A method for researching the fauna in the forensic medical expertise on a corpse

Process of fauna investigation in medicolegal examination of putrefactive and skeletonized bodies is subdivided into several stages connected with collection of evidence material at the scene of cadaver discovery, with laboratory analysis, getting of additional data, evaluation of investigation results and reasoning of conclusions.     

心肌细胞死亡方式研究的新进展及法医学意义

细胞死亡方式一直是医学上研究的热点,过去认为凋亡和坏死是两种不同的细胞死亡方式。近年来一种新的细胞死亡方式—胀亡,逐渐为病理学家们所关注。胀亡在形态学及其发生机制上与凋亡不同,并且在心血管疾病中所扮演的角色也与凋亡有明显差别。本文就近年来国外心肌细胞死亡方面研究的进展及其法医学意义作一综述。