论法经济学分析范式的传承与分野——科斯分析范式与波斯纳分析范式之比较

法经济学分析范式在法经济学理论体系中处于基础性地位。从某种意义上而言,法经济学的发展实际上就是其自身分析范式的持续性革命。科斯以交易成本为最基本的分析工具,架起了新古典经济学与法律之间联系的桥梁,在大大增强了新古典经济学对现实问题解释力的同时,也为法经济学的研究提供了可能。而波斯纳则在继承科斯法经济学分析范式的同时,另辟蹊径,运用科斯提出的交易成本理论及其衍生的效率工具来分析法律规则背后的经济逻辑,为法经济学的进一步发展拓宽了理论的空间,由此形成了法经济学下的经济的法律分析和法律的经济分析的不同研究路径,从而最终导致法经济学分析范式的分野。     

法经济学与纠纷解决

作为一种全新的法学解释系统和理论框架,法经济学有着自身的研究范式。法经济学的研究范式应该是研究纠纷解决理论的有利工具。法经济学基本研究范式对纠纷解决的理论阐释包括对成本效益、供求关系和市场、纠纷解决过程中国家制定法与民间社会非正式规范的博弈均衡等诸多方面的理论分析。在法经济学的研究视角下,论述纠纷诉讼外解决的经济社会合理性。     

论法经济学分析范式的一般结构——作为一种研究方式的考察和理解

本文阐述法经济学分析范式的概念及其方法论意义,分析法经济学分析范式的存在形态和本体论意义上的结构,并概括了其一般体系和基本类型。本文的分析表明:法经济学分析范式的一般结构决定了法经济学现有理论的整个知识框架,并在逻辑上构成了法经济学全部历史发展的理论实质。     

法学研究的经济学维度——基于法律经济学的思考

法律经济学作为经济学帝国主义的重要表现 ,它是用经济学的方法和理论来考察、研究法律和法律制度的形成、结构、过程、效果、效率及未来发展的学科 ;它是法学和经济学科际整合的边缘学科。本文在阐述了法律经济学的发展历程及基本理论思维后 ,提出了法律经济学运动带给我们的几点思考     

效率违约理论的法经济学分析

效率违约理论是法律经济分析学派(下文简称法经济学派)在契约法违约理论问题上的主要观点之一。该理论从交易双方的角度考虑,认为当履约的成本超过各方收益时,违约比履约更有效率。本文力求站在客观中立的立场上,运用经济学基本理论对效率违约理论的内涵、法律价值及其在我国的借鉴问题展开研究。     

法治化建设的思路创新--基于法经济学的法治化建设思路

法经济学作为经济学帝国主义的重要表现,它是用经济学的方法和理论来考察、研究法律和法律制度的形成、结构、过程、效果、效率及未来发展的学科;它是法学和经济学科际整合的边缘学科.在阐述法经济学的基本理论思维后,通过法经济学运动的启示作用,提出以经济战略推进我国法治化进程的思路.     

法律经济学的意义、困境和出路

法律经济学的意义在于:它揭示了一般法律规则与经济发展之间的内在逻辑联系,丰富了法学研究的基本范式,并在实践中取得了相当的成功.不过,在法律经济分析的假定前提、理论支点和研究范围等方面,它还面临着相当的困境.法律经济学在未来的出路是:运用有限理性理论和认知心理学理论,对经典的经济理性假定进行修正和超越;引入公共选择理论,为法律的经济分析寻求现实的理论支点;在吸收有限理性理论和新制度经济学关于非正式制度的研究成果的基础上,进一步厘清法律经济分析的范围.     

当代法和经济学发展的第三条进路——法学与经济学的双向校验互动

科斯所代表的“法经济学”、波斯纳所代表的“法律的经济分析”以及卡拉布雷西所代表的“法学和经济学双向校验互动的耶鲁学派”可以并称为当代法和经济学发展的三条进路。卡拉布雷西参与学科交叉研究所秉持的交互检验的双向思维、建构综合分析框架实现学科交叉融贯的研究范式，和对“法律实践所可能包含的未经分析的有效人类经验”的尊重与坚守，在克服科斯和波斯纳理论研究范式既有缺陷的基础上，为法学理论和经济学理论的改进和发展做出了重要贡献，对“新文科”建设背景下中国当代法学研究的发展和中国法治建设实践均具有重要的启发意义。     

法经济学主流分析范式的反思与拓展

以新古典微观经济学为理论基础的法律经济分析是目前法经济学的主流分析范式。但目前主流法经济学正面临着来自各方面的批判与质疑。因此本文认为在对主流法经济学反思的基础上,应对其做出修正与拓展。     

从经济学视角浅析法律移植问题

法律移植问题是历来为中外法学家探讨的一个热门话题,本文首先概述了法律移植的基本含义,再从经济学有关理论如:资源优化配置理论、供给需求理论、效用理论等分析了法律移植的可行性和必要性,并用机会成本及博弈理论来阐述法律移植的复杂性,笔者认为从经济学理论来研究法律移植问题必将有助于进一步提高法律移植的质量及效益。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

当前广东拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的特点、原因及对策

近年来,广东一些地区拐卖妇女儿童犯罪屡禁不绝,愈演愈烈.拐卖妇女儿童犯罪是一种十分野蛮的犯罪活动,它严重侵害了妇女儿童最基本的人身权利,极大地危害了社会秩序,败坏了社会风气.本文通过分析其犯罪特点及原因,进一步提出相应对策.     

Elderly widows and widowers and their coresidents in late 19th- and early 20th-century England and Wales

This article examines the family and household patterns of widowers and widows in England and Wales between 1891 and 1921 in terms of the proportion of widowers and widows who lived with never- or ever-married children, servants, or inmates, with nonrelatives only, or on their own. The absence of marked change between 1891 and 1921 in the frequency with which elderly widowers and widows lived with a married or never-married child are in line with the Laslett [J. Fam. Hist. 12 (1987) 263.] expectation that family patterns evolve only slowly, certainly much slower than the forces of political and economic change. Where changes can be detected, as in the decline in frequency of coresidence with servants or inmates, these changes were experienced by the younger as well as the older widowed and by married people. Apparently, the residence patterns of the elderly widowed changed due to the introduction of means-tested old-age pensions in 1910. A second investigated is the extent to which the socioeconomic environment influenced the residence patterns of the widowed in a given time period. The effect in general proves to be weak with little difference between one environment and another in the frequency with which widowers coresided with their children and evidence of gender balancing of the household (relatively more widows living with sons and more widowers with daughters) visible only in agricultural environments.     

Crime Volume and Law and Order Culture

The literature on public opinion about crime and justice has neglected the exploration of macro‐ or community‐level influences on individual‐level attitudes. A key macrofactor that may be related to individual level attitudes is the volume of violent crime. High crime rates can facilitate the development of a culture of “law and order,” a response that may be a practical or instrumental attempt to control crime. The present paper tests the hypothesis that persons residing in nations marked by a high volume of crime will be more likely to adhere to elements of a law and order culture. It employs data from the International Social Science Program (N = 15,024). Controls are taken from major theoretical perspectives on public opinion about crime as well as demographic factors. The results from a hierarchical linear model support the hypothesis that individuals residing in nations with high crime rates are more likely than others to support law and order ideologies. The findings extend the support for this relationship from research based on the US alone to other industrialized societies.     

全球化与法理学的变革和更新

全球化进程深刻地改变着法的存在方式、价值取向和发展方向 ,也必然引起法理学的理论变革与更新。本文以法律本体论、法律价值观、法律人格观、法律发展观、法治观等五个法理学的基本论题为主题 ,分析或展望全球化所可能引起的法理学的理论变革和更新。     

Habermas and Deleuze on Law and Adjudication

This article stages an encounter between Habermas and Deleuze on law, rights, and adjudication. Most of the article is spent developing Habermas’s concept of adjudication as the application of communicatively generated norms. This application, I argue, involves a complex temporality that is at once retrospective and non-creative. Deleuze is used to critique this concept of adjudication in favor of one based on concrete situations and the creation of new problems. In so doing, I will develop Deleuze’s notorious, and notoriously hostile, remarks on human rights and philosophies of communication by relating them to discourse ethics and to the positive conception of law and judgment that can be drawn from his work.

论抵押与留置担保权的竞合条件及其效力

抵押权与留置权在同一标的物并存的情况下,哪一个应优先受偿的问题,是一个重要然而在法律中尚未明确的问题。本文提出并论证了抵押权与留置权在同一标的上竞合而主体不同的状态下,留置权应优先于抵押权受偿的观点。     

Up and Down,Old and New: Values and Value Systems of MPs and Voters in France

MPs are often criticised as being homogeneous. This is well known in terms of social background or gender, but the criticism also holds for values and norms. MPs are said to share normative agreements on the essential points and demonstrate differences on second-order issues. This criticism is even more widespread regarding the new politics based on the cultural divide, notably vis-à-vis politicians from the extreme right as far as immigration, European integration or globalisation are concerned. In this contribution, these criticisms are addressed by investigating the degree of normative agreements and disagreements of French MPs. Furthermore, the differences both in old and new politics between MPs on the one hand and the electorate as a whole and their supporters on the other hand are evaluated. It is concluded that MPs are definitely not all the same and the degrees of difference among MPs or with the electorate are far from being those expected.     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.