The internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement

B.A., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.M., Victoria University of Wellington 1967; LL.M., Columbia University 1968; J.S.D., Columbia University 1972.     

Coping with ultimate evil through the criminal law

Editor in Chief,Criminal Law Forum: An International Journal; Distinguished Professor, Rutgers University School of Law, Camden, New Jersey, United States; B.A., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.M., Victoria University of Wellington 1967; LL.M., Columbia University 1968; J.S.D., Columbia University 1972.     

Extenuating circumstances in capital offenses in Botswana

LL.B., University of East Africa 1968; M.C.J., Howard University 1970; LL.M., New York University 1971; J.S.D., New York University 1975.     

Juvenile offenders

LL.B., Leeds University 1955; LL.M., University of Singapore 1963.     

Innocent agency and causation

Q.C. (honorary) 1968; LL.B. (hons.), University of Wales 1931; Ph.D., University of Cambridge 1936; LL.D., University of Cambridge 1946.     

Tales of law and morality

B.A. (hons.), Acadia University 1982; B.A. (juris.), Oxford University 1984; LL.B., Dalhousie University 1985; B.C.L., Oxford University 1986; M.A., Oxford University 1991.     

Stocktaking after two sessions of the commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

B.A., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1964; LL.M., Victoria University of Wellington 1967; LL.M., Columbia University 1968; J.S.D., Columbia University 1972. Professor Clark was a member of the former United Nations Committee on Crime Prevention and Control and represented New Zealand as an observer at the first two meetings of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Any views expressed here are his own.See generally Roger S. Clark,United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program: Formulation of Standards and Efforts at Their Implementation (forthcoming 1994).     

Anchoring just deserts

B.A., Wheaton College 1971; J.D., DePaul University 1975; LL.M., Georgetown University 1993.     

Theme and variations on criminal law

B.A., City College of New York 1973; J.D., American University 1976; LL.M., New York University 1980.     

The cases of Alfred Dreyfus,Mendel Beilis,and Leo Frank

B.A., City College of New York 1973; J.D., American University 1976; LL.M., New York University 1980.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1969; J.S.M., Stanford University 1972.     

Soviet criminal law

LL.B., Harvard Law School 1966; M.A., Harvard University 1966.     

The argot of the gulag

LL.B., Harvard Law School 1966; M.A., Harvard University 1966.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Lives of the Lord Chancellors , 1885–1940. By R. F. V. Heuston On Justice in Society . By Morris Ginsberg The Disinherited and the Law. By Dagobert D. Runes The Law of Quasi -Contract . By S. J. Stoljar , LL.B., LL.M., PH.D. Conveyancing Contracts , Conditions of Sale and Title . By J. T. Farrand , LL.B., Solicitor The Borderland of Criminal Justice . Essays in Law and Criminology. By Francis A. Allen , University Professor in the Law School at the University of Chicago Crime and the Community . A Survey of Penal Policy in New Zealand Völkerrecht . By Ignaz Seidl -Hohenveldern Federal Conflict of Interest Law . By Bayless Manning     

REVIEWS

The Worker and the Law. First edition. By Professor K. W. Wedderburn, M.A., LL.B. The Restrictive Practices Court. By R. B. Stevens and B. S. Yamey. Sale of Goods. By G. H. L. Fridman, B.C.L., M.A. (Oxon), LL.M. (Adelaide). Casebook on Sale of Goods. By E. R. Hardy Ivamy, LL.B., PH.D. Charlesworth's Company Law. Eighth edition. By T. E. Cain, M.A., Barrister-at Law. Essentials of Mercantile Law. By Kenneth Smith and Denis J. Keenan. International Law. By D. P. O'Connell. The Sources and Evidences of International Law. By Clive Parry. Rights in Air Space. By David Johnson. The Law and Practice of the International Court. By Shabtai Rosenne. The Constitutions of the Australian States. Second edition. By R. D. Lumb, LL.B.(Melb.), D.PHIL.(Oxon), Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Queensland. Law and Orders. By Sir Carleton Kemp Allen. Third edition. The Language of the Law. Selected and edited by Louis Blom-Cooper, assisted by Edward Jackson, with a Foreword by Lord Radcliffe. The Rent Act 1965. By Ashley Bramall, M.A., Barrister-at-Law. Matrimonial Offences with particular reference to the Magistrates' Courts. By Lionel Rosen, LL.M., PH.D.(lond.), Solicitor Second Edition. Politics and Law. By Gerhard Leibholz, Justice Associate of the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe, Professor at the University of Göttingen, Titular Professor at the College of Europe at Bruges.     

Acquitting the guilty: Two case studies on jury misgivings and the misunderstood standard of proof

B.A., Harvard University 1951; LL.B., Yale University 1953. The author expresses appreciation for helpful comments from Professors Albert Alschuler, Joseph Grano, Henry Monaghan, and Lloyd Weinreb. Useful work was also contributed by my student research assistants, Nicholas Connon and Jack Yoskowitz. Research for this article was supported in part by the Walter E. Meyer Fund.     

International norms on execution of the insane and the mentally retarded

Conclusion Victor Hugo considered the death penalty to be the hallmark of barbarity. 104 International human rights law clearly contemplates abolition of the death penalty. To some extent, it has succeeded in promoting universal and imperative norms, as in the case of the prohibitions on torture and slavery. 105 With respect to the death penalty, results have been more gradual and the effort has met with more opposition. Although international norms now exist prohibiting the death penalty, 106 they are not yet widely ratified. This is why international organizations dedicated to the promotion of human rights have insisted upon strict limitation of the death penalty, including its total exclusion for certain categories, such as juveniles, pregnant women, the elderly, and the insane.No treaty provision exists to exclude the insane from the death penalty. The conclusion that this prohibition represents a customary norm is an important one, with consequences not only in international law but also in domestic law since many states consider customary international law to be a part of their domestic law. Wherever a court concludes that in the absence of any domestic statutory provision to the contrary, customary international human rights law prohibits execution of an insane prisoner, a small step will be taken away from the barbarism lamented by Hugo.B.A., University of Toronto 1972; M.A., University of Toronto 1973; LL.B., University of Montreal 1983; LL.M., University of Montreal 1990; LL.D., University of Montreal 1993.     

Police informers and agents provocateurs: Accomplices or handmaidens of the law? Perspectives from the courts of eastern and southern africa

7. Conclusion The use of traps as an investigative technique has a long history. Today the police in many jurisdictions are resorting to them more and more to detect particularly complex crimes of an organized nature and, often, of a transnational character. Note should, however, be taken of the fact that the use of traps is not specifically provided for by statute and that it invariably involves violations of the law by those whose function it is to uphold and enforce the law. Moreover, as some of the cases discussed in this essay reveal, the use of traps may be very unfair to the accused to the extent of violating his or her constitutionally protected human rights. The courts have a bounden duty as watchdogs of those rights to be vigilant and to ensure that the police in their fight against crime do not turn into monsters. Professor of Law, University of Botswana, Gabarone, Botswana; LL.B., University of East Africa 1968; M.C.J., Howard University 1970; LL.M., New York University 1971; J.S.D., New York University 1975.     

Criminal law theory and criminal code reform

M.A., University of Tartu 1979; Ph.D., All-Union Institute of Criminology (Moscow) 1986; LL.M., Columbia University 1993.     

Recent trends in abortion legislation in Eastern Europe,with particular reference to Poland

LL.M., Warsaw University 1968; Ph.D. (law), Warsaw University 1974; Dr. hab. (law), Warsaw University 1986.