Robustness of the Y STRs DYS19, DYS389 I and II, DYS390 and DYS393: optimization of a PCR pentaplex

Various technical methods were investigated with the aim of developing a multiplex system to amplify five Y-chromosome STR loci in the same PCR reaction: DYS393, DYS19, DYS390, DYS389 I and DYS389 II. A sequenced allelic ladder was constructed with previously sequenced alleles including the most common ones. A number of reamplification conditions of the allelic ladders were tested. The pentaplex was evaluated for typing using two different platforms (ABI and ALF) with promising results. However, in degraded samples non-specific artifacts were observed in the DYS393 system in the same range of sizes as the real alleles. This system can also be typed in females under relatively low stringency conditions in the PCR amplification, making this system prone to errors in critical samples. This lack of specificity can be reduced by increasing the stringency of the PCR conditions. The DYS19 ladder cannot be reamplified as stutters appear after a few reamplifications. These stutters are probably due to a 2 bp slippage induced by the presence of a TA repeat stretch in the PCR amplified fragments. Non-specific products were also noted in the DYS389 I and DYS389 II amplification, although out of the range of other alleles in this pentaplex. This newly constructed pentaplex has proved to be very useful in population genetic studies because all five Y STR markers can be loaded in the same lane of a gel with other Y STR singleplex or multiplexes. The usefulness of Y-chromosome STRs in criminal casework is especially evident in analyzing azoospermic individuals.     

Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in a Slovenian population sample

The allele distribution of the systems DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 and YCAII were investigated in a sample of 121 unrelated males from Slovenia     

Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in a Slovenian population sample

The allele distribution of the systems DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 and YCAII were investigated in a sample of 121 unrelated males from Slovenia     

Y-chromosome polymorphism data in Majorcan, Minorcan and Valencian populations (eastern Spain).

Frequency data of the six STRs: (1) DYS19; (2) DYS389I; (3) DYS389II; (4) DYS390; (5) DYS391 and (6) DYS393, and the DYS287 polymorphism (YAP) were determined in a sample of 117 unrelated males from three eastern Spanish populations: 53 from Majorca, 40 from Minorca and 24 from Valencia.     

Multiplex DNA typing of short tandem repeat loci on Y chromosome of Chinese population in Taiwan

Allele frequencies and haplotypes for ten Y chromosome STRs loci, namely, DYS19, DYS385 I, DYS385 II, DYS388, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were obtained from a sample of 582 Chinese individuals in Taiwan.     

Multiplex DNA typing of short tandem repeat loci on Y chromosome of Chinese population in Taiwan

Allele frequencies and haplotypes for ten Y chromosome STRs loci, namely, DYS19, DYS385 I, DYS385 II, DYS388, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were obtained from a sample of 582 Chinese individuals in Taiwan.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios

Eight Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were analyzed in the sample of 117 unrelated Albanian males living in Kosovo. A general STR allelic frequency pattern in the Albanian population from Kosovo corresponds to other European populations. Fourty six haplotypes were observed in single copy. The most frequent haplotypes were (DYS19-DYS385-DYS389I-DYS389II-DYS390-DYS391-DYS392-DYS393) 14-11/11-13-29-24-11-13-13 (10.26%), 14-14/17-12-28-24-10-11-12 (9.40%), 13-16/18-13-30-24-10-11-13 (9.40%), and 14-17/17-13-31-24-10-11-13 (9.40%).     

Haplotypes from the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran for nine Y-STR loci

Nine Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS385a, DYS385b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS19 (DYS394)) were typed in 669 individuals belonging to 16 populations from the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran.     

Tunisian population data on 10 Y-chromosomal loci

Alleles and haplotypes frequencies for 10 Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385 I/II, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438 and DYS439), included in the Y-Plex6 and Y-Plex5 kits were determined for a Tunisian population sample of 100 male individuals.     

10 Y-STRs haplotypes in Chinese

Haplotypes of DYS389I, YS389II, DYS439, DYS438, DYS392, DYS393, DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS385 were determined from 136 unrelated Chinese male individuals.     

Y chromosome polymorphisms and haplotypes in South Saxony-Anhalt (Germany)

We have performed a population genetic study on a population from South Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The allele distributions of the systems DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were investigated in a sample of 234 unrelated males. PCR products were detected using capillary electrophoresis on the ABI Prism 310 DNA sequencer. Two hundred and six different haplotypes were obtained. The haplotype diversity was 0.8915. Using AMOVA significant differences were observed to populations from Poland and Croatia.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in the Canary Islands population (Spain)

Haplotype frequencies of eight Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS385) were determined from a sample of 285 unrelated males from Canary Islands.     

Y chromosome STR polymorphisms in a Serbian population sample

Eight Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393) were analyzed in the sample of 114 unrelated males living in Serbia. A general STR allelic frequency pattern in Serbians corresponds to other European populations with the exception of loci DYS19, DYS389II and DYS385. Out of ninety identified haplotypes, 74 (64.91%) appeared in single copies. The most frequent haplotypes (DYS19-DYS385-DYS389I-DYS389II-DYS390-DYS391-DYS392-DYS393) 16-14/15-13-31-24-11-11-13 and 15-15/19-12-28-23-10-12-12 were found in four copies (3.51%). Total haplotype diversity was 0.9947+/-0.0021.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Macedonian population samples

Eleven Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 were typed in DNA samples from Macedonian population (n = 150).     

Haplotype analysis of 17 Y-STR loci in a Japanese population

We analyzed 17 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS439, DYS456, DYS458 and DYS464a/b/c/d) in 252 Japanese males using three multiplex PCR typing systems. Two variants were found at DYS385a/b. A total of 244 different haplotypes were observed, of which 239 were found in single individuals. The haplotype diversity for the 17 loci was 0.996.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Berber and Arabic-speaking populations from Morocco

Twelve Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS388, DYS426 and DYS439 were typed in Berber-speaking (n=49) and Arabic-speaking (n=60) population samples from Morocco.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotype in Szekely population

Eight Y-chromosome STR markers (DYS19, DYS389/I, DYS389/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385) were examined in an isolated Szekely (known as old Hungarian) population living in Corund, Romania. Ninety different haplotypes were obtained from 99 unrelated Szekely males.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotype in Toscany (central Italy)

Here we show the Y-haplotype database consisting in the loci DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, YCAII and DXYS156Y of 107 males living in Toscany (central Italy).     

Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in population of Serbia and Montenegro

Nine Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) were analyzed in group of 237 unrelated healthy males from population of Serbia and Montenegro in order to assess the frequencies of Y haplotypes. We observed 174 different haplotypes of which 146 (61.6%) were seen only once. Y-STR allelic frequencies in Serbia and Montenegro, in general, correspond to other European populations, except for the DYS19, DYS385 and DYS389II loci.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in a southwest Spain population sample

The Y-chromosome polymorphism of eight STRs (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392; DYS393, DYS385) were studied in 111 unrelated individuals from the population of southwest Spain. The most common haplotype was shared by 3.6% of the sample, while 99 haplotypes were unique. The gene diversity was 0.9977.