Expressions of IL -1α, IL -1β and IL -13 mRNA in Lung Tissue and Serum of Rats Drown in Fresh WaterCSCD

Objective: To detect the changes of (interleukin, IL)-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue and serum of drown rats, and to explore the potential value for the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practice. Methods: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into drowning group, blank control group and myocardial infarction group (as control group). The serum of right ventricular, the inferior lobe of right lung and the myocardium were taken from the rats in different groups. The expressions of IL- 1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in the lung tissue and the serum of right ventricular were detected by TaqMan probe method. Results: The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue between drowning group and blank control group, myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The expression of IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in serum of right ventricular increased (P<0.05). The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in serum between blank control group and myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The changes of cytokines IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in the serum of right ventricular of drown rats are statistical significance, which are highly correlated with drowning. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

社会科学的因果推论与实验方法——评Field Experiments and Their Critics:Essays on the Uses and Abuses of Experimentation in the Social Sciences

<正>Teele,D.Ed.(2014).Field Experiments and Their Critics:Essays on the Uses and Abuses of Experimentation in the Social Sciences.New HavenLondon:Yale University Press.PP280.一、引言:关于实验方法的大辩论在过去三十年,实验方法的崛起为社科研究掀起了一场方法论革命。在很长一段时间内,社科研究都是基于现实世界的观察性数据来建立与检验因果关     

LEGAL ORDER WITHOUT WRITTEN TEXT IN THE SOUTHEAST OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE,CHINA: BOOK REVIEW ON THE PRIMARY LAW (IN CHINESE)

Xiaoguang Xu 徐晓光, 原生的法:黔东南苗族侗族地区的法人类学调查 (The Primary Law—Investigation of Legal Anthropology in the Districts of Miao and Dong Minorities in the Southeast of Guizhou Province, China). Beijing: China University of Political Science and Law Press, 2010. ISBN: 9787562035916. 348 pp.￥28.00 (paperback, in Chinese).     

作为一种官僚病的繁文缛节:评《官僚制与繁文缛节》

<正>Bozeman,B.(2000).Bureaucracy and Red Tape.Upper SaddleRiver:Prentice-Hall.210pp.20世纪的最后30年见证了"新公共管理"运动(New PublicManagement,NPM)在西方国家的兴起,它迅速席卷全球并成为一场声势浩大的浪潮。这一点在美国表现得十分明显,特别是在1990     

In defense of human rights of indigenous people

The nations of the world are generally shaped by a cultural diversity, which must be preserved. This leads to a fundamental and essential defense of indigenous groups and their human rights. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of defending human rights of indigenous cucapa, natives settled in the northeast of the state of Baja California in the Delta of the Colorado River, especially with regards to their fishing rights, which is their main source of food and survival. The environmental laws that have been issued in the country have greatly affected them, banning commercial fishing in some areas and totally in many other areas, adding to that a not to subtle performance by the appropriate regulation authorities, preventing them from fishing sea bass, hence their consumption and marketing, which is reflected in their socioeconomic status. For this reason and in response to this violation of their human rights, women have decided to enter a cucapa womb strike, which threatens the existence of the tribe by not reproducing.     

Mathematical Models for Teenager’s Living Age Evaluation Based on CT Image of Medial Clavicular Epiphysis

Objective To explore the correlation between volume rendering(VR) statistics of medial clavicular epiphysis and living age,and establish the mathematical models for living age evaluation using the CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis based on the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle.Methods The CT images of the medial clavicles from 795 teenagers aged 15-25,387 males and 408 females,were collected in East and South China.VR 3D images were reconstructed from 0.60 mm-thick slice CT images.The epiphyseal diameter,sternal end diameter,and their respective diameter ratio(the left: x 1;the right: x 3);epiphyseal area,sternal end area,and their respective area ratio(the left: x 2;the right: x 4),were measured and calculated.All these observations were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software.The statistical differences in gender and age were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.The mathematical models were established using least square.Sixty trained subjects,30 males and 30 females,were tested to verify the accuracy of the established mathematical models.Results In the group of same age,x 1 showed significant difference in gender;the same results were observed in x 2,x 3,and x 4,which suggested that the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle were highly correlated with living age.The accuracy of these mathematical models were all above 67.6%(±1.0 year) and 78.5%(±1.5 year).Conclusion The mathematical models with reasonable accuracy could be manageable in practice to confirm the conclusion of the atlas method.The current study can contribute to the single skeletal age evaluation.     

Determination of triptolide and wilforlide A in biological samples by LC-MS/MSCSCD

Objective: To determinate triptolide and wilforlide A in biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and to verify the method. Methods: After 0.4 mL blood, urine or 0.4 g hepatic tissues with internal standard were extracted by ethyl acetate, they were separated on a Allure PFP Propyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate using gradient elution. For mass spectrometric detection, electrospray ionization (ESP) in positive mode was elected and the data was collected using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Results: The linearity was good (r>0.9950) and the limit of detection was 2 ng/mL or 2 ng/g for triptolide and wilforlide A. The recovery was 61.08%-102.98%. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 12.58% for each biological sample, and the accuracy was 90.61%-105.80%. Conclusion: This method is simple, convenient and good selective, and could be applied to analysis of triptolide and wilforlide A in different biological samples. And the method may provide technical support for forensic medicine identification, clinical diagnosis and treatment of tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. poisoning. © 2015 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Forensic Application of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID System in Han Population of Eastern ChinaCSCD

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods: Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results: All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five (98.68%) were one step mutation, and only one (1.32%) was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 (95% CI: 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3). In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09 :1. Conclusion: The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Relationship between the Change Rules of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rat Muscle and Postmortem IntervalCSCD

Objective: To explore the relationship between the change rules of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rat muscle and postmortem interval (PMI). Methods: A total of 120 healthy rats were divided randomly into 12 groups (10 for each group). After the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the bodies were kept at (25±1) ℃ Rat muscle samples were separately obtained at 12 PMI points, including 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 d. The VOCs in rat muscles were collected, detected and ana-lyzed by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spec-trometer (GC-MS). Results: In total, 15 species of VOCs were identified, including 9 aromatic compounds, 3 sulfur compounds, 2 aliphatic acids and 1 heterocyclic compound. The species of VOCs increased with PMI: no species were detected within 1 day, 3 species were detected on day 2, 9 on day 3, 11 on day 4, 14 from day 5 to 7, and 15 from day 8 to 10. Total peak area of 15 species of VOCs was significantly correlated to PMI (adjusted R2=0.15-0.96): the regression function was y=-17.05 x2+164.36x-246.36 (adjusted R2=0.96) from day 2 to 5, and y=2.24x+101.13 (adjusted R2=0.97) from day 6 to 10. Conclusion: The change rules of VOCs in rat muscle are helpful for PMI estimation. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

公共价值研究的几个重要问题——评Public Value:Theory and Practice

正Benington,J.Moore, M. H.(2011). Public Value:Theory and Practice.New York:Palgrave Macmillan. 314 PP.一、引言Public Value:Theory and Practice是约翰·贝宁顿(John Bennington)和马克·摩尔(Mark Moore)编纂的学术文集。依据作者的描述:"本书将公共价值的理论与实践结合……在深度和广度上充分展现了对公共价值的思考,推动了公共价值研究进一步的发展"(P. xiv)。对本书进行概括和述评,能够为国内的     

Establishment of 43-plex SNP Typing System and Its Forensic ApplicationCSCD

Objective: To evaluate the application of 43 -plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods: The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the forensic parameters of population genetics. Results: All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.290 1-0.654 4, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.170 8-0.500 0, 0.155 7-0.593 5, 0.085 4-0.250 0 and 0.014 6-0.125 0, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999 986 and 0.992 436 1, respectively. Conclusion: The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

美国联邦财政的制度起源——评《美国公共财政的起源:立宪时期关于货币、债务和税收的争论,1776—1836》

Stabile,Donald R.(1998).The Origins of American Public Finance:Debates over Money,Debt,and Taxes in the Constitutional Era,1776-1836.Westport,Connecticut:Greenwood Press.PP222.为建设一个健康的公共财政体制,一个国家需要在以下具体的制度安排上     

Method Development and Validation for Determining 1,3-Bu- tadiene in Human Blood by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spec- trometry and Head-Space Gas Chromatography

To develop a simple,validated method for identifying and quantifying 1,3-butadiene(BD) in human blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and head-space gas chromatography(HS-GC).BD was identified by GC-MS and HS-GC,and quantified by HS-GC.The method showed that BD had a good linearity from 50 to 500μg/mL(r0.99).The limits of detection and quantification were 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL,respectively.Both the intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 6.08%,and the accuracy was 96.98%-103.81%.The method was applied to an actual case,and the concentration of BD in the case was 242 μg/mL in human blood.This simple method is found to be useful for the routine forensic analysis of acute exposure to BD.     

Distribution and metabolic pathway of flualprazolam in rat

Objective To probe into the distribution and metabolic pathway of flualprazolam plus its main metabolite (α – hydroxylflualprazolam) in rat. Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and fasted for 12 hours, with the first group being fed of flualprazolam by gavage as per 0.45 mg/kg and having their respective blood collected from tail vein at different time and each one’s urine received every day after administration. The second group was taken as the blank control to the first one. The third group was executed at 0.25h after drug administration, having their respective blood, heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain, spleen and muscle collected and extracted with rapid solvent extraction. The fourth group was the blank control against the third one. The distributing and metabolizing flualprazolam and α-hydroxyflualprazolam were detected through HPLC-MS/MS. Results Flualprazolam was found of rapid distributing and metabolizing in rats, reaching its highest blood concentration within 0.25h, having shown its sequential distribution in various organs as follows: kidney > brain > heart > liver > spleen > muscle > muscle > lung > blood. Yet, α-hydroxyflualprazolam demonstrated its discrepant organ-specific distributing order: liver > kidney > heart > spleen > lung > muscle > blood > brain. Conclusion The experiment has showed the distribution and degradation of flualprazolam and its main metabolite in rats who were administered of flualprazolam by gavage, capable of providing scientific basis for flualprazolam to test in vivo and have its metabolic pathway analyzed. © 2021, Editorial Office of Forensic Science and Technology. All rights reserved.     

Determination of barbiturates in hair samples by using a validated UHPLC-HRMS method: application in investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault

In recent years,benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs are the most common substances associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults(DFSA);however,barbiturates are also detected occasionally.Segmental hair analysis provides useful information on the historic pattern of drug use,enabling differentiation between single exposure in DFSA cases and chronic use.However,sensitive and specific methods for barbiturate analysis in hair samples are needed.Herein,we present an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)method for qualitative and quantitative determination of seven barbiturates in hair samples.Firstly,a hair strand was decontaminated and then freeze-milled in liquid nitrogen.Next,50mg of powdered hair was extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min in the presence of 10 ng phenobarbital-d5.The supernatant was dried under nitrogen gas,and the pellet was dissolved in 100 μL mobile phase.Afterwards,10 μL of the suspension was injected into the UHPLC-HRMS system.The present method involved two UHPLC conditions for determination of barbiturates(I)and identification of the structural isomers amobarbital and pentobarbital(II).This method showed satisfactory linearity in a range of 0.02–20.00 ng/mg for UHPLC conditions I and II,both with a high determination coefficient(0.9991–0.9999).The selectivity,intra-and interday precision,accuracy and matrix effect of the method were acceptable.Next,the validated method was applied to investigate an authentic DFSA case.Hair samples(black,approximate 25cm long)were collected 3 months after the assault,and the proximal segments(0–5 cm from the root;each segment was 1 cm long)were analysed.Amobarbital was detected at a concentration of相似文献   

苹果与三星专利战中的GUI设计

引言2011年4月15日,苹果公司以美国的三件发明专利和四件外观设计专利以及商业外观(trade dress)对三星提起了知识产权诉讼,赔偿要求如下:2012年8月24日美国北加州地区法院(California Northern District Court)陪审团裁决三星侵犯苹果三件发明专利和三件外观设计专利以及商业外观,判赔10.5亿美元。在这起诉讼中外观设计专利占据了重要     

儒家法文化与西方宪政文化

据前贤时哲的研究,18、19世纪西方宪政文化的理论来源,一是洛克、霍布斯等人的社会契约说;二是亚当·斯密斯的自由放任主义;三是洛克、孟德斯鸠的分权制衡学说。在这三方面理论的综合基础上,产生了以个体为本位的宪政文化。其要点有四:一、个人主义即极端尊重个人的思想,它以个人为社会主体,以个人为唯一的实在,社会只是个人所组成的产物,个人是目的,社会只是促使个人人格完成、物质和精神生活圆满的手段。因此,极端尊重个     

Association of Five SNPs at the PARK16 locus as a Susceptibility Locus with Parkinson's Disease for Forensic Application

To investigate the association of five SNPs(rs823083,rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110) at the PARK16 locus with Parkinson's disease(PD),and to potentiate its forensic application.The genomic DNAs of 215 PD patients and 212 matched controls from the northern Han Chinese population were amplified in two independent PCR systems and subsequently genotyped by digestion with the three endonucleases(Hinf Ⅰ,Nco Ⅰ and Msp Ⅰ).The genetic parameters and association studies were carried out with SPSS 13.0,Haploview version 4.2 and PLINK 1.07 softwares.We detected accurately all genotypes in the five SNPs with multiplex PCR-RFLP and mismatched multiplex PCR-RFLP techniques.The genotypes of four SNPs,except for rs823083,were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The four SNPs,rs16856110,rs4951261,rs708723 and rs823076,which were in linkage equilibrium,should not be associated with PD(P-values ranging from 0.077 to 0.544).The SNPs investigated at the PARK16 locus were not found to be involved in PD-associated blocks in the northern Han Chinese population.The allele distributions of rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110 in the northern Han Chinese population can be highly polymorphic,which can be applied to genetic analysis and forensic practices.     

公共价值是如何被创造出来的?——兼评《创造公共价值:政府战略管理》与Recognizing Public Value

<正>马克·H.穆尔(2016).创造公共价值:政府战略管理.伍满桂译.北京:商务印书馆.共403页.Moore,M.H.(2013).Recognizing Public Value.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press.473 PP.一、引言马克·穆尔(Mark H.Moore)(Moore,1994)在20世纪90年代首次提出"创造公共价值",随后学术界掀起了公共价值研究的热潮,那么公共价值是什么?谁来创造公共价值?公共价值创造的途径或过程又是什么?对于这三个问     

极地治理的国家角色与制度供给——评《极地国家政策研究报告》

正丁煌主编(2013).极地国家政策研究报告2012—2013.北京:科学出版社.共382页.丁煌主编(2014).极地国家政策研究报告2013—2014.北京:科学出版社.共315页.丁煌主编(2016).极地国家政策研究报告2014—2015.北京:科学出版社.共381页.丁煌主编(2016).极地国家政策研究报告2015—2016.北京:科学出版社.共310页.