论生产、销售伪劣产品罪的几个争议问题

生产、销售伪劣产品罪中的伪劣产品应以交换为目的 ,建设工程、军工产品、限制流通物都可成为本罪的犯罪对象 ;本罪主观方面只能是直接故意 ,对明知的认定应综合考虑 ;本罪销售金额的认定应以经营金额计算     

生产、销售伪劣产品罪的几个疑难问题

生产、销售伪劣产品罪是破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪中较为常见的一种犯罪,但是,由于法律规定等方面的原因,理论上和司法实践中对该罪的认识却存在诸多分歧。本文对生产、销售伪劣产品罪的主体、对象以及对销售金额的确定等问题展开阐述与探讨,以期有利于在司法实践中统一认识,增强适用的准确性。     

生产、销售伪劣产品罪未遂形态辨析

生产、销售伪劣产品罪是否存在犯罪未遂形态,学界对此分歧颇大,实务部门做法不一。本文认为,该罪存在犯罪未遂。首先,应当明确对此问题的分歧在很大程度上与作为该罪客观要件之一的“销售金额”的理解有关。销售金额应当是指生产者、销售者出售伪劣产品后所得和应得的全部违法收入。其次,从该罪的法条罪状模式、罪名结构、罚金刑适用、犯罪预防、证据调查等角度考察,本罪也应当存在犯罪未遂形态。     

生产、销售伪劣产品罪的若干问题研究

销售金额对生产、销售伪劣产品罪的定罪量刑具有重大意义.在"犯罪既遂的标准"下,严格的按照罪刑法定的原则,并且坚持对"销售金额"进行严格解释,销售金额是指生产者、销售者出售伪劣产品后所得和应得全部违法收入,对已生产但尚未售出就被查获的伪劣产品的行为,按货值数额追究生产、销售伪劣产品罪的未遂的法律责任."违法所得数额"、"销售金额"以及"货值金额",尽管都存在不同程度的缺陷,但是相对来说,"货值金额"则较为明确的体现了生产、销售伪劣产品的行为对法益的侵害程度,宜作为界定生产、销售伪劣产品罪的犯罪数额类型.     

浅议生产、销售伪劣产品罪“销售金额”的认定

对于生产、销售伪劣产品罪犯罪未遂形态的存在,长期以来一直存有争议。但经研究分析,生产、销售伪劣产品罪从罪名结构、立法、社会危害性、司法实践等角度,可论证其未遂形态的正当性。该罪名中,销售金额的认定在司法实践中较难掌握。本文指出为准确把握司法实践中定罪量刑,打击伪劣产品领域经济犯罪,对于销售金额的认定,应依托司法实践,在立法领域进一步完善。     

低价白酒灌装冒充高价白酒出售性质的认定

以低价白酒灌装冒充高价白酒出售的行为符合假冒注册商标罪的犯罪构成。当犯罪对象为质量合格产品时，生产、销售伪劣产品罪与假冒注册商标罪才会发生竞合，即该产品同时符合伪劣产品中“以次充好”的情形和假冒注册商标罪中“同一种商品”的要求。两罪竞合时，应遵循以下路径适用罪名：当冒充物与被冒充物缺少统一评价标准时，应适用假冒注册商标罪；当冒充物与被冒充物有统一评价标准时，应基于行为数对其罪数形态进行评价。     

销售假冒注册商标的商品罪疑难问题分析

销售假冒注册商标的商品犯罪严重影响市场经济秩序正常运转,在办理此类案件过程中如何界定销售假冒注册商标的商品罪与销售伪劣产品罪的区别及如何认定销售假冒注册商标的商品罪“主观明知”及“货值金额”问题值得深入研究.     

生产、销售伪劣商品罪的重要问题探析

《刑法》第144条至第148条当中的＂明知＂为注意规定;鉴于制售伪劣商品罪主观明知的证明困难,＂推定明知＂是被允许的,但必须遵循严格的适用条件。生产、销售伪劣产品罪中的销售金额是犯罪的成立条件,因此无论以货值金额还是以可能销售的金额作为该罪未遂犯的处罚依据都是不合理的;对于销售金额的具体计算,销售者的实际销售价格应当是比商品标价更重要的认定标准。制售伪劣商品罪的罪数问题,既存在想象竞合犯也存在牵连犯;择一重罪处断时,对于重罪的判断不能一概地认定为制售伪劣商品罪,而应根据个案具体判断。     

生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪若干问题研究

生产、销售伪劣商品罪的犯罪客体是国家对商品质量的管理秩序以及不特定的人的人身安全;犯罪对象是伪劣商品。行为方式只能是作为;犯罪形态有四种;销售金额既指实际销售出去的产品金额,亦包括尚未销售而可能销售出去的产品金额。罪过心理既可以是直接故意,也可以是间接故意。在某些情况下有既、未遂之分。应当注意本类罪的罪数问题。     

论生产、销售伪劣产品罪的若干争议问题

生产、销售伪劣产品罪,是指生产者、销售者在产品中掺杂掺假,以假充真、以次充好或者以不合格产品冒充合格产品,销售金额在5万元以上的行为。由于刑法将"销售金额5万元以上"规定为本罪的基本罪状,基于对这一罪状的不同理解,理论上对本罪的犯罪构成以及犯罪的既遂与未遂形态,一直存在诸多争议。     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

Implementing and evaluating crime prevention and control programs and policies

The history of crime prevention and control efforts in the United States has demonstrated little progressive improvement in our ability to deter crime. The major obstacles to implementing effective interventions and policies have been a weak scientific knowledge base about how to prevent crime, the research community's inability to effectively disseminate what is known about the causes of crime and to translate this knowledge into operational programs and policies, and a resistance on the part of practitioners and policy makers to evaluate programs and policies and to use this information in the development of new programs and policies. In the last decade, there have been major advances in our understanding about the causes of crime and we have now demonstrated the effectiveness of selected prevention programs. But there is little evidence that this scientific knowledge is informing current practice or policy. Problems in the dissemination of this information and the resistance to utilizing it remain. These problems are discussed and suggestions are made for addressing them. Our knowledge base remains modest, but it is now sufficient to inform policy and practice. The research community must work to do a better job of disseminating this information and overcoming the resistance to utilizing it before we will be successful in implementing effective crime prevention programs and policies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

International aid,trade and investment and access and allocation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - The access to goods and their allocation (who gets what, when, where and how) is one of the analytical problems of the 2009...     

Accommodation and Satisfaction: Women and Men Lawyers and the Balance of Work and Family

This study of graduates of the University of Michigan Law School from the late 1970s reports on the differing ways that women and men have responded to the conflicting claims of work and family. It finds that women with children who have entered the profession have indeed continued to bear the principal responsibilities for the care of children, but it also finds that these women, with all their burdens, are more satisfied with their careers and with the balance of their family and professional lives than other women and than men.     

真相与正义，探究与辩护，科学与法律

在美国法律文化塑造下的对抗制诉讼制度和科学的调查程序之间存在着紧张关系（tension），在法律所关注的裁决终局性（finality）和科学所追求的持续性纠错（oven—minded fallibilism）之间存在着紧张关系。长期以来，法律界都试图通过可采性法律规则归化科学证言，结果导致联邦法官担负起广泛的审查职责；近期，法庭指定专家的制度实践导致对抗制度做出某些修正，这种制度实践已经被批评为“带有纠问色彩”（inquisitorial），甚至“违背了民主的要求”（undemocratic）。在分析这些制度利弊的过程中，我们有必要考察其他法律系统的经验教训。     

油气储运防火安全分析及预防措施

本文主要从设备故障与维护、防静电、动火作业、执行操作规程等几个方面引起的爆炸和火灾进行分析,制定对应的防护措施。提出了以做好设备维护保养、防静电处理、做好防火设计及安全装置、落实动火作业措施及强化安全培训等方面进行综合防控,消除油气储运过程中引起的爆炸和火灾,以实现安全生产。     

Truth and Justice, Inquiry and Advocacy, Science and Law

Abstract. There is tension between the adversarialism of the U.S. legal culture and the investigative procedures of the sciences, and between the law's concern for finality and the open‐ended fallibilism of science. A long history of attempts to domesticate scientific testimony by legal rules of admissibility has left federal judges with broad screening responsibilities; recent adaptations of adversarialism in the form of court‐appointed experts have been criticized as “inquisitorial,” even “undemocratic.” In exploring their benefits and disadvantages, it would make sense to look to the experience of other legal systems.