The possible use of the dielectric indices of human hair in forensic medical expertise]

Method of measuring dielectric parameters of human hair was developed. It was shown that values of relative dielectric permeability of hair may serve as objective criteria in the course of determination of their similarity.     

医疗纠纷司法鉴定的法律依据--兼谈正确处理司法鉴定与医疗事故鉴定的关系

司法鉴定是指人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关、监狱、仲裁机关以及当事人对案件立案前取证、诉讼、执行、仲裁过程中所遇到的专门技术、专门知识问题，委托有鉴定权的机构或鉴定人依法检验或判断的活动。当前，医疗纠纷诉讼到法院的案件日趋增多。在司法实践中，司法鉴定也作为判断医疗纠纷中医院是否具有过错及过错和损害后果之间的因果关系的一种常用方法。那么对医疗纠纷进行司法鉴定是否有法律依据呢？本文对于医疗纠纷进行司法鉴定的法律依据进行探讨。     

医疗纠纷司法鉴定的法律依据--兼谈正确处理司法鉴定与医疗事故鉴定的关系

司法鉴定是指人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关、监狱、仲裁机关以及当事人对案件立案前取证、诉讼、执行、仲裁过程中所遇到的专门技术、专门知识问题,委托有鉴定权的机构或鉴定人依法检验或判断的活动。[1]当前,医疗纠纷诉讼到法院的案件日趋增多。在司法实践中,司法鉴定也作为判断医疗纠纷中医院是否具有过错及过错和损害后果之间的因果关系的一种常用方法。那么对医疗纠纷进行司法鉴定是否有法律依据呢?本文对于医疗纠纷进行司法鉴定的法律依据进行探讨。一、从医疗纠纷的定义上看:医疗事故只是医疗纠纷的一种广义上讲,凡…     

Algorhythm of making forensic medical expert examinations by medical documents in obstetric-gynecological practice

Most of the suits brought against medical professionals concern obstetricians-gynecologists. The experienced clinicians take part in commissions of experts to certify validity of diagnosis, treatment, operations, manipulations. Current state of obstetric-gynecological expertise is characterized. Algorithm of making obstetric-gynecological examinations is proposed. Criteria on forensic-medical assessment of medical care conducted in comparison with current standards of this care are formulated.     

Tandem mass spectrometry: a helpful tool in hair analysis for the forensic expert

The Bavarian State Bureau of Investigation in Munich has the exclusive responsibility for investigation of criminal acts. One considerable expertise is that of hair analysis. According to the legal system in Germany, there is a special interest when some clients' hair tested positive for illicit drugs. An accused with a lot of drugs in his hair will be treated as a supposed addict and will be guaranteed extenuating circumstances. The instrumentation used for hair analysis is a powerful analytical tool: a Varian 3400 gas chromatograph linked to a Finnigan Tandem-MS (TSQ 700). The methanol extraction method is used for the detection of illegal drugs and metabolites: amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA (ecstasy), MDE, MBDB, methadone, THC, EDDP (metabolite of methadone), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, opiates (dihydrocodeine, codeine, heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, acetylcodeine). For the detection of 9-carboxy-THC by negative chemical ionization the hair sample is hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Solid-phase extraction is used for clean-up. The LOQ for the determination of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic-acid is 0.16 pg/mg hair. An unsurpassed combination for rendering an expert opinion based on hair analysis may be: a forensic expert using diligence and experience, coupled with the performance of a sophisticated analytical instrument.     

河南省刑事案件司法精神病学鉴定案例的随访研究

目的研究司法精神病学鉴定后各方对结论及处理的看法及社会影响等随访因素。方法作者通过通信函调、电话随访和登门拜访等三种方法,用自编调查表对208例鉴定案例分别向委托机关、被鉴定人本人或家属、受害人本人或家属进行随访。结果被鉴定人受教育年限平均为4.84年,以30岁左右已婚男性农民居多。暴力犯罪(129例占83.77%)远较非暴力犯罪(25例占16.23%)为多,前者又尤以杀人(44例占28.57%)为最常见。本资料再鉴定率为2.93%。被鉴定人及其家属对34例无责任能力的处理意见认为恰当的占76.47%,对判为无罪释放的28例,认为处理恰当的占71.43%,认为不恰当的占10.7%。对就医者几乎全都满意,对判刑或关押的认为恰当与不恰当者各占43.18%。受害人目前现状为死亡7例,残废10例,恢复健康10例。被鉴定人及其家属的意见与司法机关认为案件引起的社会影响似乎无关。被司法机关无罪释放的41例(26.62%)被鉴定人中,再杀人2例(4.87%),放火2例(4.87%),盗窃2例(4.87%),回归社会后有破坏行为但尚未构成犯罪者3例(7.31%)。结论建议政府有关部门尽快建立违法犯罪精神病人的监管和医疗机构。     

New prospects in forensic medical expert evaluation of perforating wounds of the eye

The criterion "percentage of stable loss of total working capacity" is usually used in expert evaluation of perforated wounds of the eyes. However it does not always allow an objective evaluation of the ocular status. Visual acuity can vary greatly during the posttraumatic period for a rather long time, becoming worse or better during up to 1 year. Treatment and observations of 160 victims (165 eyes) helped determine the major clinical symptoms of perforated wounds and distinguish 8 symptoms characteristic of severe injuries. Use of these symptoms as criteria for evaluating the severity of injury inflicted to health helps make an objective conclusion without waiting for recovery.     

Procedural bias in forensic science examinations of human hair

Several forms of expert forensic science evaluations exist that rely at least in part on the subjective opinion of the examiner. Human hair identification is one such examination. This paper considers possible sources of influence or bias that may be responsible for examiner errors. Data are reported of an experiment that compares the conventional examination procedure (known versus questioned samples) against an alternative procedure (a lineup of samples) designed to limit the influence of factors that contribute to error. The altenative procedure produced fewer incorrect conclusions (3.8%) than the conventional procedure (30.4%).     

Urgent problems of forensic medical expert evaluation of disability in civil suits

The author discusses urgent medicolegal problems related to evaluation of the degree of occupational disability, necessity of additional diet for victims, which arise in connection with civil actions of persons who underwent non-occupational trauma.