CROSS-BORDER MERGER AND ACQUISITION OF CHINESE DOMESTIC LISTED COMPANIES

China’s reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and share trading plays an essential role in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Considering most of the public listed companies enjoying abundant domestic resources as an outcome of SOEs reform, as well as the new capital and innovative managerial conceptions that foreign M&A brings in, the SOEs and share-trading reforms are undoubtedly mutually beneficial. As the reforms deepen, rules are established that state-owned shares cannot be traded, given potential loss of state-owned assets, which creates a great plight for foreign M&A through directly purchasing tradable shares within China’s A share market. Therefore, share-trading reform progressed so as to convert non-tradable shares to tradable ones, which indeed provides many opportunities for foreign M&A. This article adopts case study and related empirical analysis methods. After systematic research on the cases of foreign M&A of listed companies in China that were transacted between 1995 and November 2012, and analyzing each respectively under the framework of the existing sixteen models in China, those models can be further classified into three categories concerning the unique share structure as well as the legal environment in China.     

CONTROL BALANCE AND EXPLOITATIVE CORPORATE CRIME*

Control balance theory indicates that the control one exercises relative to the control one experiences, or the control balance ratio, should relate to specific forms of deviance. Control surpluses, or when control exercised is greater than control experienced, should relate to autonomous forms of deviance, whereas control deficits, or when control experienced is greater than control exercised, should relate to repressive forms of deviance. To date, control balance theory has been investigated empirically only to a limited extent, with mixed to supportive results. This paper presents an application of control balance theory to the autonomous deviant act of exploitation in a corporate crime context. Both control balance theory and the extant corporate crime literature offer impetus for such an investigation. Using data collected on working adults, the results support the key hypothesis that control surpluses rather than control deficits relate to exploitative acts in the corporate context. This finding holds with two control balance ratio measures, global and workplace‐specific. Future theoretical and empirical research directions are outlined.     

FIREARMS OWNERSHIP, GUN CONTROL ATTITUDES, AND NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT

Consensus has not been reached on whether a relationsip exists among violent crime, fear of crime, and firearms ownership. The questions addressed here are how, if at all, the neighborhood environments of urban blacks and whites affect their patterns and levels of gun ownership, what their attitudes are toward gun regulation, and whether there is a relationship between gun regulation attitudes and firearms ownership. Data collected through a mail questionnaire from white and black residents of high and low homicide risk neighborhoods in Detroit were used to test the questions. Results indicate, for the most part, that blacks and whites hold different attitudes toward gun regulation, that gun regulation attitudes affect gun ownership patterns, and that only in one instance did neighborhood environment explain gun ownership relatively well.     

所有权的类型及其立法结构 《物权法草案》所有权立法之批评

<正>所有权制度是物权立法的核心,《物权法草案》专以第二编加以规范。但在我国,所有权的性质及其具体制度的设计,历来被笼罩着一团迷雾,其轮廓依稀可见,真实面目却难以辨识。表现在立法活动中,包括学者建议稿在内的各种物权法草案,对国家所有权、集体所有权和公民个人所有权之区分的立法态度迥异,迎合者有之,拒斥者亦有之。《物权法草案》第四章和第五章的大部分条文,就属于前一情况。此种立法态度的分歧,主要原因应该是立法者和学者     

FEAR OF CRIME AND HANDGUN OWNERSHIP

The levels of handgun ownership and the fear of criminal victimization Abstract are both considered social problems in American society. The present study attempted to test for causal effects among these and several other variables through the use of a nonrecursive simultaneous equation model to analyze data for 1,818 men. The results indicated that handgun ownership had the effect of reducing the fear of crime while fear had no statistically signficant effect on handgun ownership. These variables, in turn were influenced by religious membership, region, income, size of place of residence, political orientation, and age. The Findings do not support claims that the fear of crime motivates increased handgun ownership but do confirm arguments that in the contemporary United States. Handgun ownership provides some men with a sense of personal security.     

企业社会责任和工人的权利

<正>企业社会责任(CSR)是世界经济的一个重要方面,它联合消费者的力量和对社会负责的商业领导,来改善人权状况、劳工权利和工作场所的劳动标准。这些商业领导力量不仅有设于俄勒冈的耐克(Nike)总公司和位于加利福利亚的李维·斯特劳斯(Levi Strauss)总公司,还有总部设在台湾和香港的商社,以及东莞和深圳的工厂。若在10年前,我可不会这么说。那时,我认为企业社会责任和企业行为守则不过是用来