A study on the vital reaction in wounded skin: simultaneous determination of histamine and polyamines in injured rat skin by high-performance liquid chromatography

This paper describes a modified method of simultaneous quantitative determination of histamine and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine) in incised skin wounds of rats using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a strong-cation exchange column, shim-pack ISC-05/S0504P, employing a linear gradient of 0.7-2.5 M sodium chloride. There was scarcely any change in the histamine content of the vital wounds throughout the one week experimental period, although content decreased slightly in 1-h-old wounds. On the other hand, concentrations of putrescine and spermidine increased suddenly 12 h after wounding, and spermine content increased slightly in 4-day-old wounds. There was no post-mortem change in the histamine, spermidine and spermine contents of vital wounds allowed to stand at 25 degrees C up to 24 h after death. Based on these results, this HPLC method may be useful for the determination of wound age during the period of healing.     

创缘周围血管生成在皮肤损伤时间推断中的应用

皮肤损伤时间推断一直以来都是法医病理学者所需解决的重要问题,免疫组织化学技术具有方便、敏感的特性,它的应用大大提高了皮肤损伤时间推断研究的发展。然而,有效指标的缺乏却限制了免疫组织化学技术的应用。血管生成在皮肤损伤愈合过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,因此,血管生成相关因子可能在皮肤损伤时间推断方面具有重要价值。     

The application of histochemical methods to the age evaluation of skin wounds: experimental study in rabbits.

Enzyme histochemical methods allow determination of wound age, especially in the range of a few hours, and are used to distinguish between postmortem and antemortem skin wounds. The methods are based on the determination of the presence and changes of the enzyme reaction in the wound area. Increased activity of nonspecific esterases was observed approximately 1 hour after wounding and was followed by an increase in adenosine triphosphatase at approximately 2 hours and alkaline phosphatase at approximately 3.5 hours. Maximum enzyme activity was reached for nonspecific esterases at 24 hours, for adenosine triphosphatase at 20 hours, and for alkaline phosphatase at 32 hours after wounding.     

Effects of anoxia on the isolated perfused rat heart: histological, histochemical and electron-microscopic observations

A study to evaluate hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) and some other conventional stains in the demonstration of early anoxic lesions of the perfused rat heart has been undertaken. The extent of the anoxic injury was readily demonstrable electron-microscopically and in semithin sections by light microscopy, and at 1.5--2 hours practically all myocardial cells showed irreversible changes. The HBFP method was unreliable, giving false positive and false negative results both in the control and anoxic specimens. No clear changes were seen in the four histochemical dehydrogenase reactions applied, whereas damaged myocytes lost some of their affinity to eosin. Contraction bands were frequently seen in the anoxic hearts stained by the phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin method. However, their presence was not in a linear accordance with the extent of the lesion. The perfusion model is not directly comparable to the myocardial infarct caused, for example, by ligating the coronary artery but, however, the present results suggest the difficulty of demonstrating the very early anoxic myocardial lesion by means other than electron microscopy.     

大鼠皮肤挫伤修复过程中caspase-6的表达及其时间规律性

目的探讨皮肤挫伤修复过程中,caspase-6在挫伤区及挫伤周边区不同时间表达的变化规律。方法应用免疫组化染色、Westernblot技术显示caspase-6在皮肤挫伤区及挫伤周边区炎性细胞中的阳性表达和激活情况。结果伤后3h,挫伤区内浸润的少量多核粒细胞的胞质中caspase-6呈弱阳性表达,阳性率为(25.78±1.38)%;伤后12h,阳性表达增强明显,阳性率为(47.70±5.14)%;伤后3d,几乎所有多核粒细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞中caspase-6呈强阳性表达,阳性率为(54.58±5.64)%,表达达高峰,以后逐渐下降。Westernblot实验证明,caspase-6酶原表达呈现时间规律性变化。结论大鼠皮肤挫伤修复过程中,caspase-6在挫伤后的炎症反应中发挥重要作用;同时,caspase-6在挫伤区内多核粒细胞、单核细胞及成纤维细胞中的表达呈规律性变化,可对挫伤时间的推断提供参考。     

大鼠皮肤创伤后EⅢA-FNmRNA表达与损伤时间推断研究

目的研究皮肤创伤后不同时间纤连蛋白剪接方式变化及EⅢA剪接异型体的表达。方法提取伤区组织总RNA,RT-PCR方法扩增目的条带。结果大鼠皮肤损伤后表达出正常组织中没有的EⅢA+(526bp)片段,其中伤后1h该条带肉眼可辨认,在伤后24h内,随损伤时间延长其条带亮度相应升高。结论EⅢA-FN剪接异型体表达变化可为法医学损伤时间推断较理想指标。     

大鼠急性心肌缺血动物实验模型的改进

目的改进大鼠急性心肌缺血动物实验模型时,提高手术的成功率和动物成活率。方法比较传统方法与改进方法动物试验的成功率。结果传统方法成功率只有60%,改进方法成功率达到90%以上。结论改进后的方法能大大降低手术难度,减少实验费用,优于传统方法。     

Visualization method for fingerprints on skin by impression on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) semirigid sheet.

Based on the phenomenon that static electricity attracts dust, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) semirigid sheet coated with printing ink was used to visualize impressions of fingerprints on the skin of living and dead bodies. Compared with visualization methods for perspiration fingerprints, this method recovers better images for a longer time after the fingerprint has been deposited on skin. Fingerprints transferred to the PET sheet are photographed with sidelighting using an ordinary light source. For fingerprints that yield inadequate contrast, an argon-ion laser can be used to improve the contrast.     

A method for collection of gunshot residues from skin and other surfaces

A method of collecting gunshot residues from the skin of persons who have been injured by firearms has been developed. The method uses a commercially available, adhesive, transparent plastic film. This method is also useful for collecting gunshot residues from other objects, such as leather. The shooting distance is later estimated by ocular, microscopic or IR examination in combination with various chemographic tests.     

电警棍致皮肤损伤的实验研究

本研究系用电警棍电击实验动物（猪），观察电击部位的皮肤喷涂金属显色剂后的颜色改变、组织学改变及金属含量的改变。结果表明，电警棍电击机体，不仅可致皮肤产生肉眼可见的损伤，而且可致皮肤细胞产生轻微的极化现象和皮肤金属化，这种金属化可通过金属显色剂喷涂和原子吸收分光光度计检测出来．本实验为电警棍电击伤的定性分析、检材的提取与处理提供了比较好的方法，有利于判定案件的性质和确定电警棍的种类。     

Identification of a murder weapon by a peculiar blunt force injury pattern and histochemical analysis

Attempts to determine the instrument in the brutal killing of a middle-aged male resulted in the positive identification of an auto jack column as the actual instrument used. This was accomplished by the use of three modalities: (1) the edge of the jack column conformed exactly to a multi-curved laceration in the forehead (site of lethal injury), (2) blood found within this edge of the jack column afforded the same blood type as that of the victim, and (3) tissue sections made of the blood and debris from this edge of the jack column revealed tissue fragments containing human keratin (antihuman keratin technique) and positive staining with collagen stains.     

An improved method for restoring the initial appearance of injuries on the skin

Presents a modified method for restoring the shape and size of wounds on skin preparations. The advantages of the modification over the routine A. N. Ratnevski?'s method are enumerated.     

The development of latent fingerprints on human skin: the iodine-silver plate transfer method

With the iodine-silver plate transfer method latent fingerprints on human skin can be developed. The continuation of experiments leading to the eventual application to a bona fide case processed through a judicial system will indicate the "arrival" of a new and useful tool for the law enforcement officer in identifying the perpetrators of our more serious crimes.     

法治的基本要件:从法

动态的法治的最基本的启动和维持力量是治者从法.法治的真正治者是人,不是法律,所谓"法律的统治"不过是语言逻辑上的一种虚构.从法的主体对于法律是主动的、积极的,而法律对于从法主体是去向的.以主动、积极为特点的从法具有治的创造力.主要表现在:创生新法,扩展法律的治域;改善法律,培育良法;奉行法律,确保法律的有效实施.     

RT-PCR检测不同时间大鼠皮肤切创TGF-β_1mRNA表达

目的 探讨TGF-β_1mRNA在不同时间的表达变化及其与伤后经过时间的关系。方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分别对大鼠生前0.5h、1h、3h、6h、12h、48h、72h、96h、168h和死后0.5h、1h、3h的皮肤切创组织中的TGF-β_1mRNA表达变化进行检测,采用ID软件对凝胶扫描的数据进行密度分析。结果 TGF-β_1mRNA在生前皮肤切创后0.5h上升,3h开始急剧升高,48h含量达到峰值;死后皮肤切创未见TGF-β_1mRNA的表达。结论 大鼠皮肤切创TGF-β_1mRNA的表达具有时间相关性,RT-PCR是检测细胞因子在基因水平表达的灵敏方法。     

Classification of skin injuries inflicted by the teeth of the carnivorous animals

The current approaches to the classification of skin injuries inflicted by the teeth of the carnivores on the human body are discussed. The new morphological classification is proposed taking into consideration the current views of the mechanisms underlying the formation of tooth marks on the integumental tissues of the victims of attacks by carnivorous animals. Morphological characteristics of skin injuries are briefly described in the framework of the new classification.     

Isolated viable rat cardiac myocytes as a tool for evaluating histochemical methods for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. I. Mitochondria-bound oxidoreductases — A preliminary report

A pilot study has been performed to evaluate the usefulness of isolated viable rat cardiac myocytes in the evaluation of histochemical oxidoreductase methods for estimating cellular anoxic damage. Data are presented in support of the use of succinate dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase for evaluating different degrees of cellular damage. It appears that upon anoxia biochemical signs of membrane leakage do occur earlier than positive histochemical reactions. However, trypan blue staining occurs at a later time point. Probably the histochemical reaction-rates are limited by the penetration of both the substrate and the electron acceptor, in this case nitro blue tetrazolium, into the cells and the mitochondria.