我国银行专利实施的基础与对策

随着信息技术的发展和渗透,一些发达国家已将商业方法纳入法律保护的范围,银行相关产品和服务具有了成为专利的可能性。我国加入WTO之后,银行业的竞争日益激烈,作为推动金融创新的一种有效手段,银行专利的出现成为了一种必然趋势。自1985年银行专利在国内申请以来,我国的银行专利具有了一定的发展基础,但仍需进一步完善。     

我国银行业专利保护现状研究

我国银行业专利申请量逐年增多,商业方法专利的出现使专利成为银行业竞争的重要手段之一。美国＂州街银行案＂判决以来,商业方法专利申请对各国银行业产生了很大影响。通过对我国银行业专利特别是商业方法专利的保护现状进行实证研究,分析我国银行业专利保护的特点及其问题,进而提出相关建议。     

金融商业方法专利的攻与防——跨国银行与发展中国家之间的较量

基于全球竞争需要,跨国公司不但在本国申请商业方法专利,而且大量在发展中国家申请方法专利,跨国银行也不例外。从以美国为代表的发达国家对商业方法专利提供法律保护的实践看,各国对商业方法专利的审查及授予标准逐步趋于接近,主要是采取适度从严的审查规则,重点强调方法专利中的创新性技术性成分,并要求专利具有技术性贡献。中国在商业方法专利保护方面刚刚起步,国内金融企业对于开发商业方法专利的意识有所增强,但实质性进步并不明显。未来,围绕商业方法专利的保护与反垄断之间的斗争将越来越公开化。为此,我国应当通过税收优惠政策鼓励金融企业进行专利创新,同时还要通过发起公益诉讼、反垄断调查等法律手段来适度保护民族金融产业。     

中国银行业商业方法专利发展态势及对策研究

商业方法是近几年专利领域争论和发展的热点之一,并在银行业最先得以应用。此后,商业方法专利在银行业发展中占据着重要地位。我国银行业商业方法专利发展的态势,以及我国内资银行发展商业方法专利的对策都需着重予以研究。     

商业银行金融专利战略研究

加入WTO,我国政府承诺在5年内完全开放金融服务业,可以预见,外资银行进入我国后的竞争将会何其激烈。美国花旗银行从1992年起在我国共申请19项专利被披露后,引起了国内金融界的震动。花旗银行为什么能如此神速地申请19专利呢?这跟花旗长期来推选全球知识产权战略不无关系。那么,我国的银行应如何去     

外资银行监管法律问题研究

中国加入WTO之后 ,金融服务市场将进一步对外开放 ,外资银行将更大规模地进入我国并开展各种业务 ,必将对我国的银行业竞争格局、市场秩序甚至金融安全产生重大影响。本文探讨了在不违背WTO规则的前提下对外资银行实施监管的原则和内容 ,并对我国相关制度的完善提出了相应的建议。本文首先分析了监管外资银行应当遵循的保护本国银行、对等互惠、最惠国待遇以及国民待遇等原则 ,介绍了巴塞尔委员会关于外资银行监管的要求。在此基础上 ,本文探讨了外资银行监管的主要内容 :市场准入监管、业务监管 ,并对我国进一步完善与外资银行监管有关的存款保险、紧急援助措施、金融监管的国际合作、银行的信息披露和内控、外资银行的风险性监管等内容提出了具体建议。     

浅论生物医学领域中的方法专利

专利可分为产品专利和方法专利两大类。产品专利可对发明产品提供全面、有力的保护,单独的方法专利的保护效力相对较弱。从专利保护角度看,最好既有产品专利又有方法专利,但在新药研制难度越来越大、周期越来越长、资金投入越来越多的今天,这并非易事。目前我国新药研究创     

外资银行经营人民币业务的监管问题

根据入世所做的金融承诺,我国将最终取消对外资银行人民币业务的地域、客户等限制。这意味着我国银行业将出现新的竞争格局。如何构筑一个适应外资银行业务开展的环境,并完善我国相应的监管体系,成为新形势下亟须研究的课题。我国应在新出台的《外资银行管理条例》和《外资银行管理条例实施细则》的构架下,明确对外资银行经营人民币业务的监管定位,协调和统一立法规范体制,并进一步调整监管内容,改进监管手段。     

金融产品的专利保护研究

在中国加入世贸组织的五年之后,金融市场对外开放。中国本土银行面对竞争,应运用知识产权的规则保护金融产品。借鉴各国利用专利保护金融产品的方法,利用专利权保护自己金融产品。     

我国外资银行市场准入制度的分析与完善

在国际服务贸易领域,特别是金融银行业,因为不存在关税壁垒,所以市场准入问题在多边谈判中显得十分重要和敏感。在加入世贸组织后,我国在涉及外资银行市场准入方面做了相应修改。结合我国入世具体承诺、国际相关文件及国际银行有效监管和控制的最新发展趋势,我们要分析现阶段我国相关规定所存在的缺陷,进一步完善我国外资银行市场准入的法律手段。     

Umbilical cord blood banking: beyond the public-private divide

Umbilical cord blood is a source of haematopoietic progenitor cells, which are used to treat a range of malignant, genetic, metabolic and immune disorders. Until recently, cord blood was either collected through donations to publicly funded cord blood banks for use in allogeneic transplantation, or stored in commercial cord blood banks for use in autologous transplantation. The line between public and private cord blood banking is being blurred by the emergence of "hybrid" models that combine aspects of both the public and private systems. The authors describe these hybrid models and argue that their emergence is explained by both market forces and public sector policy They propose that the future of the sector will depend heavily on several key developments that will differentially affect public, private and hybrid banking models.     

对影子银行加强监管的国际金融法制改革

2008年金融危机的产生与游离于监管体系之外的影子银行的崩溃密不可分。在后危机时代,国际社会金融监管改革中很重要的一个方面即是加强对影子银行的监管。美欧等发达金融体已纷纷采取多种改革办法加强对其监管。以金融稳定理事会为代表的国际组织亦对影子银行监管进行研究,并形成了相关建议。影子银行对金融体系带来的主要威胁是系统性风险和监管套利,改革现有金融监管法制的重点也在于此。我国应当积极参与此方面的国际金融法制改革,并适时加强国内的法制建设。     

论政府对投资银行的风险监管

本轮金融危机中,投资银行业务过度创新而政府监管乏力,风险累积祸及世界.政府对投资银行的风险监管问题引起业界的高度关注.通过分析政府对投资银行监管的理论基础,探讨对投行监管的必要性及监管的目标.在分析政府对投资银行监管方面暴露的问题之后,提出政府应该为投资银行创设良好的运行环境,创建良好的信息披露和风险提示制度,特别是把好市场准人和退出关口及针对投资银行的业务链条设计风险监管制度,防止出现监管"真空",并且加强监管过程中的国际合作.     

Banking efficiency and its determinants in selected frontier african markets

The degree of banking efficiency is of key importance as this has significant implication on the stability of financial systems and ultimately impacts on an economy. In this paper, we extend the existing literature by measuring the degree of bank efficiency in ten frontier African countries. We also attempt to analyse the determinants of banking efficiency in the sample countries. We employ a bank-level panel data set over the period 2008–2012 to measure banking efficiency in a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis technique to estimate technical, pure technical and scale bank efficiency. In the second stage, we use Simar and Wilson (J Econom 136:31–64, 2007) truncated bootstrapping approach to analyse the determinants of banking efficiency. The results of our analysis show that, to a greater extent, banks in the countries studied have efficient banking sectors. The results of truncated regression indicate that bank size is negatively related to banking sector efficiency while the degree of risk is positively related bank efficiency. Overall, the present study provides empirical information that may be used to guide future financial reform policies in the Frontier African countries.     

Politicization,banking experience and risk in savings banks

During the global financial crisis, criticism of the politicization and lack of professionalization of the savings banks has taken a central position in the political debate. The aim of this article is to analyze if the political presence of governing bodies in Spanish savings banks has been reflected in their various risk-taking behaviors before and during the financial crisis. We will also analyze whether the influence of the chairman’s banking experience matters. The results do not provide evidence that the composition of the boards of savings bank, or even their politicization, have played a role. However we show that savings banks run by a chairman with previous banking experience are likely to be significantly more solvent and less volatile.     

The Banking Crises and Housing Finance: The Political Economy of Financial Deregulation*

This paper explains current problems in the housing and banking industries by reviewing the history of the post-New Deal U. S. banking system as it relates to housing finance. Current problems in banking and housing are seen as the result of the interaction of long waves of growth and decline in the U.S. economy and structured conflict over financial regulation between large commercial banks and a shifting alliance of other social groups. Contemporary problems of affordability, price volatility, and credit “crunches” flow from increasing financial fragility and economic stagnation. Policies to democratize finance and create new financial institutions are considered.     

专利信托融资模式的设计与应用

有效利用专利,成功获取企业发展所需资金是科技企业成功经营的一个标志。虽然银行业已经广泛开展了专利担保融资业务,但由于各种固有的局限,质押融资远远不能满足大多数中小科技企业的融资需求。作为唯一可以合法进行综合投资的信托融资则可以发挥重要的补充作用。合理的制度设计是保证专利信托融资成功的关键。     

THE PERCEIVED SIZE OF SMALL BUSINESS BANKING MARKETS

Definition of markets is fundamental to any analysis of competitionand is the first step in enforcement of antitrust statutes.In the banking industry, geographic market definitions havebeen the subject of considerable discussion in recent years.This paper utilizes a survey conducted by the National Federationof Independent Business Research Foundation in 2001. The surveyasked a variety of questions relating to American small businesses'experience with financial institutions, including a questionasking how many banks were in the market area where the smallfirm did most of its business. Using the zip code of the surveyrespondent, this answer was compared with the number of banksin the same county, in the same metropolitan area, or in thelocal banking market as defined by the Federal Reserve. Theresults show that both urban and rural markets as perceivedby small businesses are considerably smaller than markets asdefined by either the US Department of Justice or the FederalReserve.     

论银行公司治理制度的构建

在银行中,利益冲突的范围不同于实体经济中一般的工商企业,但是,一直以来银行的公司治理制度并没有给予银行中特别的利益冲突以特别关注。美国2007-2009年的金融危机表明,有必要调整和改革银行的公司治理结构。银行功能的社会公益性以及银行中特殊的利益冲突和其它的特点使得在构建银行的公司治理结构时,不能够简单地适用普通公司的治理模式,而要在股权治理、债权治理和监管治理之中寻求平衡。     

我国银行行政接管的法律诠释与制度完善

银行的业务模式具有天然的脆弱性和不稳定性。当一家银行发生严重危机时,考虑到银行服务的广泛性及特殊性,银行监管机构通常会对其实行行政接管,采取各项救助手段使其恢复正常经营,避免其走向行政关闭或司法破产的末路。目前,我国银行行政接管法律制度对于接管条件、救助手段、接管程序、接管权力等方面的规定均存在不足。结合我国银行业发展的现状,建议出台针对银行行政接管的专门规章,在银行行政接管的实施过程中,各政府部门应协调同步,司法部门应予以必要协助。