Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

科技成果评价体系中的知识产权保护问题

随着知识产权的重要性的日益凸现 ,有关知识产权的保护成为人们日益关心的问题。本文就我国现行的科技成果评价体系在知识产权保护方面存在的缺陷和不足进行分析 ,并提出一些完善科技成果评价体系加强知识产权保护的几点措施     

An evolutionary step in intellectual property rights – Artificial intelligence and intellectual property

This article addresses and analyses the issues concerning the ownership of computer generated works within patents and copyright, and concludes that the current regime is woefully inadequate to deal with the growing use of more and more intuitive artificial intelligence systems in the production of such works. It considers the respective claims of interested parties to such rights before moving on to a consideration of the creation of a new legal personality to which such rights could be granted to resolve the difficulties inherent in the current system.     

Wikitopia: Balancing intellectual property rights within open source research databases

Wiki “communities” based on the open access ideology allow any visitor to easily add, remove or edit content. However, there are a slew of ethics and policy challenges inherent in their use. Open source software developers are faced with the dilemma of openly sharing their intellectual property and prevent others from claiming proprietary rights from the code they freely shared to the public? Intellectual Property rights licensing, ironically, is the route by which open software developers have chosen to regulate their free code in cyberspace. Open source code is generally free on the surface; but in reality, it comes with obligations which are enforceable by law. Aside from the potential liability for intellectual property infringement, the use of open software raises competition law and tort liability issues. The European Union has developed the European Public License which is written in conformity with the copyright, product liability and consumer protection laws of the 27 member states. The EU Commission has also proposed a new Directive which will extend the principles of consumer protection rules to cover licensing agreements of products like software. This paper will address the various legal issues that may arise in open source community sharing.     

论房地产行业的知识产权保护

伴随着我国经济的不断发展,房地产业也在不断升温,随之而来各种新的问题。知识产权问题尤为严重,同时我国又缺乏相关的法规来解决这一问题。本文拟从房地产业的版权、传统文化、商标权等方面进行阐述。完善我国知识产权方面相关的法律制度。     

The interface between intellectual property rights and competition policy

This book is a collection of chapters written by a variety ofauthors with a single and coherent theme, as opposed to beinga series of essays. Although the emphasis of this book is primarilylaw and competition policy Drs Régibeau and Rockett ofEssex University, both well known for their excellent work inthis field, write eloquently about the economic implicationsof IP rights. Their chapter competes well with the writingsof Professor Landes and Judge Posner in their book The     

知识产权权利冲突及其解决原则

知识产权权利冲突是指同一知识产权客体在某种条件下同时归属于多个主体,它具有多种表现形式,并各有其特定的产生原因.解决这一问题需要依照保护在先权利原则、维护公平竞争原则、权利平衡原则等进行.     

Flexibility in the implementation of intellectual property rights in agricultural biotechnology

In this paper I discuss the fact that economists define optimal IP rights as a continuum of options in three dimensions: height, breadth and length. At the operational level we see the impossibility of multiplying rights indefinitely (due to prohibitive transaction costs), as well as the use of a limited number of IP tools which have led to the implementation of flexibilities. These flexibilities are designed to limit certain perverse effects of rights ill-adjusted to the characteristics of some economic sectors (agricultural biotechnologies, pharmacy, etc.). In this context, I analyse how these flexibilities are implemented in TRIPS and TRIPS+ agreements and I study the consequences for Developing Countries.     

规制知识产权滥用的法理与现实思考

一、何谓“权利滥用”和“知识产权滥用”(一)何谓“权利滥用”在罗马法上,具有深刻的个人主义的法权观念,出现了“行使自己的权利无论对于何人,皆非不法”的法谚。到了近代,由于自然法学派及自由主义、个人主义的兴起,“权利绝对”的思想形成。在法国大革命的《人权宣言》中,有“所有权不可侵犯性”和“财产权的绝对性”     

杂交种知识产权申请方式探讨

申请不同的知识产权,可获得不同的权利保护。符合植物新品种条件的杂交种亲本,应申请品种权。杂交种不是品种,是一种生产方法;不愿申请品种权,应申请生产方法发明专利权。对控制目标性状的目的基因,应申请基因发明专利权。     

生命形式知识产权的国别政策与选择

在WTO及其有关国际公约框架下 ,世界知识产权法有它的共同规则 ,但这种共同规划并不是没有弹性 ,没有一定程度的选择 ,不能谈判 ,在许多方面它是与国内法相妥协的产物。知识产权制度是经济与科技强国的制度 ,它既是工业化国家极力推行的结果 ,也是发展中国家谋求科技进步、经济发展的使然。它体现了一个国家进行现代化的决心和意志。但保护自己的权利与保护别人的权利是两个不同的概念 ,其中必须有某种互惠机制 ,这种互惠不仅仅在享受到某种权利所带来的福利与乐趣上 ,而且也体现在对自己科技和社会的潜在发展影响上 ,因此 ,这种强国的法…     

Legal origin and intellectual property rights: an empirical study in the prerecorded music sector

This article aims at identifying differences in copyright protection in prerecorded music markets, and more specifically the impact of the legal system on the demand for original music CDs. To this end, we use a panel of 28 OECD countries in the period 1999–2005. After testing alternative specifications, our results show that differences in legal origin lead to differences in intellectual property rights enforcement. Our results also consistent with previous studies that find that common law countries have more secure property rights.

Collaborative R&;D: intellectual property rights between Tsinghua University and multinational companies

Tsinghua University, one of the top universities in China, has conducted a lot of collaborative R&D projects with multinational companies in the recent years. One of tough issues in the collaborative R&D is to deal with the intellectual property rights. The Chinese Patent Law and other relevant laws make Tsinghua University to look for more intellectual property rights. Several factors such as the input from the collaborative parties, the property of R&D, the relation between the collaborative project and the activities of R&D made before, or to be made after, the collaboration, and the life and potential market of the technologies play an important rule in the treatment of Intellectual property rights. The different collaborative models have different models of the distribution of intellectual property rights between the University and multinational companies.      

全球化时代的知识产权犯罪及其防治

当今世界许多国家都在采取不断修订国内知识产权法和制定合适的知识产权保护政策等手段,以适应国际经济发展以及国际竞争的需要。本文分析了我国知识产权犯罪的现状和特点,并从知识产权自身的特点、我国的知识产权制度、经济、文化和法制等方面对我国的知识产权犯罪原因进行剖析,在此基础上提出我国知识产权犯罪的防治措施。     

知识产权犯罪侦查协作及其机制优化

知识产权犯罪在空间、时间等方面的行为特征,以及其侦查的特点,决定了开展侦查协作的必要性。我国目前的侦查协作体制下,知识产权犯罪侦查协作实践中存在诸如协作原则有欠缺、协作主体体系不科学、法治化程度低、协作手段单一等弊端。应当立足我国现行侦查协作体制的现状,对知识产权犯罪协作机制的进行优化:合理化重构知识产权犯罪的侦查协作认知、加强协作程序法治化、规范协作内容以及明确协作责任机制。     

市场经济应注重对知识产权的行政保护

市场经济是法治经济,应强化对知识产权的法律保护。而知识产权的行政保护以其特殊的保护方式在对知识产权的保护中越发彰显其独特的作用。因此,在目前及今后相当长的一段时间内,充分发挥知识产权行政保护的功能,不断完善知识产权行政保护的作用,是实现对知识产权进行充分法律保护的重要途径之一。