亚洲法研究:过去、现在与未来

亚洲法研究始于二十世纪五、六十年代的美国,其后在欧洲、亚洲国家陆续展开。存在两种主要的亚洲法研究进路,一是以"法律与发展理论"为代表的西方法律视角;一是基于亚洲法的内部立场。美国的"法律与发展理论"经历了三个阶段的发展历程,各个阶段有其自身的特征。亚洲的亚洲法研究始于日本,韩国、中国等国家也正逐步展开,但其也存在若干困难。未来的亚洲法研究需要亚洲国家加强合作以及建立起对亚洲法的身份认同。     

Making a Difference in Criminology: Past,Present, and Future

American Journal of Criminal Justice - Over the past century, criminology has evolved as both an applied and increasingly recognized scientific discipline. Although criminology has experienced a...     

宪政理念与宪法命运:中美第一部宪法比较分析

1787年制定的《美利坚合众国宪法》,既是美国的第一部宪法,也是近代世界的第部成文宪法。我们这里所要探讨的中国第一部宪法,则是指1923年制定的《中华民国法》。虽然,中国宪法起始于清末1903年的《钦定宪法大纲》及1911年颁布的《十九条》,辛亥革命发生后南京临时政府又颁布了《临时约法》,随后还有多种宪法性文件。〔但从立法意义上看,真正完成了宪法制定程序的只有1923年的《中华民国宪法》。因这部宪法可以算作是近代中国的第一部宪法。这部宪法之所以不被重视,是因为它伴着曹锟的总统贿选而产生,故有人将其称为“贿选宪法”,还有人称其…     

Afterword: The Past,Present, and Future of Applied Pretrial Publicity Research

Law and Human Behavior -     

执行时效性质的过去、现在与未来

从1982年《民事诉讼法(试行)》与1991年《民事诉讼法》之诉讼期限定性,到2007年《民事诉讼法》修正时时效之路开端,再到2015年《民诉法解释》出台时时效之路完成,我国执行时效制度终于脱胎换骨。但与此同时,执行时效与诉讼时效的趋同化也导致执行时效独特性和独立性的危机。本文建议取消执行时效概念,对于常规规则,以判决确认之请求权的诉讼时效在民法典诉讼时效部分作出规定,实现诉讼时效制度的统一化。当然,这并不影响《民事诉讼法》对极特殊规则作出规定。     

日本人权意识的过去、现在和将来

明治维新前夕就传入日本的天赋人权思想,并没有在明治宪法中得到体现。其后,日本的人权意识又经历了大正民主运动的脉动和法西斯主义的蹂躏,直到新宪法公布后,才真正开始“基本人权”的构建。但是由于社会转型的不彻底等原因,它并没有能够形成系统的思想,也没能得到全面的发展。进入20世纪60年代后,它虽然仍然受到保守的社会体制的压制,但在市民运动的推动下,终于出现了改善的契机以及追求“新的人权”的诉讼。     

香港民事诉讼制度改革之回顾与前瞻

香港的民事司法改革历时十年,彰显了民事司法理念的深度变迁,对民事司法制度的发展具有里程碑意义。新规则自2009年4月2日正式施行以来进展大致顺利,在克服诉讼拖延、促进和解、发展调解等方面取得了一定的成效,但改革终究不是一蹴而就的纸面化改造。在新制度与旧观念相互碰撞又各自发挥作用的时期,如欲推翻法律职业者乃至普通民众的思维定势,变革深埋于制度底层的文化样态,其中的困难同样是显而易见的。     

陪审请求权的中国进路:历史、现实与发展

人民陪审制是国家赋予国民的司法民主保障机制,而非可供法院选择的审判方式。陪审适用应当由法院职权本位向当事人权利本位转型。陪审请求权是当事人享有的关于案件第一审是否适用陪审及陪审程序如何具体建构的诉讼权利,具有程序性、自愿性和约束性。陪审请求权包括积极的陪审请求权与消极的陪审请求权、任意的陪审请求权与限制的陪审请求权、狭义的陪审请求权与广义的陪审请求权。应区分陪审制在不同性质案件中的具体功能定位,对当事人的陪审请求权及其行为要件予以差别化配置。着力提升人民陪审制的公信力,为陪审请求权提供充分的规范依据、程序保障和制度激励。     

“五四宪法”与当代中国宪政制度现代化——纪念“五四宪法”诞辰五十四周年

在当代中国宪政现代化的历史上,五四宪法无疑具有特殊重要的地位。从法制现代化的分析视角出发,反思五四宪法与当代中国宪政制度现代化之间的内在联结关系,分析五四宪法得以产生的社会基础,可以概括出五四宪法的伟大制度创新及其对当代中国社会主义宪政制度建设的伟大里程碑意义;客观分析出五四宪法所存在的制度缺陷及其对当代中国宪政现代化的影响;进而探讨五四宪法对于当代中国社会主义宪政国家建设和宪政制度现代化所具有的时代价值。     

Stepwise Progression: The Past,Present, and Possible Future of Empirical Research on Law in the United States and the United Kingdom

The article distinguishes empirical research on law from other modes of legal enquiry. It charts the changing fortunes of empirical research on law in the United States and the United Kingdom and accounts for the differences between them. In both countries, the development has been uneven and intermittent rather than gradual and linear, with a number of important differences in trajectories, in particular: the number of growth spurts; their timing; the present position; and whether the rise and fall of activity refers to research on civil and criminal justice or on civil justice alone. The different trajectories are explained in terms of path dependency (the fact that developments in the present are shaped by developments in the past); sequential development (emphasizing the importance of timing and that developments in one institution may be contingent on developments in another); and institutional responsiveness (an institution's capacity to respond to opportunities in its external environment).     

Mixed Messages in Bottles: the European Union,Devolution, and the Future of the Constitution

An unprecedented eleven‐member UK Supreme Court decided R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union on 24 January 2017. The Government's argument, that it could start the process of withdrawing from the EU using a prerogative power instead of an Act of Parliament, was comprehensively defeated by an 8:3 majority. However, the Government also secured a unanimous verdict that it did not need the consent from the devolved legislatures in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland before invoking Article 50 of the TEU. I explore the judicial argumentation in light of Philip Bobbitt's six modalities of constitutional argument, five of which feature, and one of which ought to have featured, in this seminal case.     

Constitutionalism Without Constitution: Transnational Elites Between Political Mobilization and Legal Expertise in the Making of a Constitution for Europe (1940s−1960s)

By exploring how early political investments in favor of a European Constitution have been turned into a legal enterprise to constitutionalize the European treaties, this article analyzes the changing role of legal elites in the genesis of a European transnational order. At first, legal activities of constitution-making were closely linked to military issues and political mobilizations; later, the legal work of constitutionalization took a different path as a result of the process of differentiation of the European field of power and of the internal and contradictory logics of a newly created legal institution, the European Court of Justice (ECJ). By reconstructing the constitutionalization process, this article highlights the various types of elites then competing for the early definition of a European transnational order and, in particular, the capitals and representations of legal agents in the making of a Constitution for Europe.     

The Common Law Constitution at Work: R (on the application of UNISON) v Lord Chancellor

This note considers the radical significance of Supreme Court's judgment in R (on the Application of UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (UNISON) on the unlawfulness of tribunal fees. It argues that the decision marks the coming of age of the ‘common law constitution at work’. The radical potential of UNISON lies in its generation of horizontal legal effects in disputes between private parties. Recent litigation on employment status in the ‘gig economy’ is analysed through the lens of UNISON and common law fundamental rights. The note identifies the various ways in which the common law tests of employment status might be ‘constitutionalised’ in the light of UNISON.     

A Report Card of the NGT at the End of Seven Years Since Establishment: The Present and Future Ahead

A concern toward environment protection has always been a topic of discussion in India. The impact of its preservation is such that it was a part of the election manifesto of leading political parties too. Bestowing such importance naturally gives rise to the question of its current state, i.e., whether preservation of environment has been successful or not. India known for its rock solid environment statutes lacked an expedient and effective redressal mechanism. After half-hearted attempts, it was the creation of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) that brought a ray of hope to the people that finally a much needed adjudicatory body was in place. The question that the author attempts to answer in the article is regarding the status of such an institution at the end of seven years of its existence, i.e., whether the NGT has achieved its desired purpose or not.