A Manifesto for Social Europe

The European Union is still far from having social legitimacy. The issue is indicative of a huge uncertainty about Social Europe. What is it? What are the principles of social justice behind it? In our view, a new social constitution of the European Union is needed. Political democratisation must be accompanied by the foundation of a social Europe. We argue that were the IGC to combine the Charter of The Fundamental Social Rights of Workers with the Maastricht Protocol on Social Policy, inserting both into the TEU, it would lay the legal foundations for a dynamic European social constitution; a Social Europe dedicated to the combating of social exclusion and the maintenance of solidarity.     

A Conception of Moral Rights and Its Application to Property and Welfare Rights*

Abstract
This article deals with the conceptual features and the rational justification of moral rights. For this purpose, the author starts with a common classification of rights, i.e., the distinction between rights in rem and rights in personam . He argues that rights of the first kind can be justified by a two-fold application of the principle of universalizability, while the latter are based on moral rules concerning special social relations, rules which themselves are founded on the principle of universalizability. This distinction, however, does not suffice to cover a further category of rights that play a very important role in social life, namely the rights of community membership, i.e., the particular rights that exist between the members of a social community. These rights cannot be derived from universalizability alone, but, instead, are based on the idea of social justice. This paper provides a short account of the main principles of social justice, and tries to apply them to property and welfare rights.     

The Law and the Constitution: Manifesto of the Progressive Party

This paper analyses the argument of Jennings' path-breaking work, The Law and the Constitution , and assesses its importance. The argument of the paper is that a basic tension runs through the evolving work: between celebrating the democratic nature of the contemporary constitution whilst expressing certain concerns about democracy's potential implications. This is a tension that Jennings was never able satisfactorily to resolve. The Law and the Constitution nevertheless remains a landmark text, especially in reminding lawyers of the need to look to the social and economic explanations for constitutional change. Although the constitution Jennings was writing about has altered, his public law method of examining the purpose for which public power is acquired before reflecting on desirable constraints remains of value today.     

Punishment and Welfare:

This paper will attempt to situate the current discourse on 'crack pregnancies' within the context of a broader regulatory discourse.' It will argue that defining and locating state intervention solely within the confines of formal legal discourse not only privileges the criminal law, but (1) occludes recognition of the ways in which regulation and control are effected by administrative law and welfare policy and (2) fails to specify the role of the welfare state in the construction and reproduction of dominant cultural norms of womanhood and mothering. The paper draws on feminist literature and fieldwork-in-progress to suggest that many of these women are already subject to substantial mechanisms of social control and cultural reproduction. In concluding, it is suggested that the construction of this debate to date has served to deflect attention away from the fissures of gender, race and class that render these women's lives as publicly problematic.     

知识产权通则:立法进程中的一种尝试

在中国知识产权的立法进程中,存在“单行立法”、“一般性规定”和“法典化”三种进路,它们基本上沿袭了世界上既有的知识产权三种立法模式。“单行立法”模式容易导致条文之间的矛盾、冲突与重复,“一般性规定”模式面临着逻辑上和实践中的困难。在中国语境下,“法典化”具有一种比较优势,但不具有现实性。在此基础上,本文提出了制定一部知识产权通则的构想。     

Spousal Violence Among Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union—General Population and Welfare Recipients

This study examines psychological and marital risk factors of 322 immigrant FSU couples in Israel. The research focuses on two populations: the general immigrant population and the welfare immigrant population; the latter group is comprised of couples treated in welfare service departments. The dependent variable is spousal violence. The independent variables are: education level, gender, symbolic loss, psychological adjustment (both positive and negative emotions) and the “cultural–familial gap”. Surprisingly, it was found that the welfare immigrant population reports less spousal violence than the regular immigrant population. In addition, a correlation was found between spousal violence and the following factors: higher education, lower level of psychological adjustment and greater familial-cultural gap between the country of origin and Israel. The discussion focuses on the characteristics of FSU immigrants—educational level and orientation towards cultural preservation—within the Israeli context that connects to psychological responses which, in turn, creates spousal violence.     

《共产党宣言》法理探秘

《共产党宣言》是人类文明史上的法理宝库。马克思恩格斯立足于唯物史观,解开了他们那个时代个人权利、社会体系、法律制度、国家政权、国际关系等人类社会现象深处的法理密码。《宣言》所揭示的运转于资本主义社会的资本逻辑是人的本质的颠倒,只有推翻资本逻辑才能重建人的本质,而这正是共产主义运动和无产阶级革命的法理所在。《宣言》提出的“自由人联合体”命题是重建人的本质的起点,也是重建新时代新世界的法理体系的开端。     

论人格物与一般人格权的内在契合

人格物是一种新型物质形态,因其凸显人格利益而明显区别于普通之物,司法解释和实践已为人格物的确立及规则完善提供了良好的基础,并确立了透过物之形态实现人格利益的特殊保护机制。但人格物所蕴含的人格利益并不为法定化的具体人格权所包容,经检视与探寻,若能在未来中国民法典中确立一般人格权这一开放性的人格权制度,则人格物救济的请求权基础当从一般人格权条款中得到合理支持,以补充传统民法理论于此规范之不足。相应地,人格物理论与制度体系的建构将为一般人格权的发展提供新的素材并促进一般人格权制度的现代发展。     

Welfare Reform: Prescription for Abuse? A Report on New Research Studies Documenting the Relationship of Domestic Violence and Welfare

Anecdotally, welfare‐to‐work programs have documented that domestic violence serves as a welfare‐to‐work barrier by partners' interference with education, training and work, or by physical or mental trauma which also prevents employment. Four new research studies, which, although using different methods, including random and nonrandom surveys of welfare caseloads and random neighborhood surveys, document high and remarkably consistent prevalence of domestic violence within welfare caseloads. Although much more needs to be known, the prevalence of domestic violence in these women's lives requires specific domestic violence‐sensitive welfare policies lest women become injured during the welfare‐to‐work process.     

国际奥委会知识产权概览

随着我国成功地获得第29届奥林匹克运动会的主办权,与奥运会密切相关的奥林匹克知识产权也逐渐走进人们的视野。以奥林匹克标志使用许可为核心的市场开发和以奥运会广播电视信号许可使用为重点的电视转播,成为奥运会财政收入的两大主要来源。因此,国际奥委会对保护其所享有的知识产权非常重视。本文作者根据其多年的奥运会法律事务工作经验,通过选取几个重点,高屋建瓴、深入浅出地介绍了奥林匹克知识产权的内涵以及奥林匹克知识产权保护背后的一些推理及预期结果。本文译者将其予以翻译,以期对于我国奥林匹克知识产权的保护与发展有所借鉴。     

遵循与超越:对知识产权法与财产法原则的比较分析

知识产权法的基本价值观和目的主要表现为在调整与智力成果相关的法律关系中体现效率与公平 ;效率与公平理念将贯穿在知识产权法原则的始终。     

Social Justice in European Contract Law: a Manifesto

The Study Group on Social Justice in European Private Law are: Gert Brüggemeier (Bremen), Mauro Bussani (Trieste), Hugh Collins (London), Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (Bremen), Giovanni Comandé (Pisa), Muriel Fabre-Magnan (Nantes), Stefan Grundmann (Berlin), Martijn Hesselink (Amsterdam) (Chairman), Christian Joerges (Florence), Brigitta Lurger (Graz), Ugo Mattei (Torino), Marisa Meli (Catania), Jacobien Rutgers (Amsterdam), Christoph Schmidt (Florence), Jane Smith (Bremen), Ruth Sefton-Green (Paris), Horatia Muir Watt (Paris), Thomas Wilhelmsson (Helsinki).     

Cohabitants, Property and the Law: A Study of Injustice

With cohabitation outside marriage becoming increasingly common, the law's response to the problems that arise on separation has become a key issue for public and family policy. This article draws upon the findings of a qualitative empirical study of how property disputes are handled when cohabitants separate. It argues that the unfairness of the current law is best understood as stemming from a failure to recognise the situation that arises as one of unjust enrichment. It shows that the complexity and unpredictability of the law make it difficult to bargain effectively in the shadow of the law. It suggests that the need for reform goes beyond the introduction of a discretionary regime, such as that proposed by the Law Commission, to reform of conveyancing and property law and practice to facilitate initial, as well as post-separation private ordering.     

环境公益诉讼的另类视角:自然物种诉讼

自然权利的讨论必然要反映在对诉讼法的冲击上,即是否考虑自然物种对其所享有的权利而具有诉讼资格以及如何实现他们的诉权等。这导致美国、日本的法院进行了一些审判上的尝试。虽然自然物种诉讼在理论上还需要法理学和诉讼法学的突破,在实践中还处于探索状态,但自然物种诉讼在环境公益的保护上仍然具有重要的意义。自然物种诉讼的基本框架包括:自然物种诉讼是公益诉讼的一种表现形式;自然物种诉讼要在赋予自然物种诉讼资格和防止恶意诉讼之间保证一种平衡;自然物种诉讼的实施机制是代物诉讼。     

Constitutional Rights and Social Welfare: A Comment on the Canadian Chaoulli Health Care Decision

Chaoulli v Quebec (A.G . ) may be the most controversial Supreme Court of Canada decision to date. The Court used social science evidence of foreign health care systems to justify its finding that a provincial ban on private health care insurance unjustifiably violated the right to security of the person. The decision could lead to fundamental structural changes in the way Canadian provinces deliver health care services. Given the importance of Charter jurisprudence in the United Kingdom, and recent debate about the wisdom of incorporating social rights, the case raises a number of pertinent issues for British lawyers. This comment advances two general arguments. First, that the case was wrongly decided because of its poor characterisation of the legislative objective of the ban, unprincipled approach to judicial deference, and poor treatment of expert and social science evidence. Second, far from justifying suspicion of constitutional social rights, the case illustrates precisely why such rights can make a positive difference.     

福利社会与发展中的斯堪的纳维亚福利国家

欧洲各国致力于福利国家的建设已逾百年,经历了两次世界大战.各国在社会投入水平和福利机构方面的巨大差异至今仍在,但是各国对于福利社会的可持续性的认可和公众对福利社会的高度承诺则是基本一致的.各福利社会有来自各方面的维系:中央政府或地方政府、公司企业、家庭和自发组织的机构.不同的福利社会体系与它们之间的关系长期以来对欧洲各福利国家有着不同的意义,形成了具有不同特点的福利制度.在20世纪最后十年里重建福利国家的痛苦过程中,经济增长和社会发展之间的关系一直是整个斯堪的纳维亚地区社会问题的争论热点.然而到目前为止,效率与平等之间的冲突大多得到了解决,在北欧五国都保持了福利政策的稳定.该地区独特的历史经验并不排斥发展中国家的政府和机构为了发展福利事业而积极推行普及政策所做出的努力.