The spirits of capitalism and socialism

The World Values Survey contains an item on ownership which is polled 200 times in 92?countries at the four waves of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. These polls are developed into the CS-score that measures the aggregate mass support for capitalism and socialism. Four hypotheses are advanced and tested to explain the wide variation in the 200 CS-scores. It is due to: the cross-country distribution of income, and consequently the West stands out as the most capitalist-minded area of the world; institutions of the country such as legal quality; the left-right dimension in politics; and cultural differences.     

The discourse of 19th-century French liberal socialism

ABSTRACT

This article analyses late 19th-century French liberal socialist syntheses of liberty and equality, building on the existing body of literature on liberal socialism to illustrate the influence of the non-Marxist left on its development through a focus on the work of the Radical, Célestin Bouglé, and the Socialists, Benoît Malon and Charles Andler. The analysis of these thinkers demonstrates the ideological similarities of liberal socialisms of thinkers hailing from both the non-Marxist left and the new liberalism. A concluding section suggests that liberal socialism offers social democrats and progressive liberals an ideological heritage from which to pose a radical alternative to contemporary forms of neoliberalism.     

Democracy and socialism

This paper shows that Marx's theory of agricultural rent is not an adjunct to his theory of capital at the level of distribution but is inseparably developed from it. The forms of differential and absolute rent are shown to correspond to the formation of market value and price of production in the agricultural sector respectively, these in turn depending upon the barriers posed by landed property to intensive and extensive cultivation. In appendices, Marx' critique of Ricardo's theory of rent, differential rent on the worst land, a critique of other interpretations of Marx, and the ‘historical transformation problem’ are each considered briefly.     

社会主义正在沿着两条轨道推进

当今社会主义正在沿着社会主义国家的正面轨道和发达资本主义国家的侧面轨道同时推进;而同一过程的另外一面,就是资本主义正在以两种不同方式走向灭亡;当今社会主义和资本主义之间既互相竞争或斗争,也相互学习借鉴;社会主义国家应当善于借鉴别国,以加快发展自己。     

The capitalism/socialism debate in East Asia

is producer and presenter of a weekly television summary of business in the Hong Kong legislature.     

Democracy,creeping socialism,and ideological socialism in rent-seeking societies

Rent-seeking societies suffer from a serious distortion of incentives. Incentives to engage in distributional struggles, to seek contrived transfers are strong, but incentives to engage in productive work are too weak. Stagnation and some unemployment should be expected. Long lasting democracies within unchanged borders create a permissive environment for rent-seeking. The provision of rents very much depends on government. The stronger the governmental involvement in the economy, the higher social security spending, the more rents the government is likely to generate. Therefore, creeping socialism understood as increased government control of the economy should reinforce the rent-seeking society and the corresponding negative effects on growth and employment. Whether such creeping socialism is backed by ideological socialism or not should make little difference for growth or employment. These ideas have been tested and partially supported by a 19 nation sample of industrial democracies, using data from the sixties and seventies. By and large, the rent-seeking approach is fairly successful in explaining national differences in economic growth rates, but receives ambiguous support or less for unemployment. Olson's (1982, 1983) proposition about the negative impact of long lasting democracy within unchanged borders on economic growth is much better supported than the growth-retarding effects of government revenues or social security spending are.     

Cyber operations and useful fools: the approach of Russian hybrid intelligence

This article argues that Russian intelligence has achieved recent success in influencing democratic elections and referenda by combining the traditional Human Intelligence (HUMINT) discipline of manipulating useful fools with cutting edge cyber tactics, including hacking, phishing, social engineering, and weaponizing purloined information. This essay further argues that this synthesis yields greater effects than the sum of its parts. Given its potency, democracies and NATO members should expect to confront this type of threat more often. The 2016 American presidential election is used as a case study to conceptualize Russian hybrid intelligence, a new term reminiscent of Soviet ‘complex active measures’ and updated for the twenty-first century.     

列宁晚年社会主义思想浅析

十月革命胜利以后,列宁带领新生的苏维埃政权抵抗住了内外敌人的绞杀,并开始了社会主义建设道路的探索。列宁的社会主义构想以及他对实现社会主义道路的探索,是从实践出发,用实践来纠正自己的不正确的思想。它对社会主义国家探索适合本国国情的社会主义建设道路始终具有重要的指导意义。     

建设社会主义核心价值体系的路径选择

建设社会主义核心价值体系具有重要的实践意义。推进社会主义核心价值体系建设,必须大力推进理论创新;开展社会主义核心价值体系的宣传活动;用社会主义核心价值体系引领各种社会思潮;把社会主义核心价值体系贯穿于社会主义现代化建设的各个方面;坚持从青少年抓起;完善规范约束,促进行为规范的养成;加强调查研究。     

中国特色社会主义理论体系形成和发展的历史经验

对时代主题的深刻把握是中国特色社会主义理论体系形成和发展的时代背景;毛泽东社会主义建设思想对中国特色社会主义理论体系形成和发展起到了奠基性作用;马克思主义思想路线为中国特色社会主义理论体系形成和发展提供了哲学指导;改革开放为中国特色社会主义理论体系形成和发展提供了实践舞台;中国特色社会主义理论体系是一个不断丰富和发展的体系。     

The economistic fallacy and forms of integration under and after socialism

Abstract

The concept of ‘the economistic fallacy’, theorized most elaborately in a posthumous work, is central to the entire oeuvre of Karl Polanyi – and to its endemic ambiguities. While previous discussion has focused on capitalist and pre-capitalist societies, this paper explores the alleged fallacy in a socialist framework. Drawing on field-work in a village on the Great Plain, it is argued that the Hungarian variety of ‘market socialism’ brought about a successful balance between the Polanyian ‘forms of integration’, in a conjuncture which stimulated household accumulation and promoted the interests of the rural population as a whole. Since the demise of socialism, this balance has been lost. A renewed economistic fallacy can be detected in the era of neo-liberal capitalism, but in Hungary the scope for household accumulation has greatly diminished, and the high price paid by the countryside is reflected in reactionary political movements. Polanyi sometimes fell into the trap of an anti-market, ‘collectivistic fallacy’. However, if the economistic fallacy was dominant in the ‘nineteenth-century consciousness’ which he lambasted, the twentieth century demonstrated the inadequacy of Marxist-Leninist-Maoist alternatives in their purist forms. The Hungarian case exemplifies the more general challenge: how to institutionalize substantivist mixed economies which allow individuals and households appropriate space for ‘economistic’ behaviour in markets to meet some of their needs, without indulging the fantasy that reduces human motivations to utility maximization and socio-cultural complexity to a generalized market rationality.     

社会主义新时期人民内部矛盾研究

本文以毛泽东《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》从关于人民内部矛盾的基本理论研究着手,分析了社会主义新时期人民内部矛盾表现出的新特点。紧贴实际,详细解读了当前几类较为突出的人民内部矛盾以及成因。最后以联系、运动变化以及矛盾的辩证分析法,尝试提出解决人民内部矛盾的方法。     

毛泽东社会主义核心价值观的形成发展

毛泽东社会主义核心价值观,是在跨越＂战争与革命＂以及＂和平与发展＂两个时代主题下,围绕着怎样＂建设一个新世界＂,尤其是为了＂谁＂和为了＂什么＂建设一个新世界而逐步建构起来的。毛泽东对社会主义核心价值观的艰辛探索,其形成发展过程可分为三个阶段。     

社会主义在中国的实践及历史唯物主义的反思

概述社会主义在中国的实践,论述了中国选择社会主义制度的必然性;以辩证唯物主义的基本方法揭示了社会主义与资本主义的本质区别,反思了历史唯物主义的合理性及精髓;并针对人的全面发展、民主政治、人文精神等若干理论热点、焦点进行解析与解读。