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R. Alan Thompson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1997,12(1):61-69
On January 1, 1996, a new law took effect in Texas granting certain state citizens the privilege to carry a concealed handgun
on their person for the first time since 1871. As a result of this dramatic shift in state law, Texas is now among the growing
number of states across the nation who have adopted similar statutory provisions in one form or another. While at least one
empiricals study of citizen’s attitudes toward concealed handgun ownership was conducted prior to the law’s effective date,
no similar efforts were undertakens to assess the beliefs, perceptions and attitudes of the state’s law enforcement officers
about this important social policy. The present study was therefore undertaken in response to the lack of serious attention
which the issue of concealed handgun ownership among private citizens has received as it directly relates to the law enforcement
profession. Subjects for this study (N=327) were drawn from four Texas law enforcement agencies representing various organizational
sizes and missions. While the responses of officers who participated in the study indicate optimism about the law’s potential
to deter various types of crime, they also reflect a certain degree of concerns about concealed handgun ownership among private
citizens especially as this policy directly relates to perceive inadequacies in statemandated requirements and issues affecting
officer safety. 相似文献
3.
Although scholars and law enforcement administrators have provided input on how local law enforcement is responding to various forms of computer crime and how officers perceive of it, patrol officers have been rarely surveyed to understand their perceptions of computer crime. Examining officer perceptions is vital considering that patrol officers are being asked to be more effective first responders to digital forensic crime scenes as a critical step in combating computer crimes at the local level. This study therefore addressed this gap by surveying patrol officers in two southeastern cities regarding their perceptions of computer crime, specifically regarding its uniqueness, offenders and targets, and seriousness and frequency in comparison to traditional forms of crime. Results indicated that many officers do not have strong opinions on several aspects of computer crime. However, they perceive it to be a serious problem and consider some computer crimes to be as serious as traditional forms of crime. 相似文献
4.
Stan Shernock Ph.D. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1998,13(2):87-99
This paper is about the meaning of police officers' support for the traditional socialization model of the quasi-military
stress academy and its effects on their attitudes toward outsiders and non-law enforcement functions. More specifically, it
examines consequences of quasi-military training on attitudes toward civilians in police departments, on serving minority
groups and the community, and on criticality ratings of job functions such as mediation, crime prevention and community policing.
Based on part of a larger job task survey conducted under the auspices of a state criminal justice training council, it includes
over 70 percent of all patrol officers and their first-line supervisors in a rural New England state. 相似文献
5.
Police attitudes towards partner violence against women (PVAW) can play an important role in their evaluation and responses to this type of violence. The present study aims to examine ambivalent sexism and empathy as determinants of male police officers' law enforcement attitudes towards PVAW. The study sample was composed by 404 male police officers. Results suggested that male police officers scoring low in benevolent sexism expressed a general preference for unconditional law enforcement (i.e. regardless of the victim's willingness to press charges against the offender), whereas those scoring high in benevolent sexism expressed a preference for conditional law enforcement (i.e. depending on the willingness of the victim to press charges against the offender). Results also showed that police officers scoring high in empathy and low in hostile sexism were those who expressed a general preference for unconditional law enforcement. The presence of sexist attitudes and low levels of empathy among some police officers, and their influence on law enforcement attitudes, highlights not only the importance of specific training, but also the need to pay attention to the selection process of police officers dealing with PVAW. 相似文献
6.
Vivian B. Lord 《Journal of criminal justice》1996,24(6):503-522
Community-based policing requires a radically different philosophical and organizational approach from the more traditional approach to policing. Stress may be experienced during organizational change as areas of responsibility and roles are altered. This study had three primary objectives: to identify (1) the areas officers and their immediate supervisors actually consider stressful, (2) the officers' and supervisors' responses to stress, and (3) the influence of their social support systems on these responses. Data were collected from community coordinators, radio response officers, and sergeants of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department in North Carolina. The officers and sergeants report specific physiological responses, lack of job involvement, and propensity to leave law enforcement; all responses that are considered by the literature to be related to stress. Stressors that are both common in law enforcement in general and stressors unique to a department implementing community policing are found to be significant. Work social support does appear to affect the level of job involvement of the officers. The finding that sergeants do not appear to feel that they have work social support may be working to the detriment of their ability to cope with stress and their willingness to be involved with their job. 相似文献
7.
Moon B Maxwell SR 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2004,48(6):729-743
The correctional goal in South Korea has recently changed from the straightforward punishment of inmates to rehabilitation. Currently, emphases are being placed on education, counseling, and other treatment programs. These changes have consequently begun to also change the corrections officers' roles from a purely custodial role to a human service role, in which officers are expected to manage rehabilitation and treatment programs. Despite these changes, few studies have examined the attitudes of corrections officers toward rehabilitation programming. This is an important dimension to examine in rehabilitation programming, as corrections officers play a major role in the delivery of institutional programs. This study examines the attitudes of South Korean corrections officers toward rehabilitation programs. Approximately 430 corrections officers were sampled. Results show that correctional attitudes are largely influenced by not only officers' own motivations for joining corrections but also by institutional factors such as job stress. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Police-probation partnerships have increased in recent years, but evaluations of such partnerships are rare. Particularly within probation agencies, such partnerships can be perceived as an abandonment of service responsibilities in favor of enforcing the law against probationers, but the views of police officers involved in these partnerships have not been examined in the past. The current study began this process by examining the perceptions of law enforcement officers in Texas. In particular, the following questions were addressed: (1) whether they experience role conflict or role ambiguity, (2) how they perceive the effectiveness of partnerships, and (3) how they evaluate the impact of partnerships on crime reduction. Three partnership patterns were identified using cluster analysis. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between the extent of partnerships and the perceptions of law enforcement officers on the partnerships. The policy implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
9.
We evaluated a community prosecution program in Dallas, Texas. City attorneys, who in Dallas are the chief prosecutors for specified misdemeanors, were paired with code enforcement officers to improve property conditions in a number of proactive focus areas, or PFAs, throughout the city. We conducted a panel data analysis, focusing on the effects of PFA activity on crime in 19 PFAs over a six-year period (monthly observations from 2010 to 2015). Control areas with similar levels of pre-intervention crime were also included. Statistical analyses controlled for pre-existing crime trends, seasonality effects, and other law enforcement activities. With and without dosage data, the total crime rate decreased in PFA areas relative to control areas. City attorney/code enforcement teams, by seeking the voluntary or court-ordered abatement of code violations and criminal activity at residential and commercial properties, apparently improved public safety in targeted areas. 相似文献
10.
Alice Hutchings 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2014,62(1):1-20
This paper examines a predominantly Australian sample of computer crime offenders involved in fraud and/or unauthorised access. This paper focuses on the extent to which offenders are involved in organised crime, the nature of the relationship between co-offending, initiation and knowledge transmission, and how the online environment facilitates organised crime and co-offending. This qualitative analysis draws from interviews with self-identified offenders, law enforcement officers who investigate these offenses, and court documents, providing a unique understanding of organised crime involving computer systems. 相似文献
11.
While most correctional officers adhere to the highest level of professionalism, some engage in institutional deviance during the course of their eight-hour shifts. In the present study, we administered 501 self-report questionnaires to correctional officers within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Respondents who reported that their supervisors were not supportive tended to admit to higher levels of institutional deviance than their peers, though peer support did not contribute to correctional officer deviance. Additionally, respondents who perceived their jobs to be less dangerous than other officers were more likely to have attitudes that were conducive to institutional deviance. Moreover, a perception of deviance among others also helped ‘normalize’ these acts in the prison setting and contributed to more favorable attitudes toward institutional deviance by correctional officers. Theory X and Theory Y is used to explain the lack of supervisory support that leads to institutional deviance among correctional officers. These findings have important policy implications toward reducing deviance among correctional officers, thereby making prison facilities safer and more secure. 相似文献
12.
This study examined the relationship between sheriff law enforcement officers' characteristics and their use of force. Official records were utilized to collect data on the sworn law enforcement officers of the Florida Polk County Sheriff's Office and their self-reported use of force for 1999. The findings of this study indicated that White, male law enforcement officers, thirty-five years of age or younger, with less than 145 months of service, and assigned to patrol duties were more likely to resort to the use of force. Given that sheriff law enforcement officers are an integral part of policing, it is recommended that more studies be conducted of the use of force by these public officials. 相似文献
13.
An important yet poorly understood function of law enforcement organizations is the role they play in distilling and transmitting the meaning of legal rules to frontline law enforcement officers and their local communities. In this study, we examine how police and sheriff's agencies in California collectively make sense of state hate crime laws. To do so, we gathered formal policy documents called “hate crime general orders” from all 397 police and sheriff's departments in the state and conducted interviews with law enforcement officials to determine the aggregate patterns of local agencies' responses to higher law. We also construct a “genealogy of law” to locate the sources of the definitions of hate crime used in agency policies. Despite a common set of state criminal laws, we find significant variation in how hate crime is defined in these documents, which we attribute to the discretion local law enforcement agencies possess, the ambiguity of law, and the surplus of legal definitions of hate crime available in the larger environment to which law enforcement must respond. Some law enforcement agencies take their cue from other agencies, some follow statewide guidelines, and others are oriented toward gaining legitimacy from national professional bodies or groups within their own community. The social mechanisms that produce the observed clustering patterns in terms of approach to hate crime law are mimetic (copying another department), normative (driven by professional standards about training and community social movement pressure), and actuarial (affected by the demands of the crime data collection system). Together these findings paint a picture of policing organizations as mediators between law‐on‐the‐books and law‐in‐action that are embedded in interorganizational networks with other departments, state and federal agencies, professional bodies, national social movement organizations, and local community groups. The implications of an interorganizational field perspective on law enforcement and implementation are discussed in relation to existing sociolegal research on policing, regulation, and recent neo‐institutional scholarship on law. 相似文献
14.
Suman Kakar 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2003,18(1):45-56
This study examines whether police officers' race is associated with their performance of duties and delivery of services.
Using self-report survey methodology, officers of three different races (African-American, White, and Hispanic) evaluated
their performance on forty dimensions of their work. The results indicate that race is not a significant factor in officers'
self-assessments. However, the results indicated that officers with some college education and college degree (irrespective
of the race) report themselves performing better on several dimensions of their work than officers with no college education.
Author's Note: Suman Kakar, Ph.D., is Associate Profess or at Florida International University, College of Health and Urban Affairs. University
Park Campus, Miami, FL 33199. 相似文献
15.
This study examined police officer attitudes toward their work in an effort to determine whether a three-stage model of career development has utility in broadening the understanding of police officers' commitment to their work. One-hundred-sixty-four officers were surveyed using a variety of measures of work commitment including: affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment; job involvement; Protestant work ethic; and career commitment. Data were also collected on officer intentions to remain with—and their perceptions of conditions under which they might leave—their current agencies. Results showed support for a two-stage rather than the traditional three-stage model of career development, with the trial stage being uniquely different from later career stages. The findings are discussed in light of the applicability of career-stage research to the law enforcement profession. 相似文献
16.
AbstractPolicymakers, school officials and the law enforcement community have expanded legal tools and other strategies to address bullying in recent years. This has resulted in a larger and more challenging role for law enforcement officers working in school settings. The present study seeks to understand the ways in which local law enforcement officers interpret this new role and their efforts to prevent and respond to bullying. We draw upon Routine Activities Theory as a lens to view officer perceptions of promoting guardianship and reducing target suitability of young people most at-risk for bullying victimization. Data collected from qualitative interviews of law enforcement officers working with local schools, suggest that officers see a role for law enforcement in promoting guardianship around this health and safety concern, but recognize the limitations of using arrest authority. They emphasize promoting trust and building relationship in efforts to support potential and current bullying victims. 相似文献
17.
Dale Richard Buchanan 《Journal of criminal justice》1985,13(6):561-572
Police student officers' attitudes towards domestic disputes following family-crisis-intervention training are analyzed. A total of 359 student officers from fourteen training classes participated in the study. The most dramatic improvement in attitudes was observed in officers' perceptions of disputants and in their perceptions of domestic disturbance calls. The study also investigated the attitudes of student officers toward organizational policy, training, and community relations. Student officers' attitudes significantly improved in thirty-one of fifty-one items (p < .05). In general, the changes in attitudes demonstrated that the family-crisis-intervention program did affect the attitudes of student officers in the predicted direction of change. Following training, student officers were more likely to view domestic disputes as legitimate police business and more likely to believe that their actions could influence families in crisis and that people in crisis both want, and will benefit from, assistance. It is concluded that crisis-intervention training appears to be responsible for the change in officer attitudes and that family-crisis training should be included in the curriculums of police training academies. 相似文献
18.
Lori H. Colwell PhD Holly A. Miller Rowland S. Miller Phillip M. Lyons Jr 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(5):489-503
Abstract The current study surveyed a random sample of Texas law enforcement officers (n?=?109) about their knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception. The officers were not highly knowledgeable about this topic, overall performing at a chance level in assessing how various behavioral cues relate to deception. Confidence in one's skill was unrelated to accuracy, and officers who reported receiving the most training and utilizing these skills more often were more confident but no more accurate in their knowledge of the behaviors that typically betray deception. The authors compare these results to previous studies that have examined officers’ beliefs in other countries and discuss the implication of these results in terms of developing future training programs that may debunk the common misconceptions that officers possess. 相似文献
19.
Jill A. Gordon 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1999,24(1):81-93
Correctional staff are a vital part of an inmate’s institutional experience. Prior research suggests interaction between staff
and inmates may be a function of worker attitudes toward crime and punishment. The current study examines attitudes about
crime causation and punishment by surveying correctional staff members at a single-purpose juvenile treatment center. Correctional
officers and treatment personnel exhibit different levels of support for rehabilitative ideals. Organizational ramifications
stemming from these divergent outlooks are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Rebecca M. Pasillas Victoria M. Follette Suzanne E. Perumean-Chaney 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2006,21(1):41-53
Law enforcement officers experience a variety of stressors because of their police work responsibilities. The use of avoidance
coping in order to cope with emotions, thoughts, and memories of traumatic or stressful events may explain increases in occupational
stress and poorer psychological functioning. In this study, avoidance coping, occupational stress, and psychological distress
were assessed in law enforcement officers. The sample was majority Caucasian, male, and married with a mean of 12.4 years
of law enforcement experience. Results indicated that participants reported high levels of psychological distress as compared
to an adult male non-patient sample. The use of avoidant coping was associated with higher levels of organizational stress.
Additionally, a predictor of psychological distress was the use of avoidant coping strategies and high levels of occupational
stress, respectively. Implications of these findings concerning the role of workplace acceptance in a law enforcement setting
are discussed.
Authors’ Note: Significant institutional support was provided by the police administration to conduct this study. The authors would like
to thank all of the police officers that took their time to participate in this study. This study was funded by a fellowship
from the Jim Mikawa Ethnic Minority Fund. Data collection was provided by Rebecca M. Pasillas. Natalie M. Rice. Kathleen M.
Palm. Leah, M. Leonard, and Lindsay Gray. 相似文献