Reorganizing for National Security and Homeland Security

This article considers the post–September 11 challenges faced by the U.S. national security machinery and analyzes the relationship between the new threat environment, the United States's role in the world, and decision–making structure. Homeland security is defined as a subset of national security. The threat of foreign terrorist organizations acting on U.S. soil should be seen in the political context of the pursuit of U.S. national interests in an often anarchic world. Two models for homeland security organizational structures are considered: a departmental model and an interagency model. The interagency model, embodied in the Homeland Security Council, is a better fit given the nature of the threat, the crucial need for coordination, and the realities of governmental decision making. The organizational challenges that may complicate the government's preparations, decisions, and implementation of a major homeland defense mission stem from three rivalries: executive–legislative, cabinet–staff, and Homeland Security Council–National Security Council.     

National Security and Minerals

The term “national security” evolved from a nation possessing military might to predominantly having a secure national economy. Beteen those two aspects lie other factors that contribute to a nation＇s security. Minerals have been part of national se, curity strategy since the need for security was felt by nations. Especially military, economic, and environmental security has been factors that have driven mineral demand. On the other hand, mining and minerals have often been the cause of national security alerts. This paper would represent economic security as being reliant on minerals and will highlight economic security as the key driver that activates other security issues today. It will go on to discuss how minerals have also been affected by national security problems, such as the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, minerals have also been the cause for national security problems.     

The Freedom of Expression in Global Perspective

This paper presents recent events including the Danish cartoon crisis occasion—a re-examination of John Stuart Mill’s argument for freedom of expression. Despite the appeal of liberalism, Mill’s philosophy had from the start been subject to intense criticism. The rise of political Islam opens a new phase in the debate; the difficulties pointed out by Mill’s critics are indicative of the obstacles that liberalism still faces.

限制表达自由的原则

表达自由是许多国家的宪法性法律和国际人权条约及地区性人权条约承认和保护的基本人权。本文讨论了政府在限制表达自由的时候需要遵循的几项原则,即合法、合目的性、需要和合比例及中立等原则。同时指出,这些原则也构成对政府限制表达自由的限制。     

在总体国家安全观指导下健全国家安全体系

近年来,我国不但在整体上"初步构建了国家安全体系主体框架",而且在理论、制度、战略、法治等方面也已初步形成相应体系,但要将"国家安全体系主体框架"推进到更加完善的"国家安全体系",最终建成一个科学完善的国家安全体系,还需要国家安全研究者和实践者进行大量深入细致的工作,扎扎实实地研究国家安全体系中的每一个要素、每一个因素、每一项措施、每一种活动、每一个概念、每一种观点、每一个问题、每一个细节。只有这样深入细致地研究下去,才能使国家安全体系越来越健全、越来越完善。     

邓小平国家安全思想对习近平总体国家安全观的启示

邓小平综合国家安全思想与习近平总体国家安全观呈一脉相承、与时俱进的源流关系。邓小平立足中国、放眼世界探索国家安全战略思想,顺应综合国力竞争的新趋势提出综合国家安全战略思想,正确运用马克思主义哲学的世界观和方法论确立科学的国家安全战略,科学处理国家安全与国家发展的关系,在实践中推动中国国家安全战略思想与时俱进,创新发展,对习近平总体国家安全观具有丰富而深刻的启示和借鉴意义。     

National Security, Terrorism and Constitutional Balance

The 'war on terrorism' engages all the institutions of the state. A constitutional structure devoted to protection of liberty must place a paramount value on separation of powers, and a parliamentary democratic constitution should ensure that the ultimate locus of responsibility rests in the legislature, the only branch which has a direct connection to the citizens. However, in an ironic reversal of practice that prevailed before the coming of mass democracy, Parliament in the UK since the early twentieth century has largely accepted a supine role compared to the executive in matters of 'national security'. The judiciary, despite the enactment of legally enforceable human rights, has also manifestly failed to exercise its proper function of curbing abuses of state power. The result is an over-mighty executive, able to draw upon the deference of other branches of government in prosecuting the 'war on terrorism' on the battlefield and in the statute book, which has trampled on individual rights with virtually no check or counte-balance. Some principles by which the balance might be restored are suggested.     

社会思潮与国家意识形态安全

社会思潮是社会意识形态与社会心理相互转换的桥梁,在国家意识形态安全中起着"晴雨表"和调节器的作用.当前社会思潮日益多样化,更加关注现实问题,影响力增强.分化趋势加快,彼此间相互影响增强,与主流意识形态的关系愈加复杂.有效疏导社会思潮的根本途径是构建社会主义核心价值体系,加强中国特色的政治意识形态价值的感召力.     

The Case Against Privatizing National Security

Since the mid-1990s, the U.S. Pentagon has accelerated efforts to outsource weapons, battlefield and base support operations, and troop training, invoking competition-based savings and better quality. I review the arguments for and against such privatization and summarize recent Pentagon outsourcing experience. I conclude that the current enthusiasm for privatization is driven largely by commercial concerns and lobbying rather than real gains to the nation and citizens, that it poses dangers of monopolization and undue political influence, and that current contracting practices lack verification and mandatory evaluation safeguards to deliver promised results.     

有关国家意识形态安全的思考

随着经济全球化,思想文化领域斗争日益艰巨,意识形态安全问题日益突出。国际上敌对势力针对我国的颠覆手法日益翻新,这使国家意识形态研究备感紧迫,必须在适应新形势、新变化的基础上坚持马克思主义指导地位,加强理论研究,大力开展党的基本理论教育,吸收借鉴西方文明,创新工作方法,特别是盯紧网络媒体,加强意识形态工作的队伍建设以及建立意识形态安全机制等。     

国家安全学科建设的探索历程

20世纪90年代初,国家安全学科建设在中国还是空白,涉及这一领域的专家学者和研究成果少之又少,把国家安全作为自己专门研究对象的专业人员几乎没有。经过10多年的探索,国家安全学学科在我国已经初露端倪,显示出良好的发展势头。