Lessons from institution building in Kenya

Participant observation of institution building in a public sector organization in Kenya provides a basis for a critical discussion of key facets of the institution-building process. Problems identified include: flawed needs assessments; overambitious project designs; poor selection and briefing of consultants; and countervailing vested interests on the parts of external agents. Recommendations include narrowing the gap between development rhetoric and reality; more careful project formulation; greater emphasis on in-house training; more careful selection of project team leaders; and the provision of funding for post-project sustainability evaluations.     

高等学校学生社团思想理论教育功能探析

高等学校学生社团在思想理论教育中扮演了重要角色,对其进行理论阐释,并归纳了学生社团在高校思想理论教育中的三个最主要的功能,探讨了进一步促进学生社团发展的措施。     

和谐社会构建中政治沟通理论认知与思考

政治沟通是政治系统良性运行的关键所在,在构建社会主义和谐社会的新时期,政治沟通是政治文明建设的重要一环。通过对政治沟通相关理论和当前我国政治沟通现状的阐述与分析,提出对加强和谐社会构建中政治沟通的几点思考。     

Seeing eye to eye: organizational behaviour,brokering and building trust in Tanzania

The focus of this article is organizational behaviour in and around the private sector in Tanzania at a time of transition through liberalization and the promotion of private sector activity; how the private sector has re‐emerged in the very recent past; how it operates as a group or, more accurately, as a set of groups, and the relationships between its component parts and with other development organizations (notably public actors: the state and aid donors). Within this framework our interest is in how organizational behaviour is mediated and trust is built through the brokering of relations between different organizations which intersect the public and private (and what this means for the public sphere). The article assesses the usefulness of a three‐level framework for analysing organizational and institutional transformation, shows that some tentative but modest change is occurring, and that a range of incomplete but positive political processes are happening. We show that institutional development is the weak link in these processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反腐倡廉建设中的“三架马车”要素探析

反腐倡廉建设是党的建设的基本任务,如何扎实推进反腐倡廉建设,成为全党全国上下备受关注的重大现实课题。要反腐倡廉,就要从廉政文化教育、完善法制制度和廉政监督体制这三个反腐倡廉建设的基本方面进行深入剖析。当前我们反腐倡廉建设面临着很多新情况与新挑战,只有通过建立廉政文化教育的长效机制,加强廉政法制建设,完善权力监督机制,才能进一步推进反腐倡廉建设。     

Representation in Local Politics: a Reconsideration and some New Evidence

The concept of 'representation', and the tensions within it, have exercised writers throughout the history of political theory. There is little consensus beyond the agreement that the meaning of representation should be made clear, and consistency sought, in any particular application. This paper takes as its starting point some key components of the concept of representation, and in the light of them examines the changing attitudes of both representatives and electors in British local government. Survey data accumulated over a 30-year period provides the basis for this analysis, enabling attention to be given to trends over the period. Changing expectations of representativeness—a component of representation that stresses 'resemblance' or 'symbolic identification'—prompt a questioning of its appropriateness for the understanding of local politics today. The evidence indicates that the contemporary demand for responsive and responsible local government has now displaced the historic concern with representativeness.     

浅谈如何合理设置高层民用建筑消防给排水设施

随着我国经济建设的快速发展,高层民用建筑越来越多的出现在现代城市之中,高层民用建筑具有的火灾蔓延快、人员疏散难、扑救难度大等特点,也给消防工作带来一定的难度。如何按照现行防火规范合理设置高层民用建筑消防给排水设施成为亟待解决的问题。     

Institutional change in the absence of the rule of law and market mechanisms

This paper outlines and evaluates the nature of terrorism as perpetrated by al-Qaeda. To begin it graphs the institutional blueprint of society, and identifies the ubiquitous relationship between state, market and culture in any society. It goes on to describe how private markets and cultures are harmed and diminished by the relative expansion of the state. At some stage in this relative expansion, private markets and cultures simply collapse. At this point, a societal backlash ensues. al-Qaeda, in this sense, is the modern day coup d'etat against the overwhelming power of an over-extended autocracy. The paper evaluates this hypothesis through an institutional examination, largely focused on Saudi Arabia, the initial homeland of Osama bin Laden, the highly effective leader of al-Qaeda, and current home to the world's largest financial contributors to the cause of al-Qaeda. Understanding the specific and purposeful institutional nexus from which al-Qaeda has emerged must be a first step in any systematic attempt to reduce the terrorist threat that it poses.     

Accounting for coalition‐building in the European Union: Budget negotiations and the south

Which parameters affect coalition building in budgetary negotiations? In this article, three distinct levels of analysis are identified to account for coalition building patterns, associated with domestic politics, domestic socioeconomic structures and EU politics. At the level of domestic politics, ideology points to cross‐governmental affinity of a partisan nature; at the level of socioeconomic structures, similarity of policy interests, generated by cross‐national socioeconomic convergence with EU policy standards, informs coalition formation patterns; at the EU politics level, the intergovernmental power balance influences the political aspirations of each Member State in the integration process and coalition‐building decisions. Two sets of parameters affect the evolution of EU coalition patterns, corresponding to the integration impact on the EU (new cleavages) and on the Member States (the impact of Europeanisation). This analytical framework is used to examine the southern coalition (Spain, Greece, Portugal) in the four multi‐annual financial frameworks (1988, 1992, 1999 and 2005).     

树立新理念 筑牢哈尔滨新超越的思想根基

<正>中共哈尔滨市委十二届七次全会提出了超越自我、再塑形象、奋起追赶、努力晋位,把哈尔滨建设成为现代化大都市的总体发展目标。这是科学审视哈尔滨市的现实与未来,着眼于好发展快发展大发展做出的正确决策。实     

面向新时代的世界科技强国建设路径探讨

世界科技强国是新时代中国特色社会主义发展的重要课题与战略目标,这就给中国的世界科技强国建设增添了社会主义、民族复兴、生态文明、和而不同等新的时代内涵,其有别于西方资本主义、霸权主义、工业主义的世界科技强国建设。当前基于数字技术、物理技术、生物技术有机融合的第四次工业革命方兴未艾,且以美国为首的西方发达国家针对"中国制造2025"提出质疑和排斥,这些在给中国的世界科技强国建设提供了新的历史机遇的同时,也提出了严峻的挑战。因此,我们需要基于第四次工业革命及国际形势提出相应的智慧谋策,如完善高校及企业创新人才培养制度、发展经济与高科技、调整产业结构等。     

高等院校教师授课质量考评若干问题的探讨

文章针对国内不少大学在评价教师教学效果的工作中,存在以学生为主体评价教师授课情况产生的偏差,考核结果不反馈等问题,有针对性地提出了考评主体易位和切实督促同行专家检查到位等改进本科教学质量评价的建议。     

Staffing the higher civil services in Bangladesh: An analysis of recruitment and selection processes

In developing a recruitment and selection policy for the Bangladesh Civil Service there has been significant disagreement over whether this should be based exclusively on merit or whether merit should be modified in the interests of equity. The government has, in practice, required that the policy should recognize the principle of equity and various interests have been given a privileged status in recruitment. At the same time the administration of the recruitment process has been conducted in a way that has undermined confidence in it. The authors describe the policy differences and problems of administration concluding with ideas on desirable reforms.     

Enlargement processes and distributional conflicts: The politics of discriminatory membership in the European Union

This paper examines discriminatory membership in the European Union from a game-theoretical perspective. I argue that discriminatory membership enables the enlargement of international organizations with heterogenous member states. EU members impose discriminatory measures on new members to redistribute enlargement gains from new members to particularly negatively affected EU members as to render expansion pareto-efficient. The empirical findings of a probit analysis on the EU accession negotiations and outcomes of all five EU enlargement rounds support the theoretical claim. The EU grants acceding states restricted membership rights if distributional conflicts emerge. Moreover, the candidate’s bargaining power and the possibility of alternative compensation schemes influence the enlargement outcomes.