美国基金会的历史、发展及其社会影响评析

本文对美国基金会兴起的历史背景、发展阶段进行梳理,分析基金会对现代社会发展的影响,以期对规范我国基金会的发展、正确把握与国外基金会的交往有所启示.     

Social Policy and Politics

Social policy is central to current political debates. The framework in which social policy is discussed remains largely a social services or micro-social policy framework. The contribution of the social services has been reappraised. The importance of the 'private' behaviour of individuals and families that has social consequences is being increasingly realised. There is a growing need for a new 'macro-social policy' approach that extends to all the actors or agents that are relevant to social objectives.     

Philosophy and the History of Art

Abstract

Schelling’s philosophy of art between 1801 and 1807 can be defined as metaphysics of art. The object of that metaphysics is to deploy the absolute as the being of art and of the arts. Schelling has been criticized on the basis that this metaphysics of art represses the infinite diversity of existing works of art, while overlooking concrete aesthetic experience. Based on Schelling’s definition of the “philosophical construction” of art as an inseparably speculative and historical construction, the aim of this paper is to challenge such assertions. It will show that “historical construction” has to be understood in a twofold manner: first, as a transcendental history of the absolute’s artistic individuation and second, as a cultural history of both the ancient and modern worlds of art. Working within this twofold setting the paper argues that Schelling’s systematic approach, while exhibiting a unifying force, still remains open to the otherness of the real.     

Idealist Activism and Meaning Management in Social Movement Organizations

ABSTRACT

Transnational social movement organizations manage meaning and transmit meaning across borders. Organizations in the peace and human rights sector also often deal overtly in the construction, framing, translation, and distribution of meanings. This article describes a hybrid form of idealism that is defined herein as ‘idealist activism’. In describing idealist activism, this article identifies a form of meaning management that emphasizes engagement with humanity both in the service of and in the quest for universal truths and tenets, as opposed to the more widely acknowledged cosmopolitanism emphasis on engagement with universal truths and tenets in the service of humanity. The significance of idealist activism is explained not just in terms of the depth and breadth of its influence, but also with regard to its pertinence as an alternative to both political cosmopolitanism and religious idealism.     

The Theory and Politics of Contemporary Social Movements

Social movements of the 1960s have given rise to new theoretical perspectives such as Resource Mobilization Theory and theories of New Social Movements. Resource Mobilization Theory analyses the dynamics of mobilization: the effective organisation of social movements and their influence on mainstream political institutions. By contrast, New Social Movement theories seek to explain the anti-institutional nature of contemporary movements which are said to pursue radical social transformation through mainly cultural means. In this article, both theoretical approaches are examined but found to be inadequate explanations of the complexities of contemporary movements and their relationship with the political environment.     

马克思的唯物主义历史观及恩格斯的诠释

马克思的唯物主义历史观内含了一种以实践为基础的自然观,它实际上是一种自然观与社会历史观相统一的一元论历史观。恩格斯将马克思的唯物主义历史观的对象和适用范围限定在单纯的社会历史观领域,同时提出辩证而又唯物主义的自然观的概念,从而将马克思的一元论历史观二重化了。     

卡西尔历史观研究

在卡西尔看来,历史作为一种特殊的人类文化,存在一个更高的秩序,将一个个偶然的现实串联成我们熟知的历史。这个秩序就是人自我认识形式的归复与统一。真正的历史学以揭示人类生活及人类文化为目的,具有回顾和展望的双重意义,有助于人认识自我,回归人的世界。但卡西尔的历史观同样存在忽视偶然性因素、消解个人能动性的问题。历史学的研究,必须是围绕"人"开展的。福柯的结构主义历史方法是对其有效的补充。     

廉政文化建设与社会政治生态优化

一个良好的社会政治生态是国家长治久安的保障,也是民族复兴的基础。当前与腐败现象伴生的腐败文化在很多领域有滋生蔓延之势,其所具有的扩散蔓延效应、群体压力效应、癌变效应对社会政治生态产生了恶劣影响。廉政文化建设是社会主义先进文化的重要组成部分,从政治文化、社会文化、职业文化、社会舆论四个层面开展廉政文化建设,有针对性地遏制腐败,铲除腐败文化产生的社会土壤,能有效地促进社会政治生态的优化,从而为实现中华民族的伟大复兴奠定坚实的基础。     

Social Change and Moral Politics: the Irish Constitutional Referendum 1983

The dominance of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland has been challenged by rapid socioeconomic change. To counter emerging secularist trends, anti-abortion activists pressurized the political parties to agree to hold a referendum for a constitutional amendment to ban abortion. Opposition to the referendum, and party divisions, led to the active involvement by the Catholic Church and the hierarchy in the campaign. Although the amendment was passed, the intervention of the Church has not been beneficial to it as an institution. This is the first time since the establishment of the Irish state that a significant cleavage has emerged around a religious issue. The referendum reflected a change in Irish politics—new divisions had emerged, based on age, class, religion and place of residence. This change is now having an impact on the political parties.     

社会公正:人性基础及其历史性

社会公正是古往今来人们追求的基本价值目标.社会公正不仅具有深刻的人性基础,而且具有历史的实际内容.一方面,社会公正是发展着的人对于人的发展条件的基本要求,是人们时处理交往关系的规则与制度的认可;另一方面,社会公正是历史的、具体的,并随着历史的发展而不断发展变化.衡量社会公正与否要坚持科学尺度与价值尺度的统一,坚持目的与手段的统一.     

重温姚斯与20世纪中国文学史的重写

文章重温20世纪80年代以来传入中国的姚斯及其学术思想,用成语“一波三折”简要地概括其学术思想及发展,同时发掘出他作为文学史家受到忽视的事实,以此对20世纪80年代绵延至今的“重写文学史”讨论做出反思,并提出重写20世纪中国文学史的若干建议和设想。