论不强迫自证其罪原则

本文阐述了联合国人权公约中“不强迫自证其罪”规定的意义 ,分析了强迫自证其罪的构成 ,提出强迫自证其罪的法律后果分为 :国家责任、实施者责任和取得证据的排除。文章分析了目前在我国确立不强迫自证其罪原则的困难 ,同时也指出了这方面存在的有利条件。作者认为 ,在我国确立不强迫自证其罪原则不能一步到位 ,而需要逐步实现 ,并就此提出了具体的设想。     

How shelter counselors' views about responsibility for wife abuse relate to services they provide to battered women

A survey of shelter counselors found their views of responsibility for wife abuse were significantly related to their: (a) support of a battered woman's decision to remain married, and (b) belief that battering husbands can stop being abusive. Counselors who viewed the husband and wife as equally responsible for wife abuse were the most supportive of a woman's decision to remain married and were most likely to believe that batterers are able to stop being abusive. Counselors who viewed the batterer as completely responsible for wife abuse were more likely to encourage battered women who want to remain married to end their marriage, and believe batterers are unable to stop being abusive.     

Availability of funds to provide health services in the Pacific Basin--HHS. Notice of availability of funds

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) announces that up to $331,000 is available under section 301 of the Public Health Service (PHS) ACT 42 U.S.C. 241, for funding public and non-profit private entities for projects to build capacity and improve health services and systems, particularly preventive health services, in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau and to provide technical assistance relative to such projects. In recognition of the extent of funding available, these funds will be available only to continue activities currently receiving funds under the section 301 Pacific Initiative grant authority. HRSA will entertain applications from current grantees for supplemental grants to modify project activities, and from eligible organizations for competing continuation grant awards to extend project activities.     

论强制证人出庭作证制度的风险控制

《刑事诉讼法》(2012年)规定的强制证人出庭作证制度对于准确认定案件事实,促进我国刑事庭审方式改革,均具有积极作用.但是,该制度不仅本身存在适用范围过窄,未出庭证人审前陈述证据效力未明确等缺憾,而且在我国目前的制度环境下,还存在可能导致诉讼成本激增、控诉方取证难之风险.如何控制这些风险,关键在于还法律制度功能性产物之本来面目,以一种整体性思维分析域外强制证人出庭作证制度,完善我国的强制证人出庭作证制度,并建立诸如合理的证人出庭例外、规范的证人出庭变通措施、可行的刑事诉讼费用制度等相关配套制度.     

Compelling the EPA to Regulate GHG Emissions Under the Act to Prevent Pollution From Ships

Shipping remains the only sector in the world not currently subject to any legally binding greenhouse gas emission (“GHG”) reduction measures. If left unregulated, ships may represent over 20% of GHG emissions by 2050. This article examines the possibility of compelling the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate GHGs from ships under the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (the “APPS”), 33?U.S.C. § 1901, et seq. Unfortunately, until there is an international agreement to reduce GHG emissions from ships, as well as amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the APPS, a citizen suit under the APPS will not be effective.     

借鉴“刑事免责”制度和“证据强制”规则之构想

刑事免责是美国刑事诉讼中的一项基本制度 ;证据强制是适用刑事免责的一个重要证据规则。本文阐述了“刑事免责”制度和“证据强制”规则的立法背景、二者的内涵关系以及适用的范围等 ;论证了我国确立“刑事免责”制度与“证据强制”规则的必要性 ,提出了借鉴其合理内容的一些构想 ,认为在我国确立“刑事免责”制度与“证据强制”规则对于缓解我国侦查机关的侦查取证困难有较大作用     

Adolescents' capacities to provide voluntary informed consent

Minors' capacities to provide a valid informed consent for the treatment of medical and psychological disorders are contingent in part on the determination of whether they can make voluntary treatment decisions. The gravity of a medical dilemma and the nature of parental influence are two factors hypothesized to effect and perhaps compromise the voluntariness of treatment decisions made by adolescents. In the present study 40 14- and 15-year-old subjects were asked to note their conviction for treatment decisions they had made in response to hypothetical medical dilemmas in which parental influence varied. It was found that adolescents making treatment decisions are generally deferent to parental influence, although they are more likely to resist parental influence when the consequences of the decision have serious implications for the hypothetical adolescent's health.This investigation was supported in part by a grant from the American Psychology-Law Society/ Division 41 of the American Psychological Association, whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Gratitude is also extended to the Albemarle County School District, the Blue Ridge School. and St. Anne's-Belfield for their kind cooperation. The authors wish to thank William Gardner, Jeanne Smith, and Edith Lawrence for their work on behalf of this project. Special recognition is due to Lois A. Weithorn for her guidance and support of this research endeavor.     

EU law requirements to provide information to website visitors

This is the first of a planned series of articles considering the EU’s limited harmonisation of the laws regulating the activities of businesses using the Internet. This first article considers five key EU directives, all of which require website operators to provide a variety of information to website visitors. We consider the circumstances in which the various requirements apply and the information that must be provided, to simplify the process of navigating through rules which, although similar in nature, arise from disparate sources. We consider data privacy and “ePrivacy” rules; consumer protection rules arising in the field of e-commerce; and rules protecting potential creditors dealing over the Internet with limited liability companies.     

Availability of funds for grants to provide for the delivery of AIDS/HIV services within community health facilities--HRSA. Notice of available funds

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) announces the availability of approximately $10.9 million in Fiscal Year (FY) 1990 for grants to community health facilities, including Community and Migrant Health Centers and local public hospitals and clinics, to provide comprehensive primary care services to persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These grants will be awarded under the provisions of the Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations Act, FY 1990, Public Law 101-166.