“杨天庆涉黑案”的特点、成因与防控类似违法犯罪的对策

“杨天庆涉黑案”是重庆2009年“打黑大审判”第一案。该案既有我国黑社会性质组织的一般特点,也有其个别化特点,前者使本案成立黑社会性质组织犯罪,后者使该犯罪具有残暴性、隐蔽性和迷惑性。该黑社会性质犯罪组织的滋生和形成,主要源于溺爱型的家庭教育、基层行政执法不力、重庆的“袍哥文化”、刑满释放人员等的社会化不足问题等因素。为防控类似违法犯罪的滋生和蔓延,应针对这些因素采取相应对策。     

我国黑社会性质的组织犯罪特点及对策

黑社会性质的组织犯罪是当今世界的一个热点问题，越来越受到各国政府及国际社会的广泛重视。我国的黑社会性质的组织犯罪除有团伙犯罪所具有的专业化、职业化、智能化、暴力化等特点之外，还具备一些新的特点。对这些新特点、新情况的研究，可以了解掌握黑社会性质的组织...     

论黑社会性质组织犯罪判刑罪犯的心理矫治

有组织犯罪是当前学界探讨的热点问题之一，刑法学、犯罪学、刑事诉讼法学等学科对此问题给予了极大的关注。使之成为了一个新的学术增长点。本文对黑社会性质组织犯罪的含义、特征和类型，黑社会性质组织犯罪的成因进行了分析，并在此基础上提出了对黑社会性质组织犯罪的心理矫治对策。分析了黑社会性质组织犯罪产生的社会、经济、历史和文化原因，认为社会控制弱化和腐败，社会贫富悬殊、两极分化，以及历史和文化的影响是黑社会性质组织犯罪产生的主要原因。对黑社会性质组织犯罪的打击必须坚持“打防结合、预防为主”的方针，在严打的高压下，要通过进一步加强心理矫治工作，对那些初陷泥潭、涉恶未深的黑社会性质组织犯罪分子进行帮教，引导他们重回社会，是预防犯罪的有效手段。     

浅析黑社会性质组织犯罪的心理特征

黑社会性质组织犯罪社会危害性巨大,严重危害着社会治安稳定,是当今世界各国重点防范与打击的对象。本文通过分析黑社会性质组织犯罪形成的社会心理原因和其中不同成员的心理特点,提出了对组织成员强化打击,分化瓦解的心理打击对策。     

黑社会性质组织犯罪案件中从重情节的认定

黑社会性质组织犯罪主要是指秘密从事卖淫、盗窃、抢劫、敲诈、勒索、走私、贩毒等犯罪。因黑社会性质组织具有严格的纪律,集中了群体犯罪的技能与方法,犯罪成功率高,危害性大,又通过官黑结合编织了关系网,提高了逃避制裁的能力,因此在审判这类团伙犯罪案件时,应特别注重强化庭审功能,查清团伙性质和犯罪从重情节,依法给黑社会性质组织犯罪以摧毁性打击。具体应查清、确认下列从重情节：　　一、准确认定黑社会性质的情节　　犯罪团伙分无政治色彩和黑社会性质二种。一般犯罪团伙成员虽然比较固定,但多属纠合性,成员间相互纠合…     

对黑社会性质组织犯罪认定若干问题的探析

黑社会性质组织犯罪是当今世界的一个热点问题,正确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪,对打击黑社会性质组织犯罪具有重要意义,因此我们必须认真研究黑社会性质组织犯罪的概念及其特征,掌握其特点,准确把握黑社会性质组织犯罪与其他类似有组织犯罪之间的区别,才有助于对黑社会性质组织犯罪的认定。     

浅析黑社会性质组织犯罪的心理特征

黑社会性质组织犯罪社会危害性巨大，严重危害着社会治安稳定，是当今世界各国重点防范与打击的对象。本文通过分析黑社会性质组织犯罪形成的社会心理原因和其中不同成员的心理特点，提出了对组织成员强化打击，分化瓦解的心理打击对策。     

打击和防范黑社会性质有组织犯罪对策思考

所谓黑社会性质的犯罪组织,是指以暴力、威胁或者其他手段,有组织地进行违法犯罪活动,称霸一方,为非作恶,欺压残害群众,严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序的违法犯罪组织。一般来讲,黑社会性质的有组织犯罪具有以下组织特征: 一是有3人以上的犯罪组织成员; 二是有较为明确的组织宗旨以及稳定、严密的组织结构和内部分工,首要分子一般在幕后策划、指挥;     

对黑社会性质组织犯罪认定若干问题的探析

黑社会性质组织犯罪是当今世界的一个热点问题，正确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪，对打击黑社会性质组织犯罪具有重要意义，因此我们必须认真研究黑社会性质组织犯罪的概念及其特征，掌握其特点，准确把握黑社会性质组织犯罪与其他类似有组织犯罪之间的区别，才有助于对黑社会性质组织犯罪的认定。     

我国黑社会性质的有组织犯罪特点与对策研究

目前．我国黑社会性质的有组织犯罪已成为中国境内各种犯罪活动中社会危害性极大的一种恶性犯罪．严重地破坏了社会的政治、经济和生活秩序，且呈愈演愈烈之势。根据我国新《刑法典》第２９４条第１款的规定．我国黑社会性质的有组织犯罪是指以暴力、威胁或者其他手段．有组织地进行违法犯罪活动；称霸一方，为非作歹．欺压残害群众，严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序的犯罪组织。我国的黑社会性质的有组织犯罪除具有团伙犯罪的职业化、智能化、暴力化和现代化等特点外，还具有其自身的特殊性。只有了解和掌握这些特殊性，才能探究我国黑社会性质…     

青少年黑社会性质组织犯罪的特点与成因分析——以重庆万州区张波、张涛黑社会性质组织犯罪为视角

青少年黑社会性质组织犯罪除了具备黑社会性质组织犯罪的一般特征外，在犯罪主体、组织形式、犯罪行为方式、非法控制程度、经济实力等方面都有其特殊性。青少年黑社会性质组织犯罪的成因，除了犯罪主体的个人原因外，主要是由于在社会转型期，留守儿童存在社会化障碍，社会闲散人员的文化生活匮乏，弱势群体的广泛存在、利益主体的多层次性导致价值观多元化；同时，国家机关公信力下降，社会管理出现局部缺失，这些现象刺激了青少年黑社会性质组织的产生和发展。     

对黑社会性质组织犯罪的新认识

黑社会性质组织犯罪的本质特征是具有稳定的组织结构与组织性的表现形式内在化;具有固定的犯罪活动据点,并具 有向合法经济渗透迹象或具体行为;以暴力手段为一切犯罪行为的基本保障;编织关系网,获取信息,寻求保护,注重反侦查。     

黑社会性质组织犯罪及司法认定的若干问题

成立黑社会性质组织 ,应当同时具备组织结构特征、经济实力特征、暴力行为特征、非法控制特征等四个特征。科学地界定黑社会性质组织的内涵 ,明确黑社会性质组织与其他相关犯罪组织 (如 ,黑社会组织、犯罪集团、恶势力、恐怖活动组织等 )之间的界限 ,按照犯罪构成的要求 ,在司法实践中 ,才能准确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪 ,对此罪与彼罪以及定罪与处罚等问题作出正确地裁量     

Assessing and Explaining the Resurgence of China's Criminal Underworld

Based upon collected crime statistics, this paper provides a sketch of China's criminal underworld during the past two decades and a quantitative assessment of its current state. Through examining the organised criminal groups, it also assesses the hardcore of China's criminal underworld — the mafia-style criminal syndicates and their greater base — the underworld society. It argues that a challenge from the criminal underworld has increasingly posed a serious threat to Chinese society. It also provides explanations for the recent resurgence of the criminal underworld in China through a perspective of political science — placing emphasis on the state-failure factors.     

Slash,Shoot, Kill: Gang Recruitment of Children and the Penalties Gangs Face

Criminal street gang recruitment of minors has proliferated through countless communities in the United States as tensions continue to rise between gangs, communities, and the police. In response, many state legislatures have proposed legislation to combat such influence. However, not only are the proposed penalties too lenient, but some states do not even have laws that prosecute criminal street gang recruitment of minors. This note proposes that all 50 states enact an anti–gang recruitment statute specifically targeting recruiters of criminal street gangs by criminalizing gang recruitment of a minor.     

Gang membership and criminal processing: A test of the “master status” concept

Using data on 370 criminal defendants processed in an urban court, we examine whether gang membership constitutes a master status that influences both charging and sentencing decisions. We first review various formal efforts to confront the “gang problem” in this jurisdiction, and provide a theoretical foundation for treating gang membership as a master status. After deriving hypotheses from this master status characterization of gang membership, we estimate statistical models for gang and nongang members to determine whether different factors are used in processing and adjudicating each. The results provide some support for the characterization of gang membership as a master status. We discuss alternative explanations for the findings and their implications for public policy on gang prosecution and criminal processing.     

包庇黑社会性质组织罪若干问题研究

包庇黑社会性质组织罪是指国家机关工作人员包庇黑社会性质组织的行为。它是修订后的刑法在第 2 94条第 4款所增加的一个新罪名。本罪所侵犯的直接客体是什么 ?包庇的对象是否只能是“黑社会性质的组织” ?“包庇”行为如何界定以及本罪的立法是否需要进一步的完善等问题均值得研究     

CRIMINAL GROUP EMBEDDEDNESS AND THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ARRESTING A GANG'S LEADER: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY

Although law enforcement agencies arrest criminal group leaders to dismantle organized crime, few studies have assessed whether such interventions produce adverse effects. Through a mixed‐method comparative case study of the Latin Kings and 22 Boys street gangs in Chicago, this article examines the consequences of arresting a gang's leader. Using violent crime data, I show that a spike in violent crime took place in the first month after the arrest of the 22 Boys gang leader. In contrast, the arrest of the Latin Kings gang leader produced no change in violent crime. Using several qualitative data sources, I show that the arrest of the 22 Boys gang leader temporarily led to the gang's withdrawal from its territory, which spurred violent aggression from rival gangs in adjacent territories. In contrast, the Latin Kings gang continued its operations because the gang's prison leaders quickly appointed new leadership. The results suggest that criminal group embeddedness (or the social relations between criminal groups) can contribute to adverse effects in interventions targeting gang or other criminal group leaders.     

THE CASCADING EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT GANG INVOLVEMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE*

The short‐run deleterious effects of gang involvement during adolescence have been well researched. However, surprisingly little empirical attention has been devoted to understanding how gang involvement in adolescence influences life chances and criminal behavior in adulthood. Drawing on the life‐course perspective, this study argues that gang involvement will lead to precocious transitions that, in turn, will have adverse consequences on the fulfillment of adulthood roles and statuses in the economic and family spheres. Moreover, problems fulfilling these conventional roles are hypothesized then to lead to sustained involvement in criminal behavior in adulthood. Using data from a sample of males from the Rochester Youth Development Study, results from structural equation models support the indirect link between gang membership and noncriminal and criminal outcomes in adulthood. Specifically, gang involvement leads to an increase in the number of precocious transitions experienced that result in both economic hardship and family problems in adulthood. These failures in the economic and family realms, in turn, contribute to involvement in street crime and/or arrest in adulthood. Implications for the criminal desistance process are discussed.     

GANGS,DRUGS, AND DELINQUENCY IN A SURVEY OF URBAN YOUTH*

Youth delinquent gangs have been given considerable academic and media attention during the past decade. Much of the attention has focused on the violence and drug dealing in which gang members are assumed to be involved. Recent knowledge about gangs has relied primarily on data obtained from police gang units and from observational or case studies. Very little information has been derived from surveys or interviews with a more general sample of youths. In this paper, data from the Denver Youth Survey, a longitudinal study of families, are used to examine: (1) the prevalence and demographic composition of gangs: (2) the degree to which gang members are involved in illegal activities: and (3) the temporal relationship between criminal offending and gang membership.