论非法传销行为的司法定性与立法完善

最高人民法院以《批复》的形式将情节严重的非法传销行为定性为非法经营罪。但是该定性会使非法经营罪成为“口袋犯罪”。而且该定性不符合非法经营罪的本质特征,不符合罪刑相适应的基本要求,不能适应非法传销行为的演变趋势。对情节严重的非法传销行为应专门立法。     

论我国定罪思维的传统及其演化

我国传统的定罪思维是道德实用主义：适用法律为推行道德服务,定罪的最终目标是罪刑相适应;这种定罪思维在法律解释与事实认定两个方面都有体现。我国现阶段定罪制度反应了西方规则主义思维与我国传统实用主义思维的冲突,如法律与情理的冲突、判决与刑事和解的冲突、形式解释与实质解释的冲突。我国未来定罪思维的出路在于协调规则主义与实用主义的冲突,使两者在各方面尽量融合,而不是一方排斥另一方。     

论对向犯的定罪处刑

行为人之间存在相互对向关系的犯罪,刑法理论都应称之为对向犯.刑法对存在相互对向关系的犯罪的规定有一定的规律,可分为同罪同刑、同罪异刑、异罪同刑、异罪异刑和只规定处罚一方行为.不同类型的对向犯的定罪处刑原则不一.在法律规定只处罚一方的对向犯中,对法律不处罚的一方的行为不能根据刑法总则关于共同犯罪的规定作共犯定罪处刑.     

论定罪量刑的社会学模式

现行刑事立法赋予法官享有一定的定罪量刑自由裁量权,该自由裁量权受诸多案件社会结构因素影响,案件社会结构因素影响定罪量刑的过程及其表现出的样式就是定罪量刑社会学模式。定罪量刑的社会学模式以案件社会学理论为参照,并基本被实证研究所证实。由于同性质的具体案件的社会结构不同或同一案件在不同诉讼阶段的社会结构不同,法官受其影响程度也不同,定罪量刑不公正现象由此而生。实现公正定罪量刑的关键在于避免定罪量刑社会学模式发生作用。     

德、日刑法定罪模式与刑法机能的实现

定罪机制是刑法与社会联为一体的中介 ,是刑法机能实现的重要途径。德、日刑法定罪模式是一种构成要件论的定罪模式 ,只有顺次通过构成要件该当性、违法性、有责性三重判断的行为才能认定为犯罪行为 ,保障了被告人及其他人的自由 ;同时 ,在构成要件该当性、违法性、有责性的判断过程中 ,通过有意识地放弃刑法干预特定领域内的行为的方式 ,保护了社会的进步和发展。促进刑法人权保障机能的实现是德、日刑法定罪模式促进刑法机能实现的主流     

西部大开发与重庆法治建设

西部大开发是在中国建立社会主义法治国家的背景下进行的,健全的法制既是西部大开发的基本条件,也是其必要保障。本文从重庆的具体情况出发,论述了法制建设在西部大开发中的重要地位和作用,并对西部大开发中法制建设的几个中心问题时行了深入、系统的讨论。     

Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers

The associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health among adolescent and young adult mothers were compared. The sample was drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and participants were 672 mothers between the ages of 14 and 21. IPV was significantly positively associated with both depression and anxiety among young adult mothers. However, these associations were not found among adolescent mothers. In addition, IPV and marital status were significantly related among young adult mothers, but not adolescent mothers. Results suggest that IPV may have different consequences during different parts of the life course, or that mental health symptoms may be reported only later in life.

媒体对定罪量刑活动可能带来负面影响的作用机制

媒体对定罪量刑活动所带来的负面影响,主要是以舆论为中介,其作用机制表现为:媒体传播引发舆论,舆论会带来民愤与民怜两方面效果,民愤与民怜成为影响定罪量刑的两大因素。媒体对定罪量刑活动所带来的负面影响程度受刑事立法、媒体和司法制度等方面因素影响。     

论成人英语听力理解的难点及对策

随着成人英语教材及成人统考的改革,听力考试成为统考的新题型。成人英语学习者都迫切想突破“听得见,听不懂”的困境,提高自己的听力水平。为此,在教学中应针对具体情况,采用灵活多样的教学法,在整个教学过程中注意打好学生的语言基础,从基本的语音、词汇、语法入手,逐渐导入文化因素,并传授听力技巧策略,以其能解决成人荚语学习者听力理解的困难,提高其听力理解的能力。     

Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Perpetration

Empirical findings indicate that many adult sexual offenders experienced sexual abuse during childhood. It has been suggested that characteristics of offenders' sexual perpetrating behaviors may resemble their own victimization experiences, although there has been minimal empirical investigation in this area. The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary data on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and characteristics of sexual offending behavior. A sample of adult male sexual offenders with histories of sexual abuse completed the Sexual Victimization Survey as well as a measure on their sexual offenses. Such characteristics as the nature of sexual activities, duration and frequency of experiences, and age and relationship of participants were examined. Results showed trends in the hypothesized direction and revealed a variety of similarities between childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual perpetration. Findings of this exploratory study suggest the importance of addressing the nature of victimization in the treatment of sexually abused boys and offenders with histories of sexual abuse.     

警检关系的基本特征与发展趋势

尽管世界上几个主要国家的警检关系存在三大模式的分野,但各国警察机关和检察机关之间既存在形式上的分工关系,又具有实质上的合作关系,只不过三大模式的侧重点有所不同而已。大致说来,英美模式的侧重点在审判程序,而大陆模式、监督模式的侧重点在审前程序。但从一些国家近年来的司法改革来看,三大模式在相互吸收的基础上,警检关系开始出现紧密化的发展趋势。     

论普通高校成人教育的改革与发展

伴随着经济社会的发展 ,普通高校成人教育不同程度地存在着办学条件差 ,学习与应用脱节 ,教学内容、教学方法、办学模式缺乏成人高教特色等问题 ,面对新世纪 ,普通高校成人教育必须加大改革力度 ,不断完善现有的管理制度和教育模式。     

On the Relationship Between Law and Morality

Abstract. Instead of being embarrassed and uneasy about the implications of the separation thesis, positivists should welcome the fact that they cannot account for the obligatoriness of law. The rule of recognition is only a social rule and introduces no grounds for obligation.     

论行政证据与行政诉讼证据关系之重构

我国现在缺乏系统的行政证据制度,实践中行政机关只得照搬《行政诉讼法》及其司法解释中的证据规则。行政活动追求效率,把诉讼证据规则简单地移植到行政程序中,在理论上和行政实践中都会产生冲突,因此,应当由《行政程序法》规定符合行政行为特点的行政证据制度,一旦行政证据制度得以确立,在行政诉讼中,法官就应当根据《行政程序法》的证据规则来审查行政行为,《行政诉讼法》及司法解释中关于行政证据的规范就应当寿终正寝了。     

Extending the Study of Continuity and Change: Gender Differences in the Linkage Between Adolescent and Adult Offending

Recently, Paternoster etal. used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a longitudinal study of 411 South London boys mostly born in 1953, to investigate the linkage between adolescent and adult offending and found that variations in adult offending were consistent with a random process after conditioning on adolescent offending. In this paper, we test the robustness of this early study across data sources and genders. Here, we use data from the Dunedin New Zealand 1972 birth cohort study to replicate previous findings regarding stability and change in criminal offending between the adolescent and adult years. In particular, our interest centers on the stochastic properties of the adolescent and adult conviction distribution in the cohort and whether the structure of this distribution is similar for males and females. This replication and extension of prior work is especially important since criminologists have little understanding of the pattern of female adolescent offending or how the patterns are linked to adult offending for women. The analysis reveals that variation in adult offending after conditioning on adolescent offending is consistent with a random (Poisson) process. Furthermore, this pattern is evident for both the males and the females in the Dunedin New Zealand 1972 birth cohort.     

论警察与媒体的通融

构筑警方与媒体的和谐是我们的应有之义。改善和发展警察公共关系需要借助媒体的力量,良好的媒体关系有助于提升警察形象。媒体是警察与公众联系的桥梁和纽带,警方借助媒体发布正面的信息从而争取公众对警察工作的支持,使“执法者”与服务对象融为一体,共同维护治安、打击犯罪。     

The Time Penalty: Examining the Relationship Between Time to Conviction and Trial vs. Plea Disparities in Sentencing

Although studies of sentencing routinely find that defendants who plead guilty receive relatively lenient sentences compared with similarly situated defendants convicted by trial, we have yet to fully understand the role of “mode of conviction” in the sentencing process. In particular, we know little about how the size of the disparity between guilty pleas and trial convictions may depend upon time in case processing, or the timing of pleas; that is, when during the process defendants plead guilty. This is a considerable issue, as “time” often is central to explanations given for plea-trial disparities. The current study examines this central, yet seldom empirically captured, dimension of the sentencing process. Using information gathered in an ancillary data collection effort operated under the supervision of the American Terrorism Study, we differentiate between the mode of conviction and time to conviction and explore the role of “time” in sentence severity, especially with regard to the plea-trial disparity. While consisting of defendants identified in connection with terrorism investigations, and sentenced in federal courts, our study takes advantages of a unique opportunity to isolate the effects of time from the mode of disposition and to explore time correlates of sentencing outcomes. In doing so, we raise important questions about the multiple ways in which time and mode of conviction may affect sentencing more generally and contribute to the larger theoretical discussions of how punishment decisions are made.     

简论技术措施和著作权的关系

一、技术措施简介技术措施是版权人或者与版权有关的权利人为了保护自己的版权或与版权有关的权利而采取的私力救济方法,它指的是版权人或相关权利人为了防止他人非经授权接触或使用其作品或录音录像制品而采取的技术上的手段和方法。版权人可以采取的技术措施多种多样,依据不同的标准可以进行不同的分类。例如有的把技术措施分成四类:控制接触的技术措施、控制使用的技术措施、保护作品完整性的技术措施以及保证支付报酬的技术措施。1有的则将技术措施分成三种:作品发行前的技术措施、保证付酬的技术措施和确认侵权的技术措施2,等等。但大…     

论人权与基本权利的关系——以德国法和一般法学理论为背景

人权和宪法上的基本权利这两个源自西语的概念,在汉语法学文献中的使用并不统一,这直接或间接影响到宪法引领下的实定法体系内在的系统化和统一性。本文旨在从一般法学理论角度澄清二者之间的区别和关联。本文特别指出,从人权转化为宪法权利要经过四个限缩性过渡——民族国家化、制度化、理性科学化和习俗化。基本权利不仅是人权的制度化,而且它总是包含着以人权为指针,从而最大程度上实现人权的要求。最后,通过运用这一新的分析框架,本文概括性地分析了现行宪法和法律实践中出现的一些问题。     

试论价值观与法律的关系

在瞿同祖先生和黄宗智教授研究成果的基础上,集中探讨价值观在法律的表达与实际运作中的作用,从价值观与法律的关系角度解读法律的表达与实践之所以产生差异和背离的原因。能够得出这样的认识,价值观在法律的表达中得以充分的体现,而在法律的运作中所起到的作用则是导向性的。由此可以看出价值观决定着法的善恶;决定着法律的发展方向。