论我国仲裁司法监督制度的完善

仲裁司法监督在仲裁与司法的关系中占有重要地位。本文通过对仲裁司法监督纵向和横向的考察,探求仲裁司法监督制度的必要性和国际走向,并在对我国立法规定进行分析和探讨的基础上,主张借鉴其他国家及地区相应制度的成功经验,顺应国际上仲裁司法监督的趋势,完善我国仲裁司法监督制度。     

A CRITIQUE OF THE CRIME OF DELIBERATELY RENDERING AN ARBITRAL AWARD IN VIOLATION OF LAW

The crime of deliberately rendering an arbitral award in violation of law was provided at the end of Article 20 of the Amendment VI to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China. Such a crime is likely to be misunderstood because views are sharply divided on its implication and scope of application. In addition, pertinent provisions are not manipulable. The wording of violation of law should not be included in articles of the law, as legalese. The charge is the product of redundant legislation, whose provisions are bound to be considered as pieces of blank paper. The creation of the crime disrespects arbitration, and removes the peculiarities of it. The charge of the crime undermines the profession of international arbitration. Therefore, the crime should be repealed. Where cases were arbitrated wrongly, and social harms were caused, criminal law and other laws would serve as remedies.     

The Need for Confidentiality in Evaluative Processes: Arbitration and Med/Arb in Family Law Cases

Arbitration, mediation/arbitration and arbitration/mediation allow parties to resolve their disputes usually more expeditiously, privately and with less cost than going to court. While confidentiality is seen as essential to the mediation process and often included in statutes, confidentiality seems less essential to a more adversarial process. Confidentiality provisions rest at the intersection between privacy and self‐determination and the protection of vulnerable parties in family law disputes. This article explores the importance of confidentiality clauses in drafting arbitration and med/arb or arb/med agreements.     

ADMINISTERING LABOR CONTRACTS USING TRANSACTION-COSTS ECONOMICS

Labor contracts are rules of governance between workers and employers over time. The efficiency of the transaction and the relationship can be affected by the provisions of the contract. It is argued that the characteristics of the firm and the workers determine what kinds of contracts and governance of the provisions of contracts are most efficient. Among other results, it is argued that collective bargaining, together with grievance procedures and arbitration, is the most efficient form of labor contracting and governance for large firms with skilled work forces.     

WTO与我国仲裁法律制度的变革

在WTO争端解决机制中,具体的争端解决方式有协商、斡旋、调解、调停、诉讼和仲裁等,其中仲裁是常选的方式。加入WTO对我国仲裁事业产生了深刻的影响,特别是WTO争端解决机制中有关仲裁的规定给我国仲裁法律制度的发展带来了新的机遇与挑战。而现阶段我国仲裁法律制度中还存在着一些缺陷,从客观上影响了与WTO规则的一致性。该文从WTO仲裁规则的历史发展和主要内容出发,分析WTO规则对我国仲裁法律制度的要求,提出了我国仲裁法律制度具体变革的措施。     

内地与香港劳动争议仲裁制度比较研究

内地与香港对劳动争议的处理,同样实行“一裁两审”的劳动争议仲裁体制,但在发挥作用方面,既有各自的优势,也有各自的不足。从两地劳动仲裁制度的法律规定、制度构建和机构的设置等方面进行比较,重新审视内地劳动仲裁制度的定位,探索建立以“仲裁为主,诉讼为辅”的科学高效,兼具中国特色的劳动仲裁制度具有十分重要的意义。     

New Battles and Battlegrounds for Mandatory Arbitration After Epic Systems,New Prime,and Lamps Plus

The Supreme Court's recent decisions interpreting the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) in the employment context generally prioritize arbitration over workers’ labor law rights. The majority in Epic Systems Corporation v. Lewis upheld mandatory individual employment arbitration agreements despite their conflict with the labor law right to act in concert. The same majority in Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela rejected a state law interpretation of a contract provision to find that parties to an employment contract intend individual arbitration absent reference to group arbitration. A unanimous Court in New Prime v. Oliveira interpreted the FAA to include independent contractors under the transportation worker exemption, reinvigorating the battle over what it means to be engaged in interstate commerce to qualify for the exemption. These decisions resolved some disputes about the breadth of the FAA, but other questions remain. In the wake of Epic Systems and Lamps Plus, state courts and legislatures are testing the boundaries of the FAA's saving clause, with limited success. Confidentiality provisions, frequently associated with arbitration agreements, may unlawfully interfere with employees’ federal labor law rights. This article recommends that Congress amend the FAA to address these issues by excluding all workers engaged in interstate commerce, not just transportation workers, because the Court has strayed far from the original intent of the Act—to enforce commercial agreements in which the parties had equal bargaining power. State legislation also should provide guidance on what makes arbitration voluntary and fair, and provide a choice to employees on collective action, forum, and confidentiality.     

浅析《鹿特丹规则》中的仲裁问题

2008年12月11日,历时数年的《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》（又称《鹿特丹规则》）尘埃落定。其兼顾先进性与实用性的制度设计,旨在统一现行国际货物运输法律体系,重新调整《海牙-维斯比规则》所确立的船货双方利益分配法律制度,顺应了国际贸易和航运实践发展的新趋势。第15章＂仲裁＂的规定,以平衡国际运输关系各方的仲裁选择权与世界各国的司法管辖权为立法精神,起到衔接现有国际仲裁公约和便利航运贸易纠纷解决的积极作用,将有力推动国际商事海事仲裁制度的发展。中国应充分借鉴吸收新公约的优秀制度,立足于完善《仲裁法》和《海商法》中的仲裁规定,不断在立法和司法上健全仲裁法律体系。     

比照适用抑或特别规定:从国际商事仲裁的法律适用谈起——兼及中国国际私法立法及研究的“诉讼中心主义“

国际私法传统上以诉讼为当然的视角,形成"诉讼中心主义",忽视了国际商事仲裁法律适用的特殊性.中国国际私法承继这一特点,阻碍了中国国际商事仲裁的国际化.为此,<中华人民共和国民法(草案)>第九编应对国际商事仲裁问题作出特别规定.限于该草案的体例和宗旨,作者仅建议对仲裁协议和国际商事仲裁实体问题的法律适用作出规定.     

论我国国内仲裁机构设置存在的问题及其完善

我国现行仲裁法律制度在仲裁机构设置方面有如下重大问题:即它由行政机关组织的有关部门和商会统一组建;如此就使仲裁机构存在的基础——中立性和当事人意思自治之原则受到了动摇,使仲裁机构的公信力受到怀疑。为此,结合仲裁制度产生的基础、仲裁性质和中国国情(中国的商会还不成熟),我们应当对之进行完善:改变仲裁机构设立完全由行政机关干预或主导之状况,而由立法机关来主导、组织。     

Public interest law revisited 1

This article undertakes a detailed examination of the practical desirability and legal validity of arbitration clauses under the Nigerian legal regime. This involves navigating through provisions of the relevant Rent Control and Recovery of Premises Law. Areas of incompatibility (including those bordering on jurisdiction, penal provisions and enforcement of awards) between the latter law and arbitration clauses are then discussed. Finally, recommendations are made to the effect that the Rent Control and Recovery of Premises Law should be amended.     

气候变化背景下外国投资者与政府争端的解决——以我国双边投资协定为例

我国签订的双边投资协定中一般都规定了投资者与东道国政府间投资争端的解决方式,尤其是晚近我国所签订的双边投资协定多数允许投资者将争端提交国际仲裁。但是,在目前全球应对气候变化背景下,作为温室气体排放大国,我国有义务控制和减少温室气体的排放,采取相应的环境规制措施,这些环境规制措施可能会损害或影响到外国投资者在我国的利益。根据双边投资协定,外国投资者可能会将这些争端提交国际仲裁,我国有可能被国际仲裁庭裁定为此对外国投资者承担相应的赔偿责任。面对新形势,我国必须重新审视双边投资协定中投资者与东道国投资争端解决方式的相关规定。     

代位请求权情形下仲裁协议的效力问题探讨

我国现行法定条件下的代位权与传统规定有本质区别,债权人行使代位权,无需与债务人达成一致意见;债权人与次债务人之问没有仲裁合意;债权人未成为债务人与次债务人之间合同关系的当事人.而且,仲裁协议对未签署人的约束力不可无限扩大,应该符合仲裁理论的基本原则要求.因此,债权人行使代位权,不瘦受约束于债务人与次债务人之问的仲裁协议.     

城市房屋拆迁运作方式的法律经济学评价及矫治

城市房屋拆迁运作方式包括协议拆迁和行政裁决两种。公共选择理论和市场失灵理论分别为我们提供了两种方式的法律经济学根据,由此得出的结论是两种运作方式是符合法律经济学视角下的"效率标准"的。我国房屋拆迁实践中的突出矛盾是,当拆迁人发现达成拆迁协议的成本远远大于申请行政裁决的成本时,其就想方设法去贿赂政府官员,优先选择行政裁决,不仅被拆迁人的利益受损,而且变相纵容了拆迁人进行违法拆迁和行政官员的腐败。为此,我们借助法律经济学方法,通过将房屋拆迁划分为商业目的拆迁和公益目的拆迁两类,进行不同的制度设计;为申请行政裁决设置一系列程序;给予当事人充分的司法救济等方式协调矛盾,完善房屋拆迁运作方式。     

论美国仲裁协会国际仲裁规则中的紧急保全措施

为了满足国际仲裁消费者的需求,《美国仲裁协会国际仲裁规则》于2006年进行修改并规定了紧急保全措施。紧急保全措施采取选择性退出适用方式,体现了美国仲裁协会对紧急保全措施的信心。紧急保全措施的具体规定极富灵活性。但该规则中没有规定采取紧急保全措施后当事人应当提起仲裁的期限。中国应当在仲裁性质问题上接受契约论,各仲裁机构应规定仲裁庭采取临时措施的权力。     

新加坡法下仲裁协议的效力研究

仲裁协议的效力由其所适用的法律决定,不同国家或地区的法律在认定仲裁协议的法律效力时所采取的标准亦有所区别.从新加坡有关仲裁协议的成文法规范出发,结合新加坡法院就仲裁协议法律效力争议所作的判例,在研究新加坡法院对“病理性仲裁协议”效力认定时所采取的基本原则后,认为新加坡法律具有“亲仲裁”特性.这是新加坡在国际商事仲裁和国际海事仲裁领域取得令人瞩目发展成果的重要原因之一.     

关于提单仲裁条款效力若干问题的思考

在阐明提单的概念与功能的基础上,依据中国现行法律规定,较为深入地讨论了提单仲裁条款在托运人与承运人之间及其在提单受让人与承运人之间的不同效力,进而还讨论了并入提单的租约仲裁条款的效力问题。同时对最高人民法院于2 0 0 3年12月31日公布的《关于人民法院处理涉外仲裁及外国仲裁案件的若干规定(征求意见稿)》的有关内容提出了修改意见。     

我国仲裁证据保全的缺陷及其完善

目前我国仲裁证据保全制度的规定还比较粗简，同时也显露出该制度的种种缺陷，诸如规定过于原则、体系残缺、难以操作、效率低下等；应针对该制度的缺陷，赋予受仲裁协议约束的当事人的程序选择权，提高仲裁机构的程序地位，设立仲裁证据保全不当的救济机制等几方面来加以完善。     

民商事仲裁协议是否可撤销

民商事仲裁协议是民商事协议(合同)争议仲裁解决的协议。其适用民事行为的生效要件、无效制度等一般规定无争议。但其是否能适用可撤销制度有争议。笔者认为《仲裁法》没有规定可撤销制度既有比较法上的根据,也有现行法上的依据,同时对最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国仲裁法〉若干问题的解释》第18条规定提出了质疑。     

Challenging arbitral awards: A comparative study of Chinese law, british law and UNCITRAL model law

Support and supervision of a court ensure the integrity of the arbitral process and protect the public interest. However, to prevent the confidence of the arbitral system from being damaged, the judicial control should not be too strict. The support and supervision of a court can be seen in many aspects, among which is to challenge an award. Under the Chinese arbitration law, an award made by a foreign arbitration agency is regarded as a foreign award, challenge of which involves resisting recognition and enforcement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China or on the principle of reciprocity. Accordingly, an award made by a Chinese arbitration agency is regarded as a domestic award, challenge of which includes setting aside and resisting enforcement. As to the grounds and procedures for challenging a domestic award, including foreign-related awards and non-foreign-related awards, some Chinese provisions are either obscure or contradictory. There may be room for the Chinese system to be modernized. The Model Law and the English Arbitration Act of 1996 may be used for its reference.