New Challenges for Law Enforcement

Against a background of high crime across Europe, this paper argues that there is scope for improving police performance in detection. It also suggests that a more balanced approach to crime control is needed, with a shift in policy emphasis toward prevention. Both improved police performance in detection and the approach advocated for increased preventive effort are rooted in science. The specific role of science and technology in the context of crime control is considered and its implications for public policy and police training are briefly discussed. It is suggested that the problem-oriented approach to crime prevention, as increasingly practiced by the UK police and those in other jurisdictions, could be described as approaching scientific method, and perhaps be promoted as such.     

The New International Health Regulations: An Historic Development for International Law and Public Health

The adoption of the new International Health Regulations (IHR) in May 2005 represents an historic development for international law and public health. This article describes the IHR revision process and analyzes why the new IHR constitute an advance in global health governance.     

公诉人执法理念更新刍议

理念是包括理论、理想、信念在内的一个概念。法治的发展趋势,直接影响执法理念,执法理念直接决定执法者的执法行为。没有先进的、合乎时代潮流的执法理念,公诉人的公诉能力建设乃至公正执法就无从谈起。因此,要充分认识更新公诉人执法理念的重要性、紧迫性,在全面分析公诉人执法理念存在问题的基础上,正确把握公诉人执法理念转变的方向。     

论新世纪新阶段治安行政执法的改革

新世纪新阶段,我国的治安行政执法面临着一些新的情况和新的问题,我们应当改变治安民警的传统观念,转变治安民警执法角色,改革治安行政许可,完善治安法制建设,规划治安行政执法的运行机制.     

Transforming Public Health Law: The Turning Point Model State Public Health Act

Law is an essential tool for improving public health infrastructure and outcomes; however, existing state statutory public health laws may be insufficient. Built over decades in response to various diseases/conditions, public health laws are antiquated, divergent, and confusing. The Turning Point Public Health Statute Modernization National Collaborative addressed the need for public health law reform by producing a comprehensive model state act. The Act provides scientifically, ethically, and legally sound provisions on public health infrastructure, powers, duties, and practice. This article examines (1) how statutory law can be a tool for improving the public's health, (2) existing needs for public health law reform, (3) themes and provisions of the Turning Point Act, and (4) how it is being used by public health practitioners.     

公法学视野中的行政执法

行政执法在我国法律实施中发挥着重要作用,但也面临诸多深层次问题。仅从行政执法自身来看待和解决这些问题,难以治本。应当从公民社会与法治国家的关系出发,以公法学的视角重新审视行政执法,大力推进立法民主化、科学化,发扬公民自觉自治,合理配置国家权力,健全纠纷解决机制,重构行政执法,加强法律实施,促进社会主义法治政府与和谐社会建设。     

Protective Vests in Law Enforcement: a Pilot Survey of Public Perceptions

The primary purpose of this study was to begin an examination of the relationship between public perception and the number of attachments on external protective vests worn by law enforcement. A secondary purpose was to examine perceptual differences between non-law enforcement majors and law enforcement majors. Images of six vests that systematically varied in the amount of external attachments were rated across eight attributes: (1) approachability, (2) militarized appearance, (3) intimidation, (4) professional appearance, (5) organization, (6) confidence instilled in an officer, (7) confidence instilled in the public, and (8) recognizable as law enforcement. Vests with more external attachments were rated as more militarized and intimidating. However, participants also rated militarized appearance and intimidation as the least important attributes when considering external protective vests. Confidence instilled (by the images of vests) in an officer and confidence instilled in the public were the highest-rated attributes. These findings suggest that a militarized and intimidating appearance might not detract from the public’s overall acceptance of external protective vests in law enforcement. In addition, law enforcement majors and non-law enforcement majors differed significantly in their ratings of all eight attributes. This suggests that exposure to law enforcement education might affect public perceptions of external protective vests. It is possible that education of the public on the function (e.g., load distribution) of external protective vest attachments might offset negative perceptions.     

论执法保障与行政执法能力的提高

依法行政的重心在于行政执法。要完成执法任务,行政执法主体必须具备相应的能力。我国当前行政执法中存在诸多问题的一个重要原因就是由于行政执法缺乏保障而致使行政执法主体的能力欠缺。因而,应加强对行政执法的保障,提高行政执法主体的执法能力。     

试论公安机关行政执法转型

在计划经济时期公安行政执法取得了很大成效。随着我国社会的快速发展,经济体制在转型,政治体制在完善,政府职能在转型,为此公安行政执法必须加快转型,以适应经济社会发展的需要,推进和谐社会建设。     

关于检察机关执法公信力问题的若干思考

近年来，随着我国构建社会主义和谐社会目标的确立与依法治国方略的逐步推进，特别是在党的十七大明确提出“建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度”的背景下，司法的公信力问题越来越受到司法领域内外乃至全社会的广泛关注。从检察机关的执法公信力现状看，近年来随着各级检察机关法律监督能力建设的不断加强，执法办案的力度、效果和社会影响力不断增强，检察工作的公信力相应地也有所提升。但是相对于检察机关的宪法定位及其在国家法治进程中肩负的使命而言，