东北亚经济安全与合作机制构建的设想

本文通过对东北亚经济安全与合作机制构建的必要性阐述,揭示了东北亚地区经济应以区域利益共享为基点,以博弈关系为切入点,构建实现区域各国利益的最大化,达致多方利益均衡的经济安全与合作机制,提出了构建东北亚经济安全与合作机制的相关建议.     

A technology network for economic development

A technology delivery system designed to provide small and medium-sized businesses with improved access to technological resources for enhancing their productivity and competitiveness has been tested under controlled conditions in the southeastern United States. The demonstration project involved federal research laboratories, state universities, National Information Service and Economic Development Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, and technology users in the private sector. The results of the 18 month project are reported and assessed to identify the conditions for the establishment of a national technology network for small and medium sized firms.     

Two-tiered entrepreneurship and economic development

This paper argues that there are two tiers of entrepreneurship important for economic development. One is concerned with investments in productive technologies that improve productivity and better service consumer needs. The other is concerned with the creation of protective technologies that secure citizens’ private property rights vis-à-vis one another. In the developing world where governments cannot or do not protect citizens against predation, “institutional entrepreneurs” devise private mechanisms of property protection, providing the security required for productive entrepreneurship to grow. However, private protection technologies can be a double-edged sword. While private protection technologies enable some investment and exchange by securing citizens’ property where government does not, potential constraints on these technologies’ effectiveness may simultaneously limit their ability to expand investment and exchange beyond modest levels.     

Cross-border cooperation as a development factor for borderline territories of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to review, study and summarize theoretical aspects of cross-border cooperation and its influence on the development of borderline territories of Western Ukraine. Growth of social and economic role of the borderline territories of Ukraine is promoted by geographical and geopolitical location of the country. It creates a high potential for cross-border cooperation which enhances economic development of these areas and influences the economy of the country.     

Trilateral commission and Latin American economic development

Conclusion Thus while the Trilateral Commission has been successful in identifying problem areas, each of the Trilateral countries has been unable to subordinate the immediate interests of its major economic components for the historic interests of the whole. While the Trilateral Commission has been successful in formulating an outlook that encompasses the major capitalist countries, that ideology has not been the operative basis of policies. While the Trilateral Commission's influence is manifest in the frequent summit meetings, the decisive decisions that shape the course of each country are taken elsewhere. Finally, and most fundamental of all, the Trilateral Commission has not been able to contain social and national revolution — to put the Third World in its place. For, above all else, the most basic challenge to Trilateralism is the emerging mass democratic social revolutions which are challenging the social relations upon which Trilateral power rests. The Trilateral adaptations to this struggle — the attempt to contain it within the framework of conservative civilian regimes (Frei in Chile, APRA in Peru, Estenssoro in Bolivia) is doomed to failure: the demands of the newly aroused mass movements far exceed the bounds compatible with these regimes. The scheme of so-called viable democracies is neither viable nor democratic — in any popular sense. The export oriented free market economies and industrialization from outside and above promoted by the Trilateralists will be the first to succumb as these popular forces move from opposition to power. Let us make no mistake, the present crisis of the Trilateral countries is just beginning.     

Mating (marriage) patterns and economic development

This paper looks at the relationship between economic development and mating (marriage) patterns in the very long run. For this purpose we introduce the Goldin and the Kuznets curves which relate female labour and income inequality with economic development respectively. To some extent, the Goldin and the Kuznets curves have followed opposite paths, which in turn, could illustrate how economic development has had an impact on mating (marriage) patterns, and thus household formation. The likely convergence in mating patterns among hunter–gatherers across societies vanished after the Neolithic revolution. Then, African polygyny and the ‘European’ marriage pattern developed into the most significant exceptions to the traditional dictate of nature “…an early attachment to one woman” (Malthus, 1798: pp. 15). Nowadays, monogamy and late attachments have become the norm rather than an exception.     

Innovation capacity and economic development: China and India

Decomposing the GDP growth from 1981 to 2004, this paper finds that innovation capacity has contributed significantly to the economic growth of China and India, especially in the 1990 s. Outputs of the national innovation system, measured by patents and high-tech/service exports, demonstrate the considerable progress China and India have made in innovation capacity. The enhanced innovation capacity of China and India is primarily due to their heavy investment in the inputs of innovation system, i.e., R&D expenditure and R&D personnel, in recent decades. This paper emphasizes the role that the governments have played in promoting innovation capacity and their contribution to economic development. Both governments have transformed their national innovation systems through linking the science sector with the business sector, providing incentives for innovation activities, and balancing import of technology and indigenous R&D effort. Using case studies of domestic biotech firms in China and India, this paper also offers micro-level insights on innovation capacity and economic development: (1) innovation capacity has become essential for domestic firms?? market success and (2) global institutional factors and national government policies on innovation have considerable influence on the choice of innovation at the firm level, i.e., to conduct indigenous R&D or to import foreign technology.     

区域经济发展中的地方政府创新

地方政府的创新对于促进区域经济的全面发展具有重要作用.因此,地方政府在区域经济发展中的角色需要进行正确的定位,即在遵守市场规律的前提下进行不断创新,为区域经济的发展提供更好的服务,从而促进区域经济的跨越发展.     

The Organisation of Hate

In this paper, it is argued that we need to understand the role of ‘hate’ in the organisation of bodies and spaces before we ask the question of the limits of ‘hate crime’ as a legal category. Rather than assuming hate is a psychological disposition - that it comes from within a psyche and then moves out to others - the paper suggests that hate works to align individual and collective bodies through the very intensity of its attachments. Such alignments are unstable precisely given the fact that hate does not reside in a subject, object or body; the instability of hate is what makes it so powerful in generating the effects that it does. Furthermore, although hate does not reside positively in a subject, body or sign, this does not mean that hate does have effects that are structural and mediated. This paper shows that hate becomes attached or ‘stuck’ to particular bodies, often through violence, force and harm. The paper dramatizes its arguments by a reflection on racism as hate crime, looking at the circulation of figures of hate in discourses of nationhood, from both extreme right wing and mainstream political parties. It also considers the part of what hate is doing can precisely be understood in terms of the affect it has on the bodies of those designated as the hated, an affective life that is crucial to the injustice of hate crime. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.