我省八项法学研究课题获2008年度国家社科基金项目立项

2008年度国家社科基金项目评审结果近日揭晓。我省获准立项的国家社科基金项目中法学类申报78项，立8项，立项率10．3％。国家社科基金项目是哲学社会科学类唯一的国家级项目，层次高，影响大，备受社科理论界的关注，代表着我国哲学社会科学的方向和水平。承担国家社科基金项目数量的多少、完成质量的高低，是衡量社科研究能力和科研管理水平的一个重要标志。     

从国家社科基金立项项目看法学研究状况——一种知识社会学的视角

通过对1993-2004年来国家社会科学基金立项的法学类项目类立项资助项目相关指标的分析,来展现我国目前法学学术生产格局的大致状况及其背后动因;并通过与经济学社科基金立项项目的比较以及对法学类社科基金立项项目在社科基金项目中所占比例等数据的分析,来呈视法学作为一门独立学科在整个人文社会科学界的地位变迁,以及这种变迁背后的权力———知识格局。     

中南政法学院1997年度科研立项情况综述

中南政法学院１９９７年度科研立项情况综述１９９７年，中南政法学院科研立项工作进展顺利，成果丰硕。截至１２月底，经国家社科基金、司法部、湖北省社科基金、武汉市社科基金、湖北省教委、湖北省科委等批准立项２６项。本年度科研立项数超过全院“八·五”期间科研立...     

我国知识产权领域科研课题立项状况研究——基于1994—2011年科研项目的数据分析

知识产权科研课题是知识产权研究的重要形式,其在一定程度上反映了我国知识产权研究的状况和水平。通过对1994—2011年期间我国主要的知识产权领域科研课题的立项、分布等情况的实证分析,可以了解和揭示我国近些年来知识产权领域科研课题的状况,以便改进我国知识产权科研立项机制,同时对于学者们申报和从事相关知识产权问题课题研究也具有参考价值。     

BOT立项中的法律、融资和风险问题分析

BOT是20世纪80年代在国际上兴起的一种项目融资和建设模式,主要用于基础设施的建设。简单地讲,BOT就是以政府特许权换取非公共机构融资建设经营公共基础设施的一种投资方式,特许期内,项目公司通过项目的运营来获得利润,并用此利润来偿还债务,特许期满后,整个项目由项目公司无偿或低价移交给政府。BOT项目的核心问题:一是特许权;二是以有限追索权为基础的项目融资;三是风险分担。这些是BOT项目的本质特征,贯穿于BOT项目的整个周期。 BOT项目的本质特征决定了BOT项目的立项研究有别于一般项目的立项研究。一般项目的立项研究无论在学术上,还是在实践中,都已有一套完整的方法和内容要求。而对BOT项目的立     

国家社会科学基金法学类立项项目分析--从基金的角度看当代中国法学发展状况

1993-2004年,国家社会科学基金项目法学类共立项537项。从年度立项数量、研究成果形式、立项单位、项目主持人所属单位、主持项目次数较多人员以及项目研究主题等方面进行比较分析,可以发现:因应建设法治国家的需要,法学类项目也水涨船高;立项单位以北京为多,反映学术资源向北京集中;立项项目以环境法、网络法、金融法等现实急需的学科居多,反映法学研究其根本还是一门实践学科。     

中国政法大学科研成果展示(之二) 国家社科基金重大项目 法治背景下的社会预警机制和应急管理体系研完

国家社科基金重大项目“法治背景下的社会预警机制和应急管理体系研究”于2006年10月批准立项。中国政法大学副校长、国务院应急专家组成员马怀德教授为课题负责人。课题旨在对法治背景下我国社会预警机制和应急管理体系进行多角度、跨学科的探讨，以理性、现实且发展的思维构     

广东10项课题获司法部2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目立项

为了繁荣发展和指导全国法学理论研究，司法部“2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目课题”面向全国公开申报。据二00六年十二月二十九日《司法部关于发布2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目立项课题的公告》（[2006]第63号）：根据司法部《法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目管理办法》（司发通[2001]057号）的规定，按照《关于发布〈2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目课题指南〉及受理课题申报的公告》（[2006]第59号）的要求，司法部受理2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目申报课题1118项，经初审、专家通讯评审和专家会议复审，共152项课题获准立项，其中重点课题18项，一般课题61项，中青年课题30项，委托课题6项，专项任务课题37项。广东法学界、法律界有10项课题获准立项。     

国家科技计划项目立项行为及其法律救济

在国家科技计划项目管理过程中,项目申请人对科技部不予立项的决定不服发生争议的情况时有发生。基于行为主体、项目经费来源、公共利益、行为本质、权利义务的特殊性等因素的考虑,科技计划项目立项行为实质上是一种公权力行为。立项行为属于高度专业技术性的决定,因此不在行政诉讼受案范围之内。建议建立科技部内部申诉制度,项目申请人可以向科技部提起申诉,要求科技部对不予立项的行为进行复审。     

地方立法立项机制的实然回顾及反思

地方立法立项机制是关于立法规划(计划)编制的运行模式。本文在对地方立法立项的启动时间、主体、项目来源、编制过程、审批与公布、实施等六个方面进行全面剖析的基础上,指出了当前中国地方立法立项机制存在的主要问题。     

全国社会保障基金境外投资收益的税收问题探析

从2006年年底开始,全国社会保障基金境外投资的大门正式开启,由此引起的该基金境内外投资收益税负不均的问题,不仅违反了税收中性原则,而且不利于该基金的保值增值。对此,主张"国家及其财产豁免"并不可行。可行的方法是将其纳入到双边税收协定中,通过对将该基金的股息、利息以及资本利得适用协定的特别条款,从而免除来源国的征税。     

Japan's Research Whaling Is Not Unlawful and Does Not Violate CITES Trade Rules

This article is a critique of two reports of “independent legal experts” sponsored by the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW); the “Paris Panel” and the “London Panel.” The article shows that the Paris Panel's conclusion that Japan's research whaling in the Antarctic is unlawful and an abuse of rights under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) is based on misuse of evidence and failure to properly interpret Article VIII of the Convention and the legal status of recommendatory non-binding resolutions. It also shows that the London Panel's conclusion that the import of humpback whales from Japan's research program in the Antarctic and sei whales from its research program in the North Pacific are a violation of trade rules under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora is based on incorrect interpretation of that Convention's trade rules. It is concluded that the two independent legal experts panel reports are, from a legal perspective, seriously flawed, rendering their conclusions invalid and relegating the reports to the status of IFAW propaganda.     

Medicare program; special enrollment period and Medicare premium changes. Final rule

This final rule provides a special enrollment period (SEP) for Medicare Part B and premium Part A for certain individuals who are sponsored by prescribed organizations as volunteers outside of the United States and who have health insurance that covers them while outside the United States. Under the SEP provision, qualifying volunteers can delay enrollment in Part B and premium Part A, or terminate such coverage, for the period of service outside of the United States and reenroll without incurring a premium surcharge for late enrollment or reenrollment. This final rule also codifies provisions that require certain beneficiaries to pay an income-related monthly adjustment amount (IRMAA) in addition to the standard Medicare Part B premium, plus any applicable increase for late enrollment or reenrollment. The income-related monthly adjustment amount is to be paid by beneficiaries who have a modified adjusted gross income that exceeds certain threshold amounts. It also represents the amount of decreases in the Medicare Part B premium subsidy, that is, the amount of the Federal government's contribution to the Federal Supplementary Medicare Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund.     

Tax-exempt bonds and sponsored research

"Sponsored research," wherein a business corporation or the government pays a portion of the cost of research activities carried out by a university or hospital, is increasingly important both for state institutions and for Section 510(c)(3) organizations. Sponsored research arrangements that are not properly structured can jeopardize the status of tax-exempt bonds issued to finance the facility at which the sponsored research occurs. While these rules have been difficult to apply in practice, properly structured agreements can provide funding for research without undue risk. This Article discusses the multiple pieces of guidance put forth by the Internal Revenue Service to clarify the many issues and tiers of analysis necessary to ensure a properly-structured sponsored research agreement.     

The role of marketing activities in the fuzzy front end of innovation: a study of the biotech industry

In this paper we explore the importance of marketing activities during the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation (FFEI), which in product life cycle management is described as the phase between R&D and the beginning of formal new product development. The FFEI is characterized by informal processes and many industry specific conditions. The particular context in which the study was conducted involved research emerging from a US government sponsored institution. Firms obtain licenses for technology from the government sponsored institution with the purpose of advancing them towards commercialization. But, the process of development often gets stalled, especially during the initial stages due to the lack of a number of resources (financial, key personnel, etc.). The specific interest in this study was, therefore, to understand the extent to which various marketing efforts by the licensees enabled the survival of early stage biotech innovations. Licensees would be expected to seek resources by undertaking a number of marketing activities designed to communicate a value proposition to potential resource providers. The study involved qualitative data collection among licensees to uncover marketing activities in which they engaged during the FFEI phase. The data was coded to develop the specific types of marketing activities that had been employed so as to provide insight into which activities were important in enabling early stage innovation survival. Future research can build upon this study’s findings in industries other than biotech and involving different sources of technology transfer (universities, etc.).     

Reforming the International Monetary Fund Why its Legitimacy is at Stake

The International Monetary Fund was designed to promote internationalmonetary cooperation and foreign exchange stability, so as tofacilitate international trade, high levels of employment andreal income, and the development of the productive resourcesof all its members. However, the Fund's capacity to influenceits key members’ policies through its advice, and to giveconfidence to potential borrowers by offering opportune andmeaningful financial assistance in case of trouble, has beenseriously put into question. Its governance structure is inconsistentwith its multilateral nature and is dysfunctional to its purposes.There is also an ideological bias in its policy advice thatprevents the Fund from being responsive to citizens' concernsand challenges posed by globalization. The ongoing reform processis tinkering on the margins and if not redressed will fail tobring additional credibility and effectiveness to the Fund.     

A strategy for accelerating the use of energy conserving building technologies

To accelerate the use of energy-conserving building technologies in the farflung, decentralized buildings industry, a strategy for more directed transfer of government research to public- and private-sector users has been implemented. The strategy involves a cycle of four sets of activities: (1) Needs assessment; (2) development of transferable information; (3) outreach activities; and (4) feedback and evaluation. By employing this iterative technology transfer cycle and emphasizing trade and professional organizations as communication channels to and from users, it is hoped that research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Systems Division will be responsive to the industry's needs and accessible to its diverse participants.     

AFCC Think Tanks: Promoting Dialogue on Difficult Issues in Family Law*

This article examines three think tanks sponsored by the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts, which convened representatives of different disciplines, often with differing perspectives, to address policy and practice dilemmas in family law and dispute resolution. This essay was initially commissioned by the Nuffield Foundation, London, UK, as an Insight Article for its Family Justice Observatory, which aims to improve the use of data and research evidence in the family justice system in England and Wales. The think tank process is described and analyzed, identifying factors that created challenges and those that led to success.     

The Popeye principle: selling child health in the first nutrition crisis

The cartoon character Popeye the Sailor was capable of superhuman feats of strength after eating a can of spinach. Popeye ate spinach because the association of spinach with strength was a product of the first national nutrition crisis in the United States: the 1920s fight against child malnutrition. Spanning the first three decades of the twentieth century, the malnutrition crisis arose from the confluence of many different events including the invention of nutrition science and new standards for height and weight; international food crises created by world war; the rise of consumerism, advertising, and new forms of mass media; and Progressive reformers' conviction that education was a key component of any solution. The history of the malnutrition crisis presented in this essay synthesizes disparate histories concerning advertising, public health, education, consumerism, philanthropy, and Progressive Era reform with original analysis of a major nutrition education program sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund in the 1920s. Because the character of Popeye came to embody one of the nutritional norms advocated in the 1920s, I refer to the influence of culturally constructed social norms on children's beliefs about health and nutrition as the Popeye Principle. The history of the malnutrition crisis demonstrates the importance of understanding the cultural and economic conditions surrounding childhood nutrition, the use and influence of numerical norms, and the mutually reinforcing influences on children's nutritional norms from their parents, peers, teachers, and culture.