评介《清律研究》

最近,法律出版社出版了张晋藩教授新著《清律研究》,全书30万字。这是一本以清律为研究对象的学术专著,书中所论述的《清开国时期法律的特点及其历史地位》、《清代的法律体系及其内涵》、《清代民族立法的卓越成就》、《清代私家法律的解析》、《晚清修律》、《晚清的宪政运动与宪法》、《清代的司法制度》、《清代反封建专制主义的法律思想》,均为清律研究中的重大课题。对于清开国时期的法律制度,前人和今人,研究者甚少。1981年,张晋藩教授在人民大学出版社出版的《中国法制史》第一卷,第一次以较多的篇幅,论述了清入关前的法制概     

《论语》中的“先富后教”思想及其法文化价值

作为儒学的经典著作之一,《论语》对我国传统法律文化无疑有着广泛而深刻的影响。尽管《论语》中直接谈论法律问题的文字并不多,但它给我国古代法律制度、法律思想和法文化的形成、发展及特点却打上了多方面的烙印。本文仅对《论语》中的“先富后教”思想及其法文化价值作一分析。     

比较民法史:力量与弱点——《法典、习俗与司法实践:清代与民国的比较》评介

《法典、习俗与司法实践 :清代与民国的比较》是黄宗智先生继《清代的法律、社会与文化 :民法的表达与实践》① 后 ,关于中国法律史的第二本专著。作为一个汉学家 ,从其学术脉络上看 ,他最先关注的是中国的社会经济史 ,并有《华北的小农经济与社会变迁》、《长江三角洲小农经济与社会变迁》等著作面世。 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,他的研究领域逐渐转向法律史 ,原因是他认为 ,法律制度的研究结合了社会史和文化史 ,从而使以往互不过问的两门学科在法律领域得以结合 (黄宗智 :《中国的法律、社会与文化》系列丛书总序 )。因此 ,研究方向的改变并非…     

有关《论语》的五种英语译文比较研究

中国的翻译事业从夏朝到现代,经历了四千多年的历史;中国对外翻译始于公元505年;明清时代进入翻译繁荣时期;当今世界的中国翻译事业空前繁荣,为推进世界文明的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。中国古典名著《论语》乃古代思想文化的瑰宝,《论语》的对外翻译为丰富全人类思想文化发挥了巨大的作用。不同翻译人员语言文化素质的差异必然导致对同一翻译作品理解上的差异,《论语》的翻译尤其如此。本文分析研究了《论语》的五个英文译本,旨在提高中国文化对外翻译质量。     

看《红楼梦》中的清代婚姻法律制度

《红楼梦》是清代小说的至高代表,能从中看出清代各种各样的生活习俗、法律制度。《红楼梦》主要围绕贾府展开一系列的描写,其中最主要的还是以宝玉、黛玉、宝钞三个人之间的曲曲折折为一条线索。本文将试以曹雪芹所著的《红楼梦》作为资料,采用"互证互释"的方法,截取宝玉、黛玉、王熙凤等人的爱情生活来探讨分析下清代的婚姻法律制度,探析封建社会中法律制度是如何真正运用于实践中的。     

监狱现代化实践的当代思考——读《清代监狱研究》有感

近读曹强新同志《清代监狱研究》一书,深为作者关于现代化的理性思考所吸引,产生强烈共鸣。该书从史学、法学与哲学交融的视角出发,以现代人文眼光,运用实证分析方法,在搜集、分析和研究大量正史资料基础上,又从文学作品、前人笔记等中挖掘颇具价值的典故,勾勒出清代狱制、狱政的概貌,准确解读了清代狱制的本质、诠释了清代监狱的历史真相。该书不仅对清代监狱进行了全景式的探究,也对中国监狱的历史发展进行了粗线条的回顾;不仅对清代监狱的狱制变革进行了详尽的剖析,也对现代监狱工作进行了前瞻的思考。本文拟在解读作者在监狱现代化理论上所作贡献的基础上,对监狱现代化实践进行当代思考。一《清代监狱研究》一书给读者最大的启迪就在于其独特     

比较民法史：力量与弱点——《法典、习俗与司法实践：清代与民国的比较》评介

《法典、习俗与司法实践：清代与民国的比较》是黄宗智先生继《清代的法律、社会与文化：民法的表达与实践》后，关于中国法律史的第二本专著。作为一个汉学家，从其学术脉络上看，他最先关注的是中国的社会经济史，并有《华北的小农经济与社会     

何晏的《论语》学研究

何晏是现存最早的《论语》学代表著作《论语集解》的编纂者，同时也是《论语》学的研究者。他的《论语》学研究主要由两方面构成：一是对他人《论语》学成果的裒集；一是自己对《论语》的注释和理解。何晏的《论语》学研究体现了从汉儒到六朝学者《论语》学研究的因革创变，从一个侧面反映了中古学术转型的方式与规律。在中国古代学术史，特别是《论语》学史上，具有一定的地位和影响。     

“你会背,我免费”

"三人行,必有我师焉",5月1日上午,济南市民李晶在山东曲阜三孔景区门口背诵完30句论语后,成为第一个获得景区免费通行证的游客。当日共有347人因背诵论语合格,喜获免费游玩世界文化遗产、国家5A级景区孔庙、孔府、孔林。(见5月2日《中国青年报》)"背《论语》免费游三孔",是曲阜新近推出的旨在弘扬国学的文化旅游     

德沃金个人主义权利观的论述逻辑及其反思

德沃金的权利理论是一种个人主义权利观,"诠释"与"人性尊严"是其中的两个关键词。"诠释"确定了权利的表现形式,权利表现为一种个体性的诠释实践;"人性尊严"则赋予权利以价值,权利的价值在于它承认与尊重每一个人的内在价值与责任。《认真对待权利》、《法律帝国》与《刺猬正义》这三部著作代表了德沃金权利理论的三个发展阶段,权利的个人主义观念在此过程中得以形成与完善。该权利观虽然极为精致且具有说服力,但并非理解权利的唯一可能路径。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.