Detection of metals in human tissues by spectrum analysis

Potentialities of spectrography experts were demonstrated to be helpful to the employees of patient-care facilities (expertise and research institutions) in solving a variety of burning issues by joint effort. Tissue samplings, hairs and daily urine were comparatively analyzed, by the example of using the low-friction hip arthroplasty by comochrome friction Protasu-21WF, for the content of microelements (ME) belonging to the hip endoprosthesis. We found that MEs (Co, Cr, Mo) are mostly discharged during the first year of endoprosthesis utilization, after which, a regular reduction of concentrations was noted. No exceeding norms were registered in any cases, which denotes a minimal wear of the friction pair.     

Immunochemical methods in detection of opiates in tissues and organs

Conditions of isolation of opiates from tissues and analysis of the resultant extracts by immunochemical methods are discussed. The main characteristics of OPIATES U kits (Pharmatech) for polarization fluorescent immunoanalysis of cadaveric material (liver) are determined. Immunochemical methods for forensic chemical analysis for opiates are experimentally compared.     

人体组织两种简易保存法DNA抽提效果的比较研究

比较研究人体不同组织在不同保存条件下DNA抽提效果。取冷冻保存和50％乙醇固定保存的各种组织，用有机溶剂抽提法提取DNA。用50％乙醇固定保存的人体不同组织在校长时期内仍可获得与新鲜冷冻组织相近的DNA抽提效果，经卡方检验二者无明显差异（X2≤0．21，P≥0．995）。乙醇保存法简便易行，DNA产量高，效果好，适用于各种特殊情况下的组织保存。     

Comparative study on DNA abstraction of human tissues preserved by two different methods

Comparative studies have been made on the effect of DNA abstraction of different human tissues preserved by different methods. The results showed that different human tissues preserved in 50% alcohol may have similar DNA abstraction effect for a relatively long time as frozen tissues. They have no significant difference (chi 2 < or = 0.21, P > or = 0.995). This preservation method has the advantage of simplicity, high DNA output and good effect, and is suitable for preserving tissues under special circumstances.     

Detection and investigation of microparticles of biological tissues in gunshot wounds

We studied feasibility of expert purposes solution in examination of gunshot bullet injuries by investigation traces of microparticles of tissues expulsed from the wounds and settled near the victim. Laws of such traces formation are established, feasibility of localization of the place of wounding, of the shot direction finding, definition of the gender, group, species of bioobject is shown.     

高效液相色谱法检测肝组织中马钱子碱和士的宁

目的建立生物检材中马钱子碱和士的宁的检测方法。方法以甲醇为萃取液,选用HypersilODSC18柱(1.5m×4.6mm×5μm)为色谱柱,同样填料的30μm短柱作预柱,以甲醇∶水∶二乙胺(55∶45∶1)为流动相,检测波长254nm,应用HPLC法对肝组织中马钱子碱和士的宁进行检测。结果建立起高效液相色谱法检测肝组织中马钱子碱和士的宁的方法,方法线性良好(r=0.9999),回收率较高(>86.85%),精密度较好(RSD<7.3%)。结论该方法可望用于生物材料中的马钱子碱和士的宁的检测。     

3种甲醛固定组织DNA提取方法的比较

目的对不同方法提取甲醛固定组织中DNA的效果进行比较,寻找一种操作简便、经济实用、质量较高的DNA提取方法。方法取甲醛固定的心肌组织14份,分别以改良酚-氯仿法,改良Trizol法,试剂盒法提取DNA,进行紫外分光光度计测定OD260/OD280值后,经PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析确定提取的DNA质量。结果改良酚-氯仿法,改良Trizol法,试剂盒法OD260/OD280比值分别为1.841 5±0.380 4、1.370 5±0.336 7、0.831 6±0.175 0。两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。3种不同方法提取DNA含量分别为0.943 8±0.530 1、0.707 5±0.423 6、0.342 8±0.182 5。PCR扩增后琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示以改良酚-氯仿法所提DNA的谱带清晰度好于其它两种方法。结论改良酚-氯仿法简便有效,所用试剂价格低廉,是一种经济实用的甲醛固定组织DNA提取方法。     

Enzyme immunochemical detection of the use of hashish and confirmation by thin-layer chromatography

The EMIT cannabinoid assay was used for screening blood and urine after smoking tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 10 mg) or ingestion of THC (30 mg). Cannabinoid levels in urine remain detectable up to 1 week. Confirmation was done by adsorption of the THC carboxylic acid onto a C18 extraction column and elution with acetone and TLC. The method is simple and sensitive and is applicable with common laboratory equipment. The detection limit is 10 ng/ml, using 10 ml urine.     

福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织3种DNA提取方法比较

目的探讨经福尔马林固定1d石蜡包埋组织(FFPET)提取DNA的简易有效方法。方法比较水浴加热、微波加热和二甲苯脱蜡的效果。组织脱蜡后分别采用Chelex-100+层析柱纯化法、DNA IQTM试剂盒磁珠提取法和Chelex-100+磁珠纯化法提取DNA;实时荧光定量PCR技术定量DNA;荧光标记毛细管电泳技术进行STR分型。结果二甲苯脱蜡的效果好于其他两种加热的脱蜡方法(P<0.05)。Chelex-100+层析柱纯化所获得的DNA量显著高于其他两种方法(P<0.05)。结论二甲苯脱蜡、Chelex-100+层析柱纯化法是一种简单、有效的FFPET处理方法。     

The dynamic postmortem changes of the nucleoproteins in the tissues of the liver and eye

Postmortal changes in nucleoproteins were examined in the hepatocytes and anterior corneal and crystalline lenticular epithelial cells from 106 cadavers within 48 h after death by microfluorometry. Cryostat tissue sections were stained by acridine yellow by the method of R. Rigler (1966). The author found a natural decrease in fluorescence intensity of the examined tissue cellular nuclei at 530 nm within 4-24 h. and an increase in their fluorescence intensity at 640 nm within 4-48 h. after death. Data obtained may be used to establish the time of death.     

Detection of benzodiazepines in different tissues, including bone, using a quantitative ELISA assay.

Benzodiazepines were analyzed in different tissue samples, including hone, by ELISA. The sensitivity of detection for different benzodiazepines was consistent with the manufacturer's reports of the cross reactivities of the antibodies used, with the greatest sensitivity for midazolam and the least for diazepam; in addition the pharmacokinetics was consistent with the known duration of action of the different benzodiazepines, with midazolam cleared rapidly, and diazepam slowly. Following intramuscular injection of 300 microg of midazolam at 16 h intervals for ten days, the drug was detectable in bone tissue samples obtained from skeletonized remains buried in soil at room temperature for three weeks.     

死亡大鼠组织中总RNA提取的质量控制及方法评价

目的探讨不同商品化试剂盒在提取组织总RNA过程中的优劣与适用范围,为实验室的质量控制提供依据。方法采用以膜提取技术为基础（SV total RNA isolation system）和以异硫氰酸胍/苯酚法为原理（TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒）的两种试剂盒对死亡大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑组织进行总RNA的提取与评价鉴定,并使用琼脂糖变性凝胶电泳和2100芯片生物分析仪对提取的总RNA进行完整性鉴定和质量控制评价。结果两种商品化试剂盒提取的总RNA纯度与得率均可满足实验要求。各组织脏器中总RNA得率依次为脾脏＆gt;肝脏＆gt;肾脏＆gt;大脑＆gt;肺脏＆gt;心脏。结论与TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒相比,SV Total RNA Isolation System提取时对操作人员熟练度要求较低,2100芯片生物分析仪有望替代凝胶电泳技术用于总RNA提取时的质量控制。     

死后眼组织变化与死亡时间推断

眼组织推断死亡时间一直是国内外法医学界的研究热点之一,从肉眼观到镜下观,从细胞水平到分子水平,不断有新的研究成果和报告出现。大量研究资料表明,随着死亡时间的延长,眼角膜、视网膜、玻璃体液及房水等均出现规律性的变化,并与死亡时间高度相关,可用于死亡时间推断。本文对其在法医学领域的研究进展作以综述。     

高效液相色谱法测定水中的草甘膦

目的建立强极性除草剂草甘膦的高效液相检验方法;方法采用离子交换液相色谱法分离,经柱后衍生化以荧光检测器定性检测样品中草甘膦;结果经该方法检测草甘膦的最低检测限为5ng/ml(S/N≥3);结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,为此类案件的检验提供了科学依据。     

甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织DNA提取方法比较

目的比较甲醛固定石蜡包埋尸检组织中三种提取DNA的方法对DNA质量的影响,寻找一种操作简便、污染较少、经济实用的石蜡包埋组织中提取DNA的方法。方法选取经甲醛固定石蜡包埋的心肌组织20例,分别以二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法、试剂盒法提取DNA,进行电泳分析、紫外分光光度计测定A260/A280值及PCR扩增。结果改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法抽提DNA法、二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法分别与试剂盒法所提取DNA的A260/A280值相比较,均有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法所提取DNA的A260/A280值相比较,无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。以改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法所得DNA为模板,扩增的目的条带亮度与阳性对照相当。结论结果证实改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法简便有效,所用试剂价格低廉,是一种经济实用的石蜡包埋组织DNA提取方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定生物体液中百草枯

目的建立HPLC检测生物体液中百草枯方法。方法弱阳离子交换固相萃取小柱提取,水溶性正相液相色谱分析,结合保留时间和紫外光谱对样品中百草枯进行定性。结果经该方法测得百草枯的最小检出限为10ng/m l血(S/N≥3),线性范围为0.1~10μg/ml。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,能有效祛除复杂生物基质中杂质干扰,使待测组分获得满意的峰形,适用于生物检材中百草枯的分析。     

Identification of hemoglobin derivatives by means of electrofocusing

A method for the identification and quantitation of hemoglobin derivatives is described. Samples diluted 1 in 100 were applied to precoated polyacrylamide-gel plates containing an Ampholine gradient of pH 3.5 – 9.5 and focused for 1.5 h at a constant 40 W. All hemoglobins under investigation were characterized by specific patterns which allow them to be differentiated. Electrofocusing is recommended for screening tests, but quantitative evaluation using densitometry is possible as well.     

青少年骨发育X线分级方法

目的 利用青少年骨关节x线影像变化规律制定青少年骨发育X线分级标准.方法 参照国内外权威学者关于不同部位关节骨骼发育分级的研究成果,以骺软骨发育组织学分层(区)为理论支撑、以骨发育X线影像特征为基础的分级原理.横向和纵向观察我国河南、海南、浙江三个省份300名11～20周岁男、女性青少年双侧锁骨胸骨端及左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节骨发育X线影像特征,选取与年龄变化关系密切的24项骨骼发育指标.结果 根据不同部位关节骨骺生长变化规律,将24项骨骼发育指标分为2级至8级不等.研究显示,各单一关节组成诸骨发育指标的分级基本相同或接近.单一关节内不同的骨骺发育变化具有同步性.结论 本分级标准涉及骨骼发育指标广、适用年龄范围宽、可操作性强,为我国法医学活体骨骼年龄推断建立了良好的基础平台.     

紫外可见漫反射光谱法无损确证血痕的研究

目的建立一种快速确定血痕的方法。方法将人血、猪血、鸡血、羊血等制成样品纱布,利用紫外可见分光光度计扫描反射光谱进行检测,同时考察了人血的最低检出量。结果血痕的种属与浓度不影响紫外可见反射光谱波峰波谷位置;人血的最低检出量为1.0μL。结论该方法确证血痕具有快速、灵敏、准确、不损坏检材的特点。