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在刑事法律实证研究中,由于被研究者多为极易受到研究伤害的弱势群体,研究过程及结果又往往涉及司法改革和司法公正等重大问题,因而研究伦理亟需规范。实证研究本质上是一种生产知识的方法,对刑事法律实证研究的伦理规范主要是对研究权力的规范,目的是防止知识、权力与资本的“共谋”。应当遵循自律、纪律和法律的总体思路,设立伦理审查委员会,依据尊重、保护、公正、全面的原则,规范我国的刑事法律实证研究。在规范的同时还要建立相应的保障机制,以解决实践中法律实证研究难以开展的不利局面。 相似文献
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法官职业道德建设是人民法院遏制司法腐败,加强队伍建设的重要举措,但长期以来,法官职业道德建设的成效却差强人意,主要原因在于对中国传统人情文化障碍缺乏充分认识,因此,解决问题的路径必须建立在实现三个转向的基础之上。 相似文献
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农村老年协会发展的政治学启示——以宁波市北仑区H村为个案 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在村民自治的民主实践过程中,群众组织发挥了重要作用。本文以宁波市北仑区H村为个案,对该村老年协会进行了考察。讨论了老年协会在维护老年人权益,进行民主监督,提高社会风尚,丰富村庄娱乐生活的基础上,阐述了老年协会在实现社会公平、提高民主绩效、重建关怀伦理、增强共同体认同等方面发挥的重要作用及其有益启示。 相似文献
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Gwenda M. Willis 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2018,24(7):727-743
Labeling a person by their past behavior or a criminal conviction is commonplace throughout forensic and correctional psychology. Labels including ‘offender’ and ‘sex offender’ infiltrate academic writing and conference presentations, names of professional organizations and treatment programmes and, at times, traverse therapeutic work. That such labels are frequently used and rarely advocated against suggests that helping professionals either (i) don't recognize labeling as an ethical issue, or (ii) don't consider it their role to challenge. The current paper aims to encourage critical reflection on the use of labels in forensic and correctional psychology. Key concerns are illustrated through a focus on labels commonly assigned to individuals who have sexually abused, where labeling is especially prolific. The scope of labeling is reviewed, and implications for rehabilitation and reintegration discussed. Next, an analysis of the ethics of labeling individuals on the basis of criminal convictions, past behavior or psychological phenomena is presented. It is argued that the use of such labels contradict core ethical principles including beneficence and nonmaleficence, respect for the dignity of all persons, and responsibilities to society. A de-labelling movement for forensic/correctional psychology and related fields is proposed. 相似文献
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法官道德包括个人道德内在自律和职业道德外在约束,法官的个人道德又包括作为常人的道德层面和高于常人的道德层面。道德自觉的法官既可在司法程序中维护法律的确定性,又能引领社会的变迁。法官、公众以及法律三者的道德价值取向,在实质内涵上都以公民基本权利和自由为根本。崇敬权利价值是法官道德信念的极致,是法官个人道德和职业道德的升华。法官是现代法治社会道德共同体的守望者。 相似文献
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通过对法律职业共同体成员的约束和引导,法律职业伦理能够促进共同体成员的自律,有利于提高其道德水平和综合素质,有利于腐败遏制和公正司法,对于法治建设具有重要意义。调研显示,法律职业群体,尤其是律师遵守职业伦理状况不容乐观。实践中存在律师乱收费、虚假承诺、虚假宣传,公检法人员办理人情案现象等;这些行为对法律职业群体的形象产生影响。通过加强法律职业伦理教育、对法律职业群体进行职业伦理培训、引导等方式加强法律职业伦理的培育,能够促进法律人的职业化和法治建设。 相似文献
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转型期的中国社会出现了"道德滑坡"现象。在以家庭美德为基础的传统社会道德体系逐渐解体的背景下,需要构建现代社会道德体系,需要顺应中国社会的转型推动道德转型。相较于传统社会道德体系以家庭美德为基础而言,现代社会道德体系的基础则是职业道德。职业道德是提升全民道德水平的支点,在这个过程中,政府及公职人员应从态度、行动和形象上转变角色,积极构建现代社会道德体系。 相似文献
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Nicholas V. Passalacqua PhD Natalie R. Langley PhD Marin A. Pilloud PhD MariaTeresa A. Tersigni-Tarrant PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1111-1120
The medicolegal system relies on the ability of experts and non-experts alike to make judgments about expertise and use those judgments to reach consequential decisions. Given the lack of standard criteria, mandatory certification, or licensure for establishing expertise required to practice forensic anthropology and testify as an expert witness, we sought to understand how individuals assess and identify expertise in forensic anthropology by using a social science tool called the Imitation Game. This tool assesses immersion in a specific area of study via discourse, with the premise that some individuals lacking expertise themselves imitate or attempt to pass as experts. For this project we recruited volunteers with varying expertise in forensic anthropology to participate in interviews which asked questions about the practice and structure of the discipline. Those interviews were transcribed, anonymized, and evaluated by other recruited individuals with varying expertise in forensic anthropology. Results found that judges who were experts in forensic anthropology performed better than non-expert judges in determining who was not an expert in forensic anthropology based on their anonymized responses; however, nearly half of the non-experts were still able to pass as experts in forensic anthropology. The difficulties in assessing expertise based on discourse interactions demonstrates the value and need for well-defined credentials and mandatory certification to practice forensic anthropology. This study demonstrates that accurately identifying expertise in forensic anthropology may be challenging for both experts and non-experts, especially when relying solely on interactional expertise rather than formal assessments of competency which directly elucidate contributory expertise. 相似文献
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职业伦理是检察官的软约束,是规范、引导检察官职业行为的重要依据。建构科学的检察官职业伦理规范体系,是司法改革背景下完善中国特色检察制度的必然要求。检视文本,我国检察官职业伦理规范存在的形式混乱、内容重复、类型繁杂等弊端,导致伦理规范缺乏系统性、简练性与明确性,制约着规范理性的实现;透析实践,检察官职业伦理规范在实际运行中陷入了检察权向行政权依附、精英化向大众化倾斜、职业信仰向社会人情屈从等困境,导致其无法真正发挥规范效力。因此,立足于规范理性与实践理性双重视角,应该通过提升检察官职业伦理规范的科学性、巩固检察官职业伦理建构的职业化根基、优化检察官职业伦理培养机制及加强职业伦理规范运行监督等措施,完善我国检察官职业伦理规范体系。 相似文献
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The success or failure of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim turns largely on the testimony of trial counsel. It is therefore common for the government to communicate ex parte with trial counsel in order to formulate its response to such a claim. But even after the representation has ended, trial counsel continues to be bound by duties of loyalty and confidentiality to their former client, as well as the attorney-client privilege, subject to a limited waiver relative to information that is reasonably necessary to respond to the ineffectiveness claim. Because of their interests in the litigation, however, neither trial counsel nor the government is positioned to objectively decide what information is covered by that waiver. In order to ensure that trial counsel respects their ethical duties to their former client and to protect the sanctity of the attorney-client relationship, post-conviction courts should prohibit trial counsel from communicating ex parte with the government. These courts should instead require that all such communications take place on the record—ideally at a deposition, but alternatively through affidavits. 相似文献
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Rebecca L. Walker 《Criminal justice ethics》2017,36(1):78-96
In the United States at present, the death penalty is a possible sentence in 31 out of 50 states, as well as within the military and for federal cases. In the U.S., numbers of executions are declining, in part due to moratoriums in place and challenges to execution by lethal injection. Participation by physicians in lethal injection executions has been steadfastly viewed by professional medical organizations as contrary to their ethical standards. However, physicians have participated in lethal injection executions, and the morality of the death penalty itself is a matter of intense social and political debate. Medical ethics commentators and professional organizations have typically held that the prohibition on physician participation in the death penalty is independent of the ethical status of the death penalty itself. This article argues that this view is untenable, and that it is tied to a view of professional role virtue that is similarly untenable. At the same time, it argues that, given the morally uncertain status of the death penalty, it is plausible that virtuous physicians may either refuse or choose to participate in some aspects of the death penalty. 相似文献
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论现代法学教育中的法律伦理教育 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
现代法律教育必同时是开发受教育者的道德情怀,砥砺受教育者的伦理能力的过程。法律伦理包括法律制度赖以形成的内在的伦理结构和法律制度得以良好运行的外在的法律职业行为伦理两部分。法律伦理教育的目的是培养受教育者的伦理问题意识和提升受教育者的伦理推理能力与伦理选择能力。这一目的的实现有赖于法学教育理念的变革和教育方式的更新。 相似文献
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社会认同论作为群体间行为的解释理论是群体关系研究中最有影响的理论.由于群体地位的差异,当某一群体在认知、情感上产生对所属群体身份不承认或疏离和自卑时便产生了社会认同威胁.为应对威胁和困境,社会认同管理策略旨在通过不同的策略手段以期获得积极的社会认同,提高个体和群体自尊.社会认同复杂性与管理策略的研究有助于加强我国转型期各群体之间的和谐共生,消减个体认同的困境,促进社会不同群体之间的融入与和谐. 相似文献
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This article analyses digital identity as an emergent legal concept in the United States of America, as a consequence of the move to place all federal government services on-line. The features and functions of digital identity and its legal nature are examined, and the consequences are considered. 相似文献
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法官责任制度的三种模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着司法制度的不断发展和完善,我国的法官责任制度逐渐形成了三种模式.其中,结果责任模式发端于错案责任追究制,后被纳入违法审判责任制,如今则被视为防范冤假错案的重要制度保证.程序责任模式滥觞于违法审判责任制,如今则成为法院进行案件质量评查、对法官确定奖惩措施的主要依据.随着新一轮司法改革的推进,法学界发出了尊重司法规律、重构法官责任制度的呼声,一种主要针对法官违背职业伦理行为来构建法官责任的新模式——职业伦理责任模式,逐渐出现在各种司法改革的方案之中.上述三种模式都是司法体制改革的产物,都有各自得以存在的制度空间,也都有相应的局限性和实施障碍.通过总结我国法官责任制度的发展经验,可以为未来法官责任制度模式的选择确立一些基本准则. 相似文献
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制度伦理教育是指致力于使人认可、内化并践行契约伦理的教育.在我国,随着市场经济的发展,罗尔斯正义理论在教育界的影响日益深远等,它已经悄然兴起.合法性判断是对事物是否符合社会、时代发展的一个最基本的判断,所以对制度伦理教育进行合法性判断是非常必要的.道德教育合法性判断的依据包括道德伦理合法性判断的依据和道德教育方式方法合法性判断的依据.前者具体可分为民意、文化传统和超越三重依据;后者具体可分为尊重常识道德、教育者"言行一致"、旨在于使人向善、有效性四重依据.以这些依据作为评判的标准,不难发现制度伦理教育尽管有很多地方值得我们去借鉴,但它并不具有很强的合法性基础,它的兴起不能实现其已有的承诺. 相似文献
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民间社会村夫野老口耳相传的谣谚,是包含着民间伦理生活真实信息的"活化石".在传统社会,谣谚所映射出的民间伦理观念具有多元复合的特点,儒、道、墨等诸家观念大量充斥其间.谣谚所传达的伦理观念,既有与官方正统教化伦理高度一致的一面,同时也不乏异质的声音.其主要表现是谣谚以有限认同、阳奉阴违、分庭抗礼的姿态,构成了对正统教化伦理的反对性回应.谣谚作为一种小传统文化,与作为大传统文化的主流意识形态之间互渗互用、相生相长,构成了传统社会伦理生活的真实景观. 相似文献