The Telecommunications Law of the European Union

Abstract: This article is intended to give an overview of the law as it stands on telecommunications at the Community level. Over the past ten years the telecommunications law and policy of the European Community have developed rapidly along the twin axes of liberalisation (deregulation) and harmonisation (reregulation). The innovative use of Article 90 EEC has been central to liberalisation, while most harmonisation legislation has been based on open network provision (ONP) passed under Article 100a. The article concludes that, now the national monopolies have been largely dismantled, new issues will arise in the competitive market.     

Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union

Netherlands International Law Review -     

The Collective Labour Law of the European Union

Abstract: The collective labour law of the European Union is embedded in a variety of legal measures incorporating principles of collective labour law reflecting national experience. The dynamic of its development has been the spill-over effect of these principles, through their translation into the status of EU law, and their development by decisions of the European Court of Justice. The article outlines a framework of principles which, it is argued, are currently embodied in the collective labour law of the EU. They include collectively bargained labour standards, workers' collective representation, workers' participation, and protection of strikers against dismissal. In addition, there is a parallel principle of collective solidarity emerging in the social security law of the EU. The principle of collective negotiation of labour law introduced by the Protocol and Agreement on Social Policy may be seen as the founding constitutional basis for the collective labour law of the European Union.     

欧盟信息安全法律框架之解读

网络与信息系统安全已经引起了全世界共同关注,美国和欧盟在这一领域走在了世界的前列。伴随中欧经济、文化交流的日益密切,欧盟信息安全法律框架也为我国立法提供了可资借鉴的蓝本。通过解读欧盟信息安全法律框架的演变轨迹及其特点,结合我国信息安全保障立法现状,分析当前我国信息安全立法的主要着力点,提出我国应加快信息安全立法进程,用法律形式明确信息安全监管机构和监管模式,构建有中国特色的信息安全法律体系。     

论欧盟法在成员国的适用

欧盟法主要由欧盟与成员国签订的基础性条约、欧盟与第三国或国际组织签订的条约和欧盟通过的条例、指令和决定组成。在欧盟内部,欧盟法可以直接适用,具有直接效力,并处于优先地位。欧盟法与成员国法的关系既不同于国际法和国内法关系,也不同于联邦法与成员邦法的关系。欧盟成员国各自适用欧盟法的实践,反映了欧盟法独特的适用方式,表明国际法日益得到普遍的尊重与遵守,主权国家自觉灵活适用国际法以维护国家利益,国际组织在国际法国内适用方面发挥重要作用。这是对现代国际法的丰富与发展。     

欧洲联盟法中的指令协调机制

今天的欧洲联盟,已经发展到了27个成员国,它的一体化运动,是以法律的趋同、一致化为条件和体现的。在共同体层面制定的法律,最终要在27个国家得到具体的实现;在这个过程中,法律的协调和一致化的引导是不可缺少的环节。就指令而言,在从欧共体到欧盟的几十年间,采用了"旧"、"新"两种不同的协调方法。通过对它们分别进行考察和结合案例的分析,可以看到协调机制是一个包括欧洲法院参与在内的动态系统。     

我国刑法与国际刑法的衔接——以海盗罪为研究样本

国内法与国际法如何有效衔接,一直是我国法律中没有得以很好解决的问题。国际法对海盗罪有明确的认定标准,而我国刑法中没有对海盗罪的直接规定。我国应当在全面了解国际法对海盗罪的认识过程、国际刑法对海盗罪构成要件的规定的基础上,对刑法现有的相关罪名加以梳理、整合,增设海盗罪。     

The State of Gender Equality Law in the European Union

Abstract:  This article assesses critically the recent law and policy initiatives in European Union gender equality. As a fundamental right, the principle of gender equality is to apply in all areas of EU law. Its scope has been extended to the access to and supply of goods and services and, according to the European Court of Justice, to the Third Pillar. Despite efforts to render the principle visible and accessible, a number of provisions remain unclear and contradictory. The contribution of external actors in this field is set to help safeguarding and enhancing the Community gender equality acquis .     

刑事和解与刑法基本原则的关系——兼及刑事和解的价值取向

以恢复性司法理念为基础的刑事和解制度目前正逐渐成为我国刑事法学界和实务界的热门话题。刑事和解在尊重被害人、促使加害人认罪悔过改过自新方面,具有恢复失去的正义,尽快平息加害人与被害人之间矛盾的作用和促进社会和谐有不容忽视的优势;同时,刑事和解还体现了公正、谦抑、人道的刑法价值。刑事和解并非对刑法基本原则的背离,而是刑法基本原则的一种实现方式。     

欧盟国际私法的最新发展进程——《罗马Ⅱ(Rom Ⅱ)》(2007年第846号条例)

非合同债权关系法律适用条例的通过,标志着欧盟成员国之间的债权关系法律适用的统一进程又往前走了一步。罗马Ⅱ中确立了一般原则,辅以例外、规避条款并列出特殊关系的法律适用条款的立法模式,对统一国际私法有很好的参考价值。虽然仍有一些悬而未决的问题,但搁置争议,出台已达成共识的规范,罗马Ⅱ的通过以及罗马Ⅰ罗马Ⅲ……为统一国际私法提供了一种立法思路。     

欧盟反托拉斯法的现代化

欧盟反托拉斯法包括限制竞争协议和滥用市场支配地位两个部分.自1962年以来,其规则基本没有发生变化.但在新旧世纪交替之时,欧盟反托拉斯法开始了现代化的进程.欧盟制定了新的反托拉斯执法制度,并于2004年5月1日起实施.新制度赋予欧共体条约第81条第1款和第3款直接适用的效力,废除了对限制竞争协议的通知要求,确立了欧盟委员会主导、欧盟委员会与各国竞争当局、法院密切合作、共同执法、欧盟法院监督的新体制.欧盟委员会制定了与之配套的相关条例、准则,同时还对技术许可协议的规范制定了新规则.     

对刑罚报应性的理性思考

在西方刑罚目的理论上一直存在着报应刑和目的刑的争论。作为罪刑法定原则、罪责刑相适应原则的体现以及刑罚正义原则的要求,报应已成为我国刑罚的首要目的。刑罚的报应性贯穿于我国刑罚体系的始终,只是不同的刑种体现出来的报应性的程度不同。     

Penal Law Among Socialist Countries

[Editor's Note: Dr. Erich Buchholz has been a regular contributor to this Journal since 1977. He is Dean of the Faculty of Law, Humboldt-Universitat Zu Berlin, German Democratic Republic (GDR), and also permanent member of the Presidency of the Council for Scientific Investigation of Legal Science at the Academy of Science of the GDR. He is also a member of the International Association of Penal Law. Dr. Bucholz has published many articles, chapters, and books not only in socialist nations but also in the West. Dr. Buchholz submitted a book-review article Le droit pénal comparé des pays socialistes, by Igor Andrejew, Paris 1981. Edition A. pedone, p. 162, which we translated to read “A Comparison of the Penal Law Among Socialist Countries.” The book-review article was further revised by the Journal's Associate Editor, Dr. Peter Zoller. Any reader who wishes to receive an original of the book-review should write to the Editorial Office.]