优化地方行政级次推进地方政府管理体制创新

现今中国“金字塔”型行政级次使得地方政府职能定位不清,政府职能转变滞后;增加行政成本、降低行政效率、极大地影响地方政府机构改革的成效。而要顺利、有效地推进地方政府管理体制创新,行政区划体制的改革,尤其是行政级次的优化设计势在必行。减少中间层次,扩大管理幅度,构建扁平化地方行政级次是我国地方行政级次改革的根本方向。改革过程中必须坚持与其他改革措施协同配合,共同推进;要因地制宜,因时制宜;避免形式化。     

Human Resources in Public Administration in the Czech Republic

This paper informs about results of a research taking place within an internal grant of College of Polytechnics Jihlava, which is aimed at examining the efficiency in public administration from the point of view of the office workers. The research is divided into three stages which were proceeding gradually in large organisations of public administration carrying out self-government as well as state government in figurative effect. The research took place in the form of questionnaires, which were given to randomly chosen workers of the offices, and these anonymously answered 60 questions were divided into six topics： human resources, organizational capital, information capital, customer capital, performance measuring, and innovation capital. The respondents assessed the situation in the office using their own judgement. The aim of this paper is to inform about the results of this research especially from the point of view of human capital, organizational capital, and social capital in organisations of public administration.     

全球化条件下西部大开发中的地方政府与地方治理

在全球化的背景下,地方治理作为当代多层治理结构中有机组成部分的发展模式已经成为一种趋势。地方政府在西部大开发中的重要作用是不可替代的,这就要求地方政府顺应地方治理发展的模式———强调以分权化为主导的地方权力和自主管理能力,构建公民广泛参与的多元化管理主体,发展管理导向社会化、公共服务市场化的地方治理的实践,提高西部地方政府效能和提供更有效的公共服务,促进西部大开发的发展与繁荣。     

以地方政府改革创新论行政管理体制改革——2009年地方政府改革典型调研分析

在对12个省市进行调研的基础上,分析·地方政府行政改革创新举措的现状,总结了其中的成绩,分析了出现的普遍性问题.问题主要为改革理论研究不足,改革系统化程度有限、透明度不高、创新空间不足、法制化程度低、没有触及政府职能的核心领域.针对这些问题,指出在宏大的行政管理体制改革进程中,需要进行全面的理论研究,进行系统的规划,中央政府在实践中应通过政策制定强化分类指导,激励地方政府寻求突破.     

Value for Money Auditing in Local Administration

Editors' Note: This article is based on a paper presented by But at the 4th Annual Conference of the Canadian Comprehensive Auditing Foundation. Value for money auditing, or VFM, is that country's in the U.S.     

关于地方党委领导体制和运行机制的调查与思考

经过2006年到2007年上半年的地方党委领导班子配备改革,地方党委新的领导体制初步建立.实践证明,新体制显示出一定的优势,但还存在常委职数仍然偏多、常委会组成结构不够合理、常委配置不平衡、专职副书记定位不明确、对书记和常委的监督难度加大等问题.要真正达到地方党委班子配备改革的目的,应当彻底取消副书记层级,不设副书记,除书记外,其他全部是常委;常委人数应继续压缩,并逐级减少;党委各部门负责人一律不进常委会,而应吸纳人大、政协主要负责人等分管综合性工作的领导成员进常委会.这样安排有利于精简常委会班子,减少领导层次,提高决策质量,解决书记办公会问题,平衡部门间的常委结构,增强对书记的权力制约.     

区域公共管理与区域经济合作发展

随着市场经济的发展,我国区域经济合作的步伐不断加快。但在利益驱动下,地方政府往往又各自为政,诸如地方保护、重复建设、区域公共物品供给不足、区域公共事务治理失灵等问题大量存在,极大地阻碍了区域经济合作向纵深发展。因此,在区域经济一体化发展的背景下,区域政府需要在政策、制度安排方面进行深层次调整,加强区域公共管理,从而为区域经济合作的进一步发展提供保障和支持。     

Citizenship,identity and transnational migration: Arab immigrants to the United States

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the changing relationships between identities, citizenship and the state in the context of globalisation. We first examine the ways in which scholars discuss changes in the ways in which citizenship and political identity are expressed in the context of international migration. We argue that much of the discussion of transnationalism and diaspora cling to an assumption that citizenship remains an important—though not defining—element of identity. Our position, by contrast, is that migration is one of a number of processes that transform the relationship between citizenship and identity. More specifically, we argue that it is possible to claim identity as a citizen of a country without claiming an identity as ‘belonging to’ or ‘being of’ that country, thus breaking the assumed congruity between citizenship, state and nation. We explore this possibility through a study of Arab immigrants in the US. Our findings, based on interviews with activists and an analysis of Arab American websites, suggest that concerns with both homeland and national integration are closely related to each other and may simultaneously inform immigrants' political activism. These findings indicate a need to identify multiple axes of political identification and territorial attachment that shape immigrants' sense of political membership. We argue for the importance of thinking about transnationalism as a process—and perhaps a strategy—as migrants negotiate the complex politics of citizenship and identity.     

试论地方政府的创新管理

政府的创新管理是当今全球化时代的一个世界性课题。对我国地方政府来说,地方政府的管理创新是整个地方政府管理系统的整体优化和更新。其中,重塑政府管理理念是前提,优化政府职能和创新是核心,转变管理方式是关键。只有对系统相关要素进行整体创新,才能提升地方政府管理的整体功效。     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

The Obama Administration and United States Trade Policy

For all the focus on economic issues in the wake of the crisis of 2008 the Obama administration has remained ambiguous about a central component of economic policy. As both candidate and President, Obama has sent mixed messages about trade policy. This ambiguity reflects wider uncertainty within the Democratic Party about global trading relationships and this paper explores and assesses the reasons for this uncertainty. A large part of the answer lies in the disparate sources of support for the Democrats. That is, the party has courted support from interest groups and core groups of voters that have widely divergent views about the value of trade liberalisation.     

行政监察专员制度：破解公共治理难题的制度选择

环境污染、劳工权益保护、土地资源破坏、食品药品安全监管等许多公共治理难题,给政府治理能力带来严峻挑战。如何借鉴国外先进治理经验破解现代化进程中的治理难题,是我们必须认真探讨的重大课题。行政监察专员制度为我们提供了一种崭新的思路。     

国家治理体系中的地方立法

在国家治理体系与地方立法之间有一个中间环节,那就是中央和地方两个积极性。地方立法可以通过中央和地方两个积极性这个中间环节,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。认真对待地方立法的政治属性,有助于处理好维护国家统一、维护中央权威与发挥地方立法的创造性、自主性之间的关系。认真对待地方立法的法律属性,有助于强化地方立法的法理基础与法治意识。兼顾政治性与法律性的地方立法,是充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性,进而推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要支撑。     

社会管理创新的市场化导向研究

在我国,市场化为导向的社会管理创新原则要求:要把握政府的经济能力界限,培育市场经济赖以生存的土壤;把竞争引入到公共行政领域,建立公共服务的竞争机制;采取更为严厉的市场管理手段,维护市场经济秩序,培育市场活动参与者的规则意识和市场意识。