论对行政自由裁量权的司法监督

行政自由裁量权是行政机关拥有的一种行政权,自身存在着职权被滥用的条件.为了对其实施有效的监督,必须充分发挥司法监督的专业性强、监督效果好的优点,这有利于促进行政机关严格执法,提高行政管理的效能,建立现代法治国家.在司法监督过程中,司法机关主要应从行政机关运用行政自由裁量权的法律根据、目的、内容、程序等方面进行审查,以作出正确的裁判.为了更好地发挥司法监督的作用,必须从扩大司法审查行政自由裁量行为的范围、确立适当的司法监督原则、加强判例指导等方面健全和完善对行政自由裁量权的司法监督.     

论我国司法鉴定启动权制度改革

司法鉴定启动权制度是司法鉴定程序中的重要组成部分,不仅影响着司法审判的客观公正性,更关系到当事人诉讼权利的保障.本文通过对两大法系司法鉴定启动权制度进行比较研究,在结合我国司法鉴定制度现状的基础上,对我国司法鉴定启动权制度改革进行了分析,并提出了相关建议.     

The effectiveness of judicial instructions on eyewitness evidence in sensitizing jurors to suggestive identification procedures captured on video

Journal of Experimental Criminology - One of the legal safeguards designed to educate jurors about eyewitness evidence is judicial instructions. However, their effectiveness in sensitizing jurors...     

The effects of judicial admonitions on hearsay evidence

Using a simulated civil case, this experiment investigated whether mock jurors: (a) are able to disregard hearsay evidence when admonished to do so, (b) experience psychological reactance and "backfire effects" in proportion to the strength of judicial admonition instructing them to disregard hearsay evidence, and (c) are able to recognize and disregard hearsay evidence without judicial instructions. Results indicate that jurors were unable to disregard inadmissible hearsay testimony in some legal decisions regardless of whether there were judicial instructions to do so. Jurors exhibited backfire effects paying more attention to inadmissible hearsay evidence when they were strongly instructed to disregard it. More specifically, juror backfire effects were evident in both their confidence in their liability verdicts and in their punitive damage awards. The legal and policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

提单管辖权条款的审判实务争议问题分析

从合意性和合法性两方面阐述认定提单管辖权条款效力应考虑的主要因素,分析对等原则就提单管辖权条款的影响情形、适用标准和适用理由,认为互惠原则不应影响该条款的适用,依法推导出提单管辖权条款对包括货物保险人在内的债权受让人具有约束力的结论,建议《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》另行规定提单管辖权条款的非排他性或者设定严格的适用条件,以维护中国外贸进出口企业的合法利益.     

CHN骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值

目的探讨CHN(中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法)骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值,分析影响其准确性的因素及相关问题。方法对522例年龄鉴定者,均选用不同曝光值拍摄两张左手腕部正位X线片,并加照两次斜位片。使用CHN法测评骨龄。结果522例中男性489例,女性33例。男性达CHN骨龄最高值18.4岁者129例,余平均骨龄16.5岁。女性达CHN骨龄最高值17.3岁者14例,余平均骨龄15.7岁。CHN骨龄在16.0岁以上者共388例,占约74.3%。本组资料显示多种因素影响骨龄鉴定的准确性,其中以骨龄片位置及角度的变化等影响最大。结论如能获得高质量的X线片、并能熟练使用CHN法、注意利用位置和角度的变化正确判定骨骺分级,CHN骨龄基本可满足活体年龄鉴定的需要。     

司法实践中“道德法律化”的困境

在司法实践中，“道德法律化”判决结果混淆了道德与法律的本质区别，其在逻辑前提、价值定位上尚需探讨。本文以许霆案为素材，从其价值层面分析“道德法律化”中隐含的道德标准绝对化、一元化和道德约束强权化的倾向，阐明其对社会道德生活存在的潜在威胁及其对“合法、独立、平等”的司法原则之核心价值的影响。     

保障海洋发展战略改革完善中国特色的海事司法管辖制度

在海洋强国与“一带一路”战略的历史背景下,结合海商法规范的特殊性和关联性特征,在对海事司法管辖实行“三审合一”的历史与现实思考的基础上,分析了建立中国特色的海事司法管辖“三审合一”制度的有利条件和障碍,提出以海法典模式修改《中华人民共和国海商法》,开展海事司法管辖“三审合一”的试点,成立高级海事法院,建立稳定的、专家型的海事审判队伍的建议,进一步完善中国特色的海事司法审判制度,维护我国海洋权益、公平处理海事纠纷,促进海商法与时俱进,进而引导国际新规则.     

论非法证据排除规则的两种立法模式

本文通过对英美两国有关非法证据排除规则的发展历史及其具体法律规定的考察,归纳出非法证据排除规则的两种立法模式:强制排除模式和裁量排除模式,并在总结其他国家的立法经验和教训的基础上,提出在我国确立非法证据排除规则应采取裁量排除的立法模式.     

The consideration of ecological safety in judicial practice — also on the ecological safety legislation

Ecological safety has been one of the hot issues of environmental law in recent years. The maintenance of ecological safety has become one of the legislative principles, as exemplified by the revision of the Law of Sand Prevention and Sand Management and the Law against Solid Waste Environmental Pollution, and the relevant rules that will be established. However actual cases will still happen, whether the legislators have made the statutory law or not. While scholars and legislators are debating, the judges have to handle cases and render judgments. Through the analysis of a case, this article will discuss the feasibility for judges to make ecological safety considerations in the judicial process by applying the principle of good faith and will also discuss the legislative issues related to ecological safety.     

列宁社会主义司法体制的构想及其实践

作为世界上第一个社会主义国家的缔造者,列宁所阐发的司法思想影响了整个社会主叉阵营的司法体制建构和司法制度的形成.虽然列宁所创立的前苏联已经解体,但是他所创立的社会主义阵营仍然存在.今天,正确评价和认识列宁对社会主义司法体制的构想,与时俱进地借鉴列宁社会主义司法体制构想的合理成分,对于完善我国社会主义国家司法体制,仍然富有时代意义和理论价值.     

医疗侵权案件地方司法指导文件证据规定研究

我国部分地方法院制定了有关医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件审理的地方性司法指导文件,其中关于举证责任分配等证据内容既有成功之处,也存在一些问题。这些文件制定的成因主要是基础法律法规的变动,相关司法解释的缺位以及现实案件审理的强烈需求。这些规定也将为国家制定相关司法解释提供有益的借鉴。     

司法行政关键词疏议（之一）

在法学界,“司法行政”或许是一个带有宏大叙事色彩的概念,涉及面广、内容庞杂、专业技术性不明显往往是“司法行政”给人的第一印象,这也是迄今没有出现成熟的所谓“司法行政学”学科的主要缘由所在。其实,我更主张对司法行政理论采取分论式的、解剖麻雀式的研究,研究司法行政的微观问题也同样可以出大成果。法国著名思想家米歇尔·福柯就“监狱的诞生”问题撰写的《规训与惩罚》一书,绝对堪称20世纪人类最杰出的学术著作之一。用随笔式的语言梳理“司法行政”的关键词,其实也是司法行政理论研究、法学研究的一种有益的尝试。笔者试图对司法行政领域的若干关键词陆续进行梳理,但愿能为读者“了解”和“理解”有些令人匪夷所思的“司法行政”的“庐山真面目”拓一脉新思路。     

司法行政关键词疏议（之二）

要解构和反思“普法”这个关键词,不妨首先对普法工作中频频提及的“依法治国”这个概念作一解析,因为这关涉到“普法”的基本价值取向。 依法治国的关键首先就是依法治“吏”而不是依法治“民”,这已是法学界达成的基本共识,中央有关高层领导也有类似讲话。法治的重点对象理应是作为公共权力行使者和公共事务管理者的各级官员。然而,依然有不少领导干部将依法治国误读为“依法治民”,只要自己辖区的老百姓被法令管得老老实实、服服贴贴,不上访、不闹事就可高枕无忧地稳坐官位。这种将法治视为约束和管制老百姓的思维定势其实是带有封建专制色彩的法律工具主义的体现,显然与“遏制公共权力和保障个体权利”的现代法治理念格格不入。     

民事诉讼证据中有关鉴定的诠释与规则适用探讨

新《民事证据规定》涉及鉴定条款占所有条款数量的四分之一,其中,新增条款又约占整个鉴定条款的60％.这种大幅度对鉴定问题的修订,彰显出鉴定在民事证据中的重要地位与实践中的突出作用.这些有关鉴定条款的修改、新增和删除,除理顺民事证据规定与民事诉讼法及其相关解释的关系和回应民众对鉴定的需求外,侧重于人民法院对鉴定委托的管...     

Population data on the 11 STR loci in the Upper Silesia (Poland)

Smuggling of methamphetamine is affected by enforced regulation and international situation, resulting in changes of precursors and synthetic methods used. Enantiomer ratio of methamphetamine can provide information concerning its precursor and synthetic method. This information is useful for the prevention of smuggling methamphetamine and its precursor, and resultant reduction of methamphetamine abuse. In the present study, we investigated on the enantiomer ratios of 433 crystalline methamphetamine samples seized in Korea from 1994 to 2005. Excluding 17 samples of low purity, 416 samples were used for enantiomer profiling. The methamphetamine samples were derivatized with (S)-(+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride ((S)-(+)-MTPACl), and the derivatives were analyzed by GCMS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The enantiomer ratios of the samples were calculated from the standard calibration curves of each enantiomer, both of which showed good linearity in the range of 0-1.2 microg. Most of the seizures were pure S(+)-enantiomer, but 21% (95 of 416 samples) contained R(-)-enantiomer above 1%. They began to appear from 1997, and increased continuously up to 50% in the year 2005 (55 of 111 samples). From this study, we could find out that alternative precursors have been used recently for the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine seized in Korea.     

Sentencing rationales, judicial discretion, and the practice of criminal fines in Israel

Much attention has been paid over the last three decades to the examination of the criminal fine, its administration, enforcement policies, and effectiveness. Yet, one research topic has often been overlooked: the link between sentencing rationales, judiciary discretion, and fining policy. The present research, based upon ninety hours of phenomenological semi-structured interviews undertaken in a random sample of forty active Israeli magistrates, six hundred verdicts, and quantitative data regarding the fining policy in Israel, analyzed the degree of harmony/disparity between these variables. The main findings revealed lack of confidence in the ability of the criminal fine to successfully achieve different penal objectives, scarcity of knowledge of actual fining administration procedures, and a high degree of harmony between fining rationales and ideology.     

英国证据法中的律师特权规则及借鉴意义

在对抗制诉讼模式的影响之下,为了确保当事人能够自由地与其律师进行信息交流以获取合法的法律意见,英国证据法规定了律师特权规则.作为一项具体的证据规则,英国证据法中的律师特权具有丰富的内容,包括特权的适用范围、除外规定、延续性、放弃以及第二位证据等.在我国司法改革的背景下,借鉴英国的司法理论和实践经验,构建适合我国国情的律师特权规则,对于完善我国的证据制度具有重要的意义.