Technological innovation in law enforcement

Using data from two studies an analysis was made of producers' involvement in marketing new law enforcement equipment and of how law enforcement organizations came to adopt/reject these products. In general, the new product system in law enforcement was seen as involving 1) producers using technologies developed in other sectors to make “new” products for law enforcement users who 2) tend to not actively search for new products but wait to be made aware of new product developments and who 3) tend to engage in limited testing procedures.     

新精神活性物质检验鉴定面临的挑战和对策

新精神活性物质更新快,种类繁多,缺乏国际条约的监管,列入联合国管控目录困难,加之一些国家和国际社会对大麻等毒品管控降低,给我国在新精神活性物质类毒品的监管带来困难.具有成瘾性和社会危害性的新精神活性物质才能成为列管对象,毒物分析技术人员在列管程序中扮演极为重要的角色.我国对新精神活性物质的监管法规规定了相关列管程序,毒...     

Lack of clarity as a ground in opposition proceedings

This case concerns whether the opponent can raise clarity objectionsunder Article 84 of the European Patent Convention to thoseparts of the claims that were not amended in the new request.In addition, the case considers the admissibility of a new request(that is, new claims) filed for the first time in oral proceedingsbefore the Board.     

Quantifying law in police-citizen encounters

The way researchers have traditionally measured police action limits their capacity to test legal theories and shed light onto the determinants of law at the initial stage of the criminal justice process. This paper describes extant police action measures and their limitations, offers a new measure that taps variation in the amount of law police officers use in encounters with citizens, presents the results of an analysis that utilizes the new measure, and discusses the implications of this new measure for legal research.     

和谐社会语境下公共政策之公共利益解读

公共政策作为社会利益的调节器,始终应该以公共利益作为出发点和目的。对于公共利益的内涵界定,多年来一直是学界讨论的热点。在建构和谐社会的新语境中,公共利益无疑被赋予了新的意义,那么,重新解读这一点,无论对公共政策,还是和谐社会都有重大的理论和实践指导作用。     

Organizational Readiness for Change in Correctional and Community Substance Abuse Programs

Significant needs exist for increased and better substance abuse treatment services in our nation's prisons. The TCU Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) survey has been widely used in community-based treatment programs and evidence is accumulating for relationships between readiness for change and implementation of new clinical practices. Results of organizational surveys of correctional counselors from 12 programs in two states are compared with samples of community-based counselors. Correctional counselors perceived strong needs for new evidence-based practices but, compared to community counselors, reported fewer resources and less favorable organizational climates. These results have important implications for successfully implementing new practices.     

当代国际行刑领域正在发生的变革

20世纪70年代由于监狱人满为患,重新犯罪率持续不降,很多国家开始在行刑领域进行改革。其基本内容包括:拓宽行刑目的,从矫正目的论发展到矫正、惩罚、帮助罪犯重返社会与剥夺多元目的论;改革监狱管理制度,从实施累进处遇制发展到推行危险管理制度;变革矫正制度,将"传统矫正"制度发展为"项目矫正"。我国需要研究国际社会在行刑领域的行刑变革理论与实践。     

Validation of the Direct Analysis in Real Time Source for Use in Forensic Drug Screening

Abstract:  The Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ion source is a relatively new mass spectrometry technique that is seeing widespread use in chemical analyses world-wide. DART studies include such diverse topics as analysis of flavors and fragrances, melamine in contaminated dog food, differentiation of writing inks, characterization of solid counterfeit drugs, and as a detector for planar chromatography. Validation of this new technique for the rapid screening of forensic evidence for drugs of abuse, utilizing the DART source coupled to an accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer, was conducted. The study consisted of the determination of the lower limit of detection for the method, determination of selectivity and a comparison of this technique to established analytical protocols. Examples of DART spectra are included. The results of this study have allowed the Virginia Department of Forensic Science to incorporate this new technique into their analysis scheme for the screening of solid dosage forms of drugs of abuse.     

Studies document gender differences in HIV risk and impact

According to new studies, women account for half the new HIV infections in Aboriginal people, and women who inject drugs are at higher risk than their male counterparts.     

论习近平法治思想中的国家安全法治理论

保证国家安全是当代中国的头等大事,国家安全日趋稳固是新时代党和国家事业取得的重要历史性成就。法治是保证和维护国家安全的基本方式和根本之策。习近平通过论述我国国家安全风险形势、依法防范化解国家安全风险等问题,阐释了新时代推进国家安全法治建设的现实需要;通过论述坚持总体国家安全观、统筹发展和安全等问题,阐释了新时代推进国家安全法治建设的指导思想;通过论述加强国家安全法治各环节建设等问题,阐释了新时代推进国家安全法治建设的总体进路;通过论述维护重点领域的国家安全等问题,阐释了新时代推进国家安全法治建设的重点任务。习近平国家安全法治理论是习近平法治思想的重要内容和有机组成部分,为我国新时代取得维护国家安全的历史性成就奠定了理论基石和提供了行动指南,对我国在新征程上不断加强国家安全法治建设具有极为重要的理论和实践指导意义。     

War and democracy in ancient Greece

In the present paper we analyse some of the preconditions for the emergence of democracy in Ancient Greece. For democracy to emerge in Ancient Greece a combination of several enabling factors proved decisive: the development of new military tactic, the phalanx, marked by the appearance of a new type of heavy infantry warrior, the hoplite, who owned individually some property, i.e. land, sufficient to permit him to finance his weaponry and a city-state culture. We describe the emergence of this new type of warrior, link this emergence to the establishment of individual property rights and show how this brought about a military revolution, exemplified in a new tactical formation, the phalanx. We then proceed by showing how the attitudes and learning processes made necessary by this new type of warfare were transformed in the civic values and virtues that shaped democratic institutions. Our thesis can thus be briefly termed as the “military cum city-state” explanation of democracy.     

Changes in Brazilian Public R&D Institutions Management: The National Institute of Technology Case-Study

Based on the experience of the National Institute of Technology (INT), this paper sets out to analyze some of the organizational changes adopted by this R&D institution to fit the new demands of valorizing research results. First, are discussed the elements of change that allow to consider the emergence of a new paradigm for administering the research system in Brazil. Second, are presented the changes introduced to the INT. The hypothesis is that these changes are meant to introduce new criteria for selecting projects and to evaluate performance in order to create a dynamic interaction with economic agents. The capacity to adopt new orientations seems to be a necessary condition for INT to remain within the Brazilian research system.     

新时期中国共产党在农村执政基础建设中面临的机遇和挑战

不断加强党在农村的执政基础建设是时代的一个主题,是全党的一项重要任务,尤其是广大农村党员干部一项义不容辞的责任。本文主要运用矛盾分析法,分别从国际新环境、国内新形势、党自身情况的新变化角度出发,分析巩固党在农村的执政基础所面临的一系列机遇和挑战。     

Majority Party Change and Committee Jurisdictions in State Legislatures

Committee jurisdictions are important in legislative organization, but the reorganization of jurisdictions has received scant attention, particularly in state legislatures, where the fluidity of committee organization allows us to examine rationales for change. In this article, I examine whether new majorities use jurisdiction reorganization for agenda‐control purposes. Examining 39 state legislatures between 2003 and 2012, I test whether committee patterns are less stable in legislative sessions under new majorities and the extent to which reorganization reflects party priorities. I find that new majority parties eliminate committees that reflect the other party's policy priorities and create committees that reflect their priorities.     

降解生物检材DNA分析研究新进展

在法医检案过程中,如何从降解生物检材中获得正确的DNA分型是法医学界的一个难题.本文对降解生物检材DNA分析研究取得的新进展进行综述,从检案的各个环节出发对近年来提高DNA分型成功率的方法和技术进行了详细介绍,例如新型遗传标记的开发和二代测序技术的应用等.希望为降解检材的分析提供新的思考和方法.     

Issues in the global applications of methodology in forensic anthropology

The project and research reported in this collection of articles follows a long-term historical pattern in forensic anthropology in which new case work and applications reveal methodological issues that need to be addressed. Forensic anthropological analysis in the area of the former Yugoslavia led to questions raised regarding the applicability of methods developed from samples in other regions. The subsequently organized project reveals that such differences exist and new methodology and data are presented to facilitate applications in the Balkan area. The effort illustrates how case applications and court testimony can stimulate research advances. The articles also serve as a model for the improvement of methodology available for global applications.     

迈向专业化的中国宪法学——以2006年发表的部分宪法学学术论文的分析为例

本文以2006年发表的宪法学论文的实证分析为基础,以中国社会转型与宪法学功能的相互关系为视角,介绍了宪法学研究取得的新进展,分析了宪法学研究中存在的问题,并就如何进一步提高宪法学的专业化水平提出了建议。     

A decade of rapid change: the outlook for human resources management in the '80s

The new decade also means a new chapter for personnel professionals. From our research, interviews and observations during the '70s come these predictions for the '80s.     

Technological Strengths in Mature Sectors--An Impediment or an Asset for Regional Economic Restructuring? The Case of Multimedia and Biotechnology in Baden-Wurttemberg

Baden-Württemberg's innovation system, which is characterised by a high degree of institutionalisation as well as a predominance of incremental innovations and medium technology finds itself in a profound process of transition. The paper discusses whether Baden-Württemberg's strength as an industrial district dominated by mature industries is an impediment or rather an asset with regard to developing new promising technological sectors in the region. The paper focuses on two newly emerging sectors: multimedia and biotechnology. Because of the strong orientation of actors in Baden-Württemberg to established companies in the core industries and the dominance of established organizational networks there is a lack of stimuli for developing new industries. Thus, institutional innovation and new networks are required to speed up the growth of the new industries. Baden-Württemberg can be expected to cope with the transition to the extent that it builds a close connection between its existing sectoral strengths and the new growth industries.     

Expert testimony in cult-related litigation

The work of forensic psychiatrists has expanded into the controversial area of cases involving new religious movements. Challenges to the expert witness in such cases include new questions and a large body of relevant literature. Published appeals decisions have appeared with judicial comments on the conduct of the involved experts. This article presents the comments about expert witnesses from judges who decided cases involving the major new issues of coercion both in recruitment into and forcible abduction from cults, and competency to join and make donations to these groups. The judicial comments are evaluated using relevant literature from the fields of law, psychiatry, and religion. This provides a basis for general observations and suggestions regarding the involvement of psychiatric experts in cult-related cases.