Book Reviews

Book Review in This Article:
T he C radle W ill F all . By Mary Higgins Clark
T he V erdict . By Barry Reed, J.D.
C ases and M aterials O n P harmacy L aw . By Helen Wetherbee and Bruce David White
T he L unar E ffect : B iological T ides and H uman E motions . Arnold L. Lieber, M.D.
C hild P sychiatry and the L aw . Edited by Diane H. Schetky, M.D. and Elissa P. Benedek, M.D.
P atients : T he E xperience of I llness . By Mark L. Rosenberg, M.D.     

Book Review Section

Book reviewed in this article:
M alpractice and O ther M alfeasances . By Stanley M. Rosenblatt
T he S pectre of M alpractice . By H. Barry Jacobs
T he C are & M anagement of T he S ick and I ncompetent P hysician . By Robert C. Green, George J. Carroll
T wins . By Bari Wood and Jack Geasland (New American Library, New York
T he B aby in the B ottle . By William A.     

Book Reviews

Book Review in This Article:
THE P olitics of R egulation Edited by James Q. Wilson
T he G reat B illion D ollar M edical S windle By Keith Alan Lasko, M.D.
A merican L aw of M edical M alpractice By Steven E. Pegalis, J.D., and Harvey F. Wachsman, M.D., J.D.
H idden V ictims : T he S exual A buse of C hildren By Robert L. Geiser     

Book Reviews

Book Review in This Article:
T he B itter P ill : D octors , P atients , and F ailed E xpectations . By Martin R. Lipp, M.D.
S cience and C onscience . By Milton R. Wessel
R ights and R esponsibilities in M odern M edicine : T he S econd V olume in a S eries on E thics , H umanism , and M edicine . Ed. by Marc D. Basson     

Book Review Section

Book reviewed in this article:
P ain and P rofit : T he P olitics of M alpractice . By Sylvia Law & Steven Polan
J ean's W ay . By Derek Humphry
S alesman S urgeon . By William Mac-Kay
P roblems in H ospital L aw (3d Edition). By David G. Warren
M edicolegal A spects of H ospital R ecords . (2d edition). By Emanuel Hayt     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
T he M edusa and the S nail . By Lewis Thomas
B roca's B rain . By Carl Sagan
A P rivate B attle . By Cornelius Ryan and Kathryn Morgan Ryan
S mall F utures : C hildren , I nequality , and the L imits of L iberal R eform . By Richard H. de Lone for the Carnegie Council on Children     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
T ender M ercies , by Rosellen Brown
P sychiatrists and the L egal P rocess : D iagnosis and D ebate , edited with commentary by Richard J. Bonnie, LL.B.
F orgive and R emember : M anaging M edical F ailure . By Charles L. Bosk
T he S wine F lu A ffair : D ecision -M aking on A S lippery D isease . By Richard E. Neustadt and Harvey V. Fineberg     

Archaeology, science and forensic anthropology: a tribute to Dr T. Dale Stewart

The name, T. Dale Stewart is synonymous with physical anthropology. To many members of the physical anthropology section, particularly those born in the latter half of this century, he is perhaps best known for his 1979 Essentials of Forensic Anthropology. Without a doubt, much of the foundation of this discipline rests upon his teachings and influence. Few knew him in the capacity that William M. Bass did, as T. Dale Stewart was a member of Bass doctoral committee. Bass was greatly influenced during the time he spent working with Dr. Stewart in the 1950's and the instruction and guidance Stewart instilled in Bass has and will continue to be passed on to subsequent generations. Research was Dale Stewart's main emphasis and he succeeded in demonstrating the value of investigation and how results were crucial in explaining many of the processes manifest on skeletal material. Clearly his hypothesis-based approach became essential to skeletal biology and numerous procedures and methods employed in the field are synonymous with the teachings of Dr. T. Dale Stewart. By reflecting on several recently completed interdisciplinary research projects, the far-reaching impact of his knowledge and instruction can be demonstrated.     

A stability study on Gc subtyping in bloodstains: comparison by two different techniques

The limits of determination of Gc subtypes in bloodstains were compared between the immunofixation method and the sulfosalicylic acid precipitation method using isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. By the immunofixation method Gc subtyping in bloodstains was successfully made at 37 degrees C after 7 weeks, at room temperature after 17 weeks and at 4 degrees C even after 25 weeks storage. By the sulfosalicylic method Gc subtypes were no longer able to be determined a few weeks after stain formation. The superiority of the results obtained by the immunofixation method makes it the recommended method for the Gc subtyping from bloodstains in medicolegal practice.     

BOOK REVIEW DEPARTMENT

Book reviewed in this article:
I ntroduction to L aw and the L egal S ystem
B usiness L aw —P rinciples and C ases —F ifth E dition
A rbitration of L abor -M anagement D isputes
D ata P rocessing C ontracts and T he L aw
T he N ominalistic P rinciple : A L egal A pproach T o I nflation , D evaluation and R evaluation
T he B enchwarmers : T he P rivate W orld of T he P owerful F ederal J udges     

血液中乙醇检验全自动体系的建立

目的建立血液中乙醇含量检验的自动化体系。方法采用自动化工作站提取-顶空气相色谱检验。在自动化工作站提取中,对负压采血、顶空瓶密封时间、取样针进行考察优化,并对自动取样和手工取样进行比较。结果乙醇的自动化工作站提取-顶空气相色谱检验的定量分析数据稳定,两份平行样品相对相差小于5%,优于手工提取。乙醇含量在0.1~3.0 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999),重现性好。结论该方法具有操作简单快捷、实验流程更加规范、实验数据更加准确、消除人工操作误差、重现性好等特点,可广泛应用于血液中乙醇定性定量的检验鉴定。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
S uffer the C hildren : T he S tory of T halidomide , by the Insight Team of The Sunday Times of London
M edical M ystery : T he T raining of D octors in the U nited S tates , by Steven Jonas, M.D.
N urse , by Peggy Anderson
T he H ouse of G od , by Samuel Shem, M.D.     

北京地区尸食性蝇类调查

目的了解北京地区目前尸食性蝇类数目及常见尸食性蝇类的季节分布。方法采用动物尸体或组织诱捕和饲养的方法采集尸食性蝇类标本,对其进行分类保存后进行观察和统计。结果北京地区尸食性蝇类为4科9亚科21属46种,其中有12种是北京新记录种。尸食性蝇类具有区域性分布和季节性分布的特性。结论北京地区尸食性蝇类及常见的尸食性蝇类季节分布数据,可为相关研究提供参考依据。     

20723例亲子鉴定中19个STR基因座的突变分析

目的观察并分析肯定亲权关系的案件,探索STR基因座的突变规律。方法采用Goldeneye 20A试剂盒对20723例肯定亲权关系的案件筛选等位基因突变事件,统计各基因座的突变率和突变等位基因的来源、片段大小、突变步数及重复单位的增加或减少情况,分析突变相关因素的特点。结果 19个STR基因座共发现548例突变,观察到557个突变事件,基因座的突变率为0.07‰~2.23‰。父系突变与母系突变的比例为3.06∶1。突变以一步突变为主,增加与减少重复单位的情况相当;二步以上(含二步)突变更易出现重复单位减少。突变主要发生于中等位基因,重复单位增减比例相当,长等位基因突变中重复单位减少显著多于增加。父系突变出现重复单位增加与减少的比例相当,母系突变重复单位减少较增加多见。结论各基因座的突变率差异具有统计学意义,当出现1~2个基因座不符合遗传规律时,应当加测其他检测系统,并结合突变基因座的信息计算PI值,以进一步明确鉴定意见。     

金属硫蛋白1A和2A的mRNA时序性表达(英文)

目的研究大鼠肌肉挫伤后金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的时序性表达。方法 54只SD大鼠被分成挫伤组(挫伤后0.5、1、6、12、18、24、30和36 h组各6只)和对照组(6只)。所有总RNA均取自大鼠的骨骼肌。利用SYBR GreenⅠ法进行RT-q PCR检测大鼠挫伤骨骼肌中MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的相对表达量。结果 MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA在损伤后的变化趋势与损伤时间具有一定的相关性。除了挫伤后0.5 h组外,其余各组MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的表达量与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。损伤后1 h、6 h、12 h、18 h MT1A m RNA和MT2A m RNA的相对表达量呈现逐渐上升的趋势,在18 h时达到了峰值,分别为对照组的(239.41±15.20)倍和(717.42±50.76)倍;损伤后24 h时两者的表达量均明显减少;损伤后30 h再次上升,随后下降。结论 MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA可能对损伤时间推断有一定的意义。     

民法典的不朽——兼论我国民法典制定面临的时代挑战

民法典超越时空的魅力表现在它能够适应现实社会的发展,完成时代赋予它的历史使命,而不是单纯地靠"权力"推进。时下,关于民法典制定的相关讨论没有切中时代挑战的核心问题和趣旨,而且我国学术研究状况尚不能为我们应对挑战提供充分的理论支持。中国民法典的制定应该建立在民族自豪感的基础上,通过更加深入而细致的研究之后,成为21世纪的里程碑。     

事件相关电位客观评估视敏度的法医学应用

目的研究不同视敏度水平的事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)成分特征,以期为视敏度的客观评定提供理论依据。方法选取16名被试进行单眼刺激。要求被试眼平视前方屏幕,注意屏幕中央的视觉刺激并对朝向不同的刺激进行计数。屏幕的中央会显示3种不同视敏度水平所对应的视标刺激图片,分别记录其ERP结果。结果 (1)阈上视敏度水平一致刺激的P_1振幅高于阈值、阈下视敏度水平一致刺激的P_1振幅,阈值和阈下视敏度水平一致刺激的P_1振幅差异无统计学意义,冲突刺激与一致刺激在3种视敏度水平的趋势类似。(2)阈上和阈值视敏度水平都出现了潜伏期在340~500 ms内的P300成分;阈下视敏度水平在相应的时间窗内无P300成分。3种视敏度水平的P_(300)振幅差异有统计学意义,振幅由大到小分别为阈上、阈值、阈下视敏度水平。结论 ERP技术可以成为法医学客观评定视敏度的新手段。     

大鼠死后肌肉电导率与腐败程度的关系

目的分析大鼠死后肌肉电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)、肉类食品腐败程度指标挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)与死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)的关系,探讨EC作为尸体肌肉腐败程度评价指标的可行性,为该法用于PMI推断奠定理论基础。方法健康SD大鼠颈椎脱臼处死后,保存在28℃环境中,于死后不同时间点提取大鼠后肢肌肉组织,用去离子水制成质量浓度为0.1 g/m L的肌肉浸渍液,并测量所得浸渍液的EC值和TVB-N含量。分析EC(x_1)与TVB-N(x_2)的相关性,建立二者关系的回归方程;分析两指标与PMI的相关性,并分别建立两指标与PMI(y)关系的回归方程。结果肌肉浸渍液EC、TVB-N随PMI的变化曲线走势基本相同;EC与TVB-N呈显著直线正相关,回归方程为x_2=0.14 x1-164.91(R~2=0.982);EC、TVB-N与PMI显著相关,回归方程分别为y=19.38 x_1~3-370.68 x_1~2+2 526.03 x1-717.06(R~2=0.994),y=2.56 x_2~3-48.39 x_2~2+330.60 x_2-255.04(R2=0.997)。结论大鼠死后肌肉EC与TVB-N变化趋势一致,可以作为反映尸体肌肉腐败程度的指标,为腐败尸体PMI推断的相关研究提供方法。     

道路交通事故死亡案例驾驶员损伤特征分析

目的针对交通事故中驾驶员和乘客的损伤,辨别驾驶员损伤的特征性改变,从而为交通事故中准确认定驾驶员提供科学的证据支撑。方法对2006—2014年间,黑龙江省垦区内126例汽车交通事故死亡案例数据进行回顾性研究,分析汽车事故死亡案例驾驶员损伤特征,探讨驾乘人员损伤的法医学鉴定要点。结果驾驶员颈部、胸部、腹部的损伤多见,可检见汽车部件所致特征性损伤。乘员仅头面部及四肢与汽车接触部位有特征性损伤,其他部位未检见可明确汽车部件所致特征性损伤。结论损伤部位、类型与死亡人员的驾乘身份有关。     

心肌缺血-致命性心动过缓血清代谢特征分析

目的探讨心肌缺血-致命性心动过缓大鼠血清代谢特征。方法制作心肌缺血-心动过缓-死亡(myocardial ischemia-bradycardia-sudden cardiac death,MI-B-SCD)大鼠模型,以假手术组为对照组,应用气相色谱质谱联用仪检测死后血清代谢谱,结合代谢组学策略分析血清代谢特征。结果 MI-B-SCD大鼠血清代谢轮廓与对照差异显著。与假手术组相比,MI-B-SCD大鼠血清赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、嘌呤、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、尿素、乳酸含量明显升高;琥珀酸、棕榈酸、酮己二酸、甘油醛、己烯二酸、辛二酸含量明显下降,其中多种差异代谢物之间存在相关性。结论 MI-B-SCD大鼠血清代谢显著改变,赖氨酸与嘌呤有较高的诊断MI-B-SCD价值,可望为心源性猝死的法医鉴定及临床防治提供参考。