狄骥对现代公法理论的重构——从主权到公共服务

狄骥提出了现代公法的重要命题,认为现代国家职能已经发生或者应当发生根本性变化:从主权的统治到为公众服务。狄骥细致地分析这一变迁的理论前提和表现,探讨这一理念的变化对公法体系,尤其是行政主体、行政行为和行政诉讼的深远影响;但由于狄骥仍立足于现代性浪潮中,对其理论重构过程也只是批判性地继受的过程。     

Bringing Cinderella to the Ball: Teaching Criminal Law in Context

Alan Norrie, Crime, Reason and History: A Critical Introduction to Criminal Law , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993, xx + 279 pp, pb £16.95.     

论宗教身份对出家人的私法和公法能力的影响

出家就是抛弃世俗社会的行为规则,采用灵修世界的行为规则。民法是为世俗的国民制定的,原则上不适用于出家人,他们有自己的身份法。无论是天主教还是汉传佛教,莫不如此。此等法限制出家人的民事权利能力,由此完成世俗社会与灵修世界的区隔。所以,公民的权利能力一律平等的规定是错误的,因为出家人的权利能力受到了限制。这种限制是他们自愿承受的,所以,权利能力不得放弃的命题也是错误的。     

超越数据界权:数据处理的双重公法构造

数据财产权益如何界定是一个备受关注的立法难题。关于数据界权的讨论,在其权益构造上歧见丛生,在其权益基础上又含混不清或似是而非。贸然推动数据要素确权立法,可能不利于数据的公平获取使用。基于控制的数据处理,是数字经济和公共管理服务运行的实然状态,它受到合同法、侵权责任法、反不正当竞争法等法律规范的有效调整。无论是否能够妥当进行数据确权,都需要确立一个数据处理秩序,而公法构造不可或缺。这个公法构造是双重的,第一重是数据处理的规制体系,第二重是公共数据的开放利用。数据处理的双重公法构造能够超越数据确权,形成促进数据要素流动和价值分配的秩序构造,提供数字经济和数字政务服务持续发展的法律框架。     

From Public Sociology to Public Philosophy: Lessons for Law and Society

The late Philip Selznick's final book, A Humanist Science, examines the role of values and ideals in the social sciences, including the study of law and society. Throughout his academic career, Selznick was committed to what he called “legal naturalism,” a sociological version of the natural-law perspective, while his critics continue to adhere to various forms of positivism. But the age-old opposition between natural law and legal positivism today may be giving way to the quest for public sociology—a sociology that promotes public reflection on significant social issues and thus functions as a moral and political force. A Humanist Science ends with a strong plea for public philosophy. Public philosophy overlaps with public sociology but is a much stronger concept. Selznick's message of public philosophy may be another of his enduring contributions to the field of law and society.     

公共服务与反垄断法豁免制度

公共服务业的发展体现着国家干预。公共服务适用反垄断法豁免的经济学基础为自然垄断,其法学基础为公共利益理论。但上述两个理论基础的演变,使公共服务领域适用豁免的制度正在受到限制。     

The Changing Structure of Opportunity: Recruitment and Careers in Large Law Firms

Growth and bureaucratization have begun to transform patterns of recruitment and career development in large law firms. Based on a case study of four large Chicago firms, this article examines these changes and their implications. The findings indicate that the social composition of large firms has become substantially more heterogeneous with respect to the status of law school attended, gender, and ethnoreligious background. However, data on lawyers' careers suggest that associates entering firms today face an increasingly bureaucratic organizational context marked by higher levels of turnover, earlier and more intensive specialization, decreased levels of client responsibility, and more frequent assignment to large-scale litigation. The article also addresses the dynamics of individual choice over type of work performed in firms. Lawyers initially working in litigation fields are far more likely to change fields of practice than are lawyers who begin in office practice fields, reflecting the increased tendency for firms to assign new associates to litigation as well as the alienating propensity of large-firm litigation for many associates. Paradoxically, a greater proportion of lawyers in traditionally organized, general service firms than in bureaucratically organized, specialty firms report that their choice of work was dictated by the firm. Also, somewhat surprisingly, the frequency with which firms explicitly direct lawyers into particular fields has not increased from earlier periods. The article concludes that these anomalies result from the fact that firms control the career choices of lawyers, and always have, but that the way such control is exercised varies across firms and historical periods.     

公共服务理论与行政法学的转型

公共服务理论是行政法学发展的理论支点。以公共服务理论为基础,行政法学将会发生一次深刻的转型,即由以控权论为基础的传统行政法学转向以公共服务理论为基础的现代行政法学。现代行政法学在价值理念、行政范围、行为模式、救济方式等方面都将突破传统行政法的疆域。     

论公用事业的法律调整:法域归属与理念定位

私权(私法)自治与公权(公法)强制是逻辑统一的理论体系。公用事业的法律调整,应该确立起私权主体在提供公共产品中的本位地位和私权自治理念,以及公权机构在维护公共秩序中的主体价值和公权强制理念。公用事业法律调整的根本意义在于确保公用事业产品的效率供应,由此奠定的公用企业的本位地位决定了法律调整的私法性质。在现阶段大规模基础设施投资和建设的条件下,检讨和完善我国公用事业立法具有重要的现实意义。     

实证视角下契合民意与法治的诉讼调解

实证调研表明,民众对纠纷解决的价值追求与法治大体是契合的,大部分民众倾向于通过法院解决纠纷,但他们并没有顺理成章地将依法裁判作为解决纠纷的主要方式,而是更倾向于诉讼调解.作为调解与审判的结合点,诉讼调解既蕴含着现代法治理念,又兼顾到我国注重人际和谐的传统文化.立足于中国国情,调解与判决应同属解决纠纷的手段,二者不仅与人治或法治并无必然的对应关系,而且均是实现法治的重要方式.因此,诉讼调解本身是法治的有机组成部分,但现阶段的调解与诸如“马锡五审判”等历史经验应有所区别,现代型调解只有充分地体现法治的基本精神,才能满足当事人的价值追求和利益诉求,这既是纠纷解决机制多元化理念下诉讼调解得以发展的现实空间,也是诉讼调解与法治建设同步发展的必然之路.     

Bringing the State into Constitutional Theory: Public Authority and the Constitution

This article brings the state into constitutional theory by presenting a theory of the development of the American state from the late 19th century to the present. The focus of the theory is the ability of the national state to exercise sovereignty or public authority over civil society. The main thesis is that the Constitution did not establish a government with a level of public authority adequate to the requirements of a modem democratic state. The result was a mismatch between the demands of civil society and the competence of state institutions, causing a reorganization of the political institutions of civil society in the early 20th century and a crisis of public authority in the 1960s. The United States continues to experience the consequences of an imbalance between the state institutions established by an 18th-century constitution and 20th-century democratic politics.     

卫生法学专业设置现状及人才培养模式探讨

本文对国内外卫生法学专业设置的现状进行了介绍和分析，并从适应医疗卫生事业发展、满足卫生执法实际需要的角度出发，对卫生执法人才的培养模式进行了探讨，提出了最佳的解决方案。     

从法律视角看中国事业单位改革——事业单位“法人化”批判

<正>前言事业单位改革与经济改革几乎同时开展。与经济改革相比,事业单位改革的成就并不显著。事业单位的进一步改革如何进行,具体措施依赖于政策判断,而政策判断又依赖于决策者对事业单位现状和改革方向的认识。本报告旨在提供可能会对决策有用的分析和建议,因此,作者将尽量保持客观分析的立场,避免将本报告变成某种价值判断或者理论的宣传。     

推公益服务促普法宣传创法治延庆

“五五”普法以来,北京市延庆县紧紧围绕实施生态文明发展战略、建设绿色北京示范区的目标,积极构建农村公益法律服务体系,扎实开展法制宣传教育工作,深入推进县域法治建设,并作为北京市“法治县区”创建的试点县启动了“法治延庆”建设工作,取得了显著成效。     

Event Studies and the Law: Part II: Empirical Studies of Corporate Law

This article is the second part of a review of the event studymethodology, which has proved to be one of the most successfuluses of econometrics in policy analysis. In this part we focuson the methodology's application to corporate law and corporategovernance issues. Event studies have played an important rolein the making of corporate law and in corporate law scholarship.The reason for this input is twofold. First, there is a matchbetween the methodology and subject matter: the goal of corporatelaw is to increase shareholder wealth, and event studies providea metric for measurement of the impact upon stock prices ofpolicy decisions. Second, because the participants in corporatelaw debates share the objective of corporate law, to adopt policiesthat enhance shareholder wealth, their disagreements are overthe means to achieve that end. Hence, the discourse can be empiricallyinformed. The article concludes by sketching the methodology'suse in evaluating the economic effects of regulation. Whileevent studies' usefulness for policy analysis is by now familiarin the corporate law setting, we hope that our two-part reviewwill suggest appropriate applications to other fields of law.