西欧社会党党内民主改革的启示

自中共中央做出关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定以来，理论界对外国执政党兴衰成败的经验教训探讨．已成为执政理论研究中的一个重要课题。作为有重要影响的现代政党，西欧社会党独特的执政经历及其党内民主改革的做法经验．是值得我们深入探究的。     

世纪之交西欧社会党的改良重心、方法和依据

如果说二战以后社会民主主义(民主社会主义)在改良资本主义的道路上做的是“正题”、新自由主义重振资本主义的方案是一个“反题”的话,那么,当代西欧社会党以“第三条道路”为破题方式、按超越左右政治框架的逻辑来解决问题的思路,就表现为一个“合题”。在做这个“合题”时,西欧社会党的改良重心是为了解决经济利益和社会公正之间的新矛盾,其基本改良方法是在全球化进程中实现经济利益和社会公正之间的新平衡,而这次改良运动的依据,仍然是它们所推崇的社会民主主义基本价值观。     

世纪之交西欧社会党的理论创新与政治归依

世纪之交西欧社会党的理论创新是通过以下四条路径来实现的:从“阶级政治”过渡到“后阶级政治”,从全面规制走向注重实效,从注重结果平等到机会平等与结果平等并重,从传统政治运作方式到关注新政治问题。作为这一理论创新成果的“第三条道路”虽然提出了解决新时代复杂政治问题的新思路,却消解了西欧社会党传统的社会主义身份特征,使之在政治上完全溶合于资本主义。     

欧洲福利国家的改革及其对我国构建和谐社会的启示

二战后在主要资本主义国家普遍建立起来的福利国家制度在20世纪80年代初开始逐渐陷入困境。面对此种情况,欧洲国家纷纷对其福利国家制度进行了不同程度的改革,取得了一定的成绩,但并未使福利国家制度真正摆脱困境。尽管如此,欧洲福利国家改革的经验和教训对我国构建社会主义和谐社会仍具有一定的启示意义。     

划分福利国家制度模式的新方法

划分福利国家模式是福利国家研究领域的一个重要分支。为了更准确的考察福利国家模式的分类,我提出三个尺度:一是从纵向上看福利国家所提供福利保障水平的高低,二是从横向上看福利国家所提供福利保障覆盖面的大小,三是从福利分配机制看是国家还是市场占据了主导地位。据此,可以把世界主要福利国家划分为五个大类:A类:高福利+低市场+普救型;B类:高福利+高市场+普救型;C类:低福利+低市场+普救型;D类:低福利+高市场+补救型;E类:低福利+高市场+补救型。     

福利国家的风险及其产生的根源

本文从政治学和社会学相结合的角度,分析了福利国家作为一种社会制度形态,在其制度设计过程和制度运行过程中所存在的风险及其表现形式,探讨了风险产生的经济根源和社会根源,通过对福利国家风险的分析,为我国构建可持续发展的社会保障制度提供某些理论参考。     

福利国家改革面临的结构性问题——基于福利国家生产系统和分配系统视角

本文从资本主义政治经济结构入手,基于福利国家生产系统和分配系统视角,深入分析了福利国家改革以来面临的结构性问题:福利扩张和民主制度之间的悖论;阶级冲突和二次分配之间的消长;全球化带来的规则趋同性和资本主义内部差异带来的制度多样性之间的矛盾。这些结构性问题成为福利国家改革所必须面临却又难以解决的问题。然而,只有从生产系统和分配系统的结构性视角,我们才能发现这些问题,并深刻把握福利国家乃至资本主义发展的脉搏。     

超越发展型国家与福利国家的共同富裕治理体系

本文选取国际上两种重要的现代化模式——东亚经济起飞时期的发展型国家与西方二战后形成的福利国家——作为“认知对比镜像”,论述我国共同富裕治理体系的主要框架和特征,从经济、社会、生态和数字化发展等多维角度阐释了共同富裕治理体系的内涵。党政国家体系的高动员度、市场体系的高竞争度和社会的高活跃度,共同构成共富治理体系的多元驱动力量。与发展型国家和福利国家相比,共同富裕治理体系呈现出多目标特征,它综合经济高质量发展、橄榄型社会结构构建、公共服务优质共享、绿色发展、文化发展和数字化发展等多元复合目标,从而超越了工业时代发展型国家与福利国家的治理体系。     

养老保险改革的自反性与福利国家平等危机——罗桑瓦隆对福利国家正当性的透视

2020年,法国通过了《法国全民退休金改革法案》,试图整合"碎片化"的养老保险制度,但引发了激烈对抗,法国养老保险制度改革陷入自反性困境。罗桑瓦隆认为,社会保险产生于资本主义的第一次平等危机,即通过再分配减少身份特权不平等,在"无知之幕"下实现个体相似性平等。后工业化社会的到来使"无知之幕"被撕开,差异性成为平等的新内涵。法国养老保险制度改革冲突的实质是逐渐显性化的差异性特质与普遍性制度要求之间的矛盾,即福利国家遭遇的第二次平等危机。而差异性平等的实现无法再单纯依赖再分配,需要以关系平等重塑福利国家的正当性。     

“北欧福利国家及其批判”论析

曾一度以高经济增长、低失业率以及广泛的社会保障在国际上享有盛誉、备受世界各国推崇的北欧福利国家,在经济全球化和欧洲一体化进程中遭到了国内外各界的批判。国内外对其局限与困境、危机和变革给予了广泛关注并进行了深入分析,这些论析对于全面认识北欧各国社会民主党实行的福利国家政策,深入了解民主社会主义的特征和局限性,厘清民主社会主义同科学社会主义的本质区别具有重要意义。面对我国社会主义市场经济建立和完善过程中出现一些问题,一些人对社会主义、共产主义失去了信心,转而盲目崇尚北欧社会民主党推行的北欧福利国家,在这一背景下,运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,对北欧福利国家以及国内外各界对之所做的批判进行深入剖析,对于从根本上澄清各种错误观点,消除各种模糊认识,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

论内保工作发展趋势——走社会保安服务之路

传统内保工作体制受到市场经济的挑战,改革这种体制是大势新趋.本文认为内保工作走社会保安服务之路是社会化分工的需要,是经济发展的趋势,是西方发达国家政府鼓励发展的方向,它比传统的内保工作具有明显的优势,走社会保安服务之路是今后内保工作发展的趋势.     

意识形态安全视域下社会思潮的新发展态势及其批判

在新中国70多年的社会发展变革中,多样化社会思潮不断涌现,并与马克思主义意识形态产生了激烈的论争,呈现出新的发展态势:在理论演进上,从注重抽象的学术争辩转向注重现实政治诉求;在现实关切上,从宏观的社会发展道路转向微观的利益分配;在国际交互态势上,从国外思潮不断向国内思潮转化;在话语辐散上,从知识分子话语扩展到大众话语;在传播方式上,从传统媒体时代的单向度传播转向全媒体时代的多向度传播。新时代马克思主义意识形态建设要科学把握社会思潮新的发展态势,切实增强马克思主义意识形态对当代中国多样化社会思潮的凝聚力与引领力,从而保障国家意识形态安全,提升国家治理效能。     

The Politics of Social Welfare Reform in Urban China: Social Welfare Preferences and Reform Policies

China’s social welfare reform since the mid-1980s has been characterized as incremental and fragmented in three dimensions—social insurance, privatization, and targeting. This paper attempts to explore the micro-foundation of China’s urban social welfare reform by examining the diverse social welfare preferences and the cleavages among societal groups. It argues that the diversity of the societal groups’ preferences for social welfare has given rise to two lines of cleavage in urban China with respect to social welfare—between state sector and non-state sector employees and between labor market insiders and outsiders. The Chinese authoritarian regime’s political priority—economic growth with social stability—has induced the government to accommodate public social welfare preferences in social welfare policies. Therefore, the three dimensions of Chinese social welfare reform policies since the mid-1980s reflect and respond to the social cleavages derived from societal groups’ different preferences for social welfare.     

意识形态治理视域下政党形象建构论析

从意识形态视角审视,政党形象建构是一个围绕政党意识形态发展而丰富自身内涵的过程。在当前意识形态治理新理念下,政党形象滞后于主流意识形态新要求、多元意识形态纷争对政党形象的内涵侵蚀、网络意识形态场域中政党形象的传播困境,凸显了政党形象与意识形态之间的张力。因此,党的形象建构必须在坚持马克思主义意识形态核心地位的同时,注重在意识形态语境创新和治理方式创新中推动政党形象内涵的细化发展,提升政党形象的知晓度与感受度,积极利用新型媒介打造政党的媒介形象。     

Managed Liberalization of the Dutch Welfare State: A Review and Analysis of the Reform of the Dutch Social Security System, 1985–1998

In this article the changes that have been implemented in the Dutch social security system are analyzed. The extensive changes are characterized as a form of "managed liberalization." This characterization points to the paradoxical nature of these changes. On the one hand a certain liberalization can be observed (an increase of social insurance and the administration of social security via the market) while on the other hand the control of the system by the state is also increasing. This process of managed liberalization, however, takes place under an umbrella of lasting universal social protection: entitlements are still determined by law and remain collective. In this article the changes in the Dutch social security are described extensively, interpreted theoretically and analyzed in their consequences for the level of social protection. By following the process of institutional change the system of social security has undergone, the authors also try to find out what the causes of the changes are and what determines the direction the process has taken.     

新马克思主义福利国家理论探析——兼谈对我国福利制度建设的启示

社会福利领域的新马克思主义是分析福利国家危机的重要路径.欧费发展了马克思的观点,提出资本主义的自我瘫痪趋势.他指出为了克服这种趋势,资本主义开始实行福利国家保障战略和行政性再生产战略,最终形成了福利国家.然而旨在维持商品交换关系的福利国家的各种政策、措施却是去商品化的策略,它排斥商品交换关系,侵蚀商品形式,福利国家的产生导致了资本主义更深层次的矛盾.欧费认为只有通过新社会运动达到生态社会主义才能解决这一难题.欧费的理论对中国福利转型有一定借鉴意义.     

Public Support for Corporate Social Responsibility in the Welfare State: Evidence from Sweden

Several scholars have claimed that we are currently witnessing a growing saliency of so‐called ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR). Yet, while there is a lot of work suggesting that public opinion might prompt firms to behave in socially responsible ways, there is a lack of empirical studies exploring the extent ordinary to which citizens actually support CSR. Moreover, the state is conventionally theorised as the main institutional device for governing markets and their social consequences, and there is a growing literature exploring the relationship between CSR and the state. On the basis of these observations, this article juxtaposes public attitudes towards CSR and state intervention in the market. Considering that attitudes might vary across groups with different structural relationships to the firm, this study also looks at the social bases of support for different attitude profiles. Using Swedish survey data collected in 2011 and latent class analysis, the empirical results demonstrate that most Swedes in favour of CSR are highly supportive of state intervention in the market. The study of social cleavages restates this pattern: social groups with fewer marketable resources are strongly over‐represented in supporting a combination of CSR and state intervention in the market. No clear social profile is found for the relatively small group of people who support CSR but not state intervention. It is concluded that voluntary CSR is unlikely to offer a serious full‐scale alternative to the welfare state: Swedes continue to think of public authorities as the ultimate institutional guarantor of social welfare.     

社会救助制度变革方向

从英国最早颁布的<伊丽莎白济贫法>至今,国外社会救助制度已经走过了四百多年的历史.在这过程中,社会救助制度随着各国经济、政治、文化理念的发展而不断得到改革和完善.我国目前正处于经济转轨、社会转型阶段,社会救助制度正经历着从传统走向现代的过程.了解国外社会救助制度改革趋势,有益于进一步明确我国社会救助制度未来发展的价值取向,为形成具有中国特色的社会救助模式提供一定的借鉴和启示.     

State TANF Spending: Predictors of State Tax Effort to Support Welfare Reform

State spending on Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) greatly varies. Combined federal and state spending by the states per TANF family or recipient reflects the historic level of state generosity for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the failure of the federal government to set any minimum spending standard for the states, and the failure of the federal government to adjust federal grants for huge changes in state TANF caseloads. Our multivariate analysis shows that state spending for TANF is greatly influenced by the percentage of the state population that is black, the percentage of the state population that is on TANF (especially if a significant percentage of the rolls consist of black recipients), and the economic conditions within the state. Some states spend as much as their economies will allow, while other states spend far below capacity. Despite the very different goals of TANF, state spending is still heavily influenced by their historic approach to AFDC.