共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Markus Naarttijärvi 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(5):1019-1038
This article analyses government deployment of information security sensor systems from primarily a European human rights perspective. Sensor systems are designed to detect attacks against information networks by analysing network traffic and comparing this traffic to known attack-vectors, suspicious traffic profiles or content, while also recording attacks and providing information for the prevention of future attacks. The article examines how these sensor systems may be one way of ensuring the necessary protection of personal data stored in government IT-systems, helping governments fulfil positive obligations with regards to data protection under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (The Charter), as well as data protection and IT-security requirements established in EU-secondary law. It concludes that the implementation of sensor systems illustrates the need to balance data protection against the negative privacy obligations of the state under the ECHR and the Charter and the accompanying need to ensure that surveillance of communications and associated metadata reach established principles of legality and proportionality. The article highlights the difficulty in balancing these positive and negative obligations, makes recommendations on the scope of such sensor systems and the legal safeguards surrounding them to ensure compliance with European human rights law and concludes that there is a risk of privatised policymaking in this field barring further guidance in EU-secondary law or case law. 相似文献
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Racial profiling has received significant consideration in recent years as politicians, police, academics, the media, advocacy groups, and the general public attempt to understand and assess the extent to which this practice occurs in the nation. Despite considerable attention and the investment of substantial financial resources, the question of whether racial profiling exists has eluded a conclusive answer. As more efforts are made to study police traffic stop data, it is crucial that researchers have an understanding of the associated methodological issues. This article considers traffic stop studies from a methodological perspective, discussing the challenges associated with conducting meaningful research of police officer decision making patterns in traffic stop encounters. Using data from a Midwestern community, as well as the experiences of researchers across the country, the authors illustrate and discuss implications for data collection, variables, and data analysis. 相似文献
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Eugenia Politou Alexandra Michota Efthimios Alepis Matthias Pocs Constantinos Patsakis 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(6):1247-1257
The recent enforcement of the GDPR has put extra burdens to data controllers operating within the EU. Beyond other challenges, the exercise of the Right to be Forgotten by individuals who request erasure of their personal information has also become a thorny issue when applied to backups and archives. In this paper, we discuss the GDPR forgetting requirements in respect with their impact on the backup and archiving procedures stipulated by the modern security standards. We specifically examine the implications of erasure requests on current IT backup systems and we highlight a number of envisaged organizational, business and technical challenges pertained to the widely known backup standards, data retention policies, backup mediums, search services, and ERP systems. 相似文献
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Kirk Miller 《Journal of criminal justice》2009,37(6):564
A rapidly growing body of police scholarship has found evidence of racial disparities in traffic stop patterns using police-generated data. Despite the empirical consensus, the question of whether race inappropriately influences traffic stop patterns remains open, largely as a result of methodological weaknesses. The current article helps to address this issue by employing self-report data about citizens' driving practices and traffic stops. It presents a series of models that predict the likelihood of a self-reported traffic stop disaggregated by police organizational type and the reason for the stop. Results suggest that moving and nonmoving driving practices are associated with the likelihood of police stops for moving and nonmoving reasons, respectively. As expected, differences between local police and state police models emerge. Finally, Black drivers and younger drivers are especially vulnerable to traffic stop risk for nonmoving stops by local police, even after controlling for driving behaviors. 相似文献
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Richard CumbleyPeter Church 《Computer Law & Security Report》2011,27(1):58-60
This article looks at the European Commission’s recent revisions to the controller-processor model clauses to allow the transfer of personal data to processors and sub-processors based outside of the EEA. These new sub-processing provisions are the subject of a recent opinion by the Article 29 Working Party that is both helpful and is likely to ease the use of these clauses. However, many of the other problems associated with the use of these clauses remain, especially the lengthy and bureaucratic filing and approval requirements mandated under many national laws. 相似文献
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《Science & justice》2022,62(1):94-109
Video recordings from digital cameras implemented in road vehicles present a valuable source of data concerning various dangerous traffic situations, i.e., road accidents or near-miss incidents. This data is readily available and numerous methods for forensic reconstruction of traffic situations from vehicle video were presented in the past. New alternative method for reconstruction of traffic situations from vehicle video is presented in this article. The method is based on the fusion of kinetic vehicle trajectory simulation within 3D laser scanner point cloud, projective geometry, and processing of video footage from moving vehicle camera. The method offers accurate reconstruction of general vehicle motion within relevant time domain whereby in-depth technical information about traffic incident can be quantitatively extracted from video footage. The result is physics-based 3D projection of simulated vehicle motion on the motion of real vehicle recorded by moving monocular camera. The method was validated within performed experimental test runs with respect to vehicle speed, distance travelled, acceleration/deceleration and directional quantities (yaw rate, yaw angle). The method was further applied in the reconstruction of real-world traffic events. 相似文献
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随着人们生活水平的提高和交通运输业的快速发展,人们的汽车拥有量和低驾龄驾驶人数迅速增加,每年的交通事故数量不断攀升。部分肇事者违背道德、泯灭人性,选择"二次伤害"受害人的现象屡次发生,在他们的潜意识中存在"撞残不如撞死"的错误想法。这种可怕的想法形成的原因与当前我国的交通肇事赔偿制度的不合理有关。因此,必须完善立法,除了通过侵权赔偿的途径外,还必须借助于责任保险和社会救助的途径转移和分散损害赔偿,鼓励肇事者在第一时间积极救治受害人,避免逃逸和"二次伤害"。 相似文献
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骑跨伤在机动车碰撞自行车事故中的特征及生物力学分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的以真实案例为基础,研究自行车与机动车碰撞交通事故中,不同机动车型、交通方式等因子造成自行车骑车人下肢内侧骑跨伤的特征,分析其生物力学机制。方法选取上海地区发生的自行车与机动车碰撞交通事故案例140例,全面收集现场、自行车、机动车、人体、交通方向等信息,运用回顾性研究方法分析,同时,选取其中典型案例,通过计算机仿真技术模拟事故发生过程,提取人体各受伤部位的动力学响应数值,如加速度、力和力矩等,与案例研究结果对比。结果全部事故中出现骑跨伤与无骑跨伤案例频数相等;侧面撞击与前后方向撞击骑跨伤的发生情况无显著性差别;大型车辆撞击事故中出现骑跨伤频率较低;骑跨伤的发生频率随车速加大而增高;就骑跨伤的分布来说,撞击侧下肢骑跨伤位置低(链条、脚蹬管等损伤),而对侧骑跨伤位置高(鞍座损伤),在小型车辆撞击时该特点更明显。结论分析自行车骑车人的骑跨伤特征和生物力学机制有望对道路交通行为方式鉴定提供新依据。 相似文献
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道路交通事故精神伤残评定相关问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,道路交通事故频繁发生,造成严重的人身伤害。许多颅脑损伤患者伤后常出现明显的行为或认知缺陷,创伤性脑损伤患者精神障碍的患病率明显增高,精神伤残的评定日益增多。但同时,关于精神伤残评定的争议也日益激烈。首先介绍国内外精神伤残的相关概念,然后分析道路交通事故精神伤残评定标准存在的不足和缺陷,重点分析道路交通事故中精神伤残程度的影响因素,并介绍精神伤残评定中的检查方法,最后提出解决精神伤残评定分歧的思路。 相似文献
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对于公安交通管理信息系统建设而言,在关键硬件设备采用可靠性技术的基础上,利用相关的软件技术,提供强有力的管理机制、控制手段和事故监控与安全保密等技术措施,创建公安交通管理信息系统备份中心,保障信息数据安全运行、提高容灾能力已刻不容缓。如何搭建公安交通管理信息备份中心的运行平台是规范性和技术性都不可忽视的重大问题。本文从总体需求与技术环境层面,为创建公安交通管理信息备份中心提供基本思路,以期为贯彻落实公安部“金盾工程”作出些许贡献。 相似文献
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BERNARD GROFMAN 《Law & policy》1980,2(3):285-304
We review six recent U.S. Supreme Court cases dealing with the constitutionality of decision-making by juries with fewer than twelve members or operating under verdict requirements less stringent than unanimity. For the issues raised in each of these cases, we contrast the views of Supreme Court justices with data drawn from social science research and from statistical models of group decision processes. 相似文献
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深圳市道路交通事故死亡案例特点分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的探讨道路交通事故死亡案例特点,为预防事故的发生提供可靠信息和参考数据。方法按照死者性别、年龄、死亡原因、事故发生时间及地点、事故车辆类型等相关参数,对深圳市4184例道路交通事故死亡案例进行回顾性分析。结果事故死亡人员以男性为主,男女比例为2.45∶1;事故在6:00~8:00和18:00~2:00发生最多;72%的案例在城郊主干道发生;死者主要交通行为方式分别为步行占44%,自行车骑车人19%,摩托车驾车人15%;肇事车辆以货车为主;死亡原因83.2%为颅脑损伤死亡,13.3%为多发损伤。结论深圳地区道路交通事故死亡案件具有明显特点,具有可防范性。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the effect of the social willingness to comply with the law on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. We analyze a panel of 15 European Union states for 1996–2002, a period for which consistent attitudinal data are available. Using corruption indices, we find that the social willingness to comply with the law has significant positive effects on traffic fatalities with an elasticity estimated between −0.207 and −0.217. Other significant factors are traffic exposure, economic growth, speed, and alcohol consumption. We also find that, whatever benefits laws produce, differences in national traffic rules do not explain divergences in road safety. This result seems to indicate that willingness to comply matters more than legal specificity. 相似文献