走向全面革新的老挝

在老挝人民革命党的领导下，老挝人民在社会主义的道路上经历了社会主义改造、初步发展以及不断探索调整的曲折发展历程。在经受苏东剧变等严峻考验之后，老党经过认真反思，把马列主义同老挝国情进一步相结合，继续全西深入地推进改革事业，领导老挝人民继续沿着革新开放的社会主义道路不断前进。经历了各种风雨的老挝人民革命党理论不断走向成熟，力量也不断得以壮大。     

Implementing Welfare Reform in Kansas: Moving, But Not Racing

Will welfare reform lead some states to race to the bottom?At least for Kansas, the answer appears to be a resounding no.Data gathered as part of the State Capacity Study's analysisof welfare reform suggest that in Kansas, elected officialsand the bureaucracy have responded in a fashion consistent withthe state's political and administrative culture: cautiouslyand incrementally. First, Kansas' welfare reform policy hasbeen driven primarily by bureaucratic decisions. Welfare administrators,supported by the governor, have minimized legislative resistanceto their policy objectives. Second, from the perspective ofwelfare generosity, Kansas has not deviated significantly fromits typical "middle" position relative to other states' policies.Third, Kansas' administration of reform embraces three primarystrategies: decentralized management authority; new links withother agencies to tackle specific welfare problems; and a newlyintegrated approach to frontline welfare case-management.     

Moving to an embodied materialism

Edited by U.K. Green Party members David Kemball‐Cook, Mallen Baker, and Chris Haltingly and endorsed for publication by the Green Party Council, The Green Budget: An Emergency Programme for the United Kingdom was published by Green Print, London, in 1991. Joseph Schumpeter once wrote that the public budget is the “skeleton of the state stripped of all misleading ideologies.”.     

Transportation Access,Rental Vouchers,and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is designed in part to expand the neighborhood choices of assisted households, thereby enabling assisted households to find a living environment that simultaneously meets their housing and neighborhood preferences. While several studies have examined the impact of rental subsidies on neighborhood satisfaction, few have examined whether access to adequate transportation enables HCV recipients to locate housing in more desirable locations. This article relies on data from the Moving to Opportunity experiment to examine the impact of transportation access, rental housing vouchers, and geographic constraints on neighborhood satisfaction. We find that access to both vehicles and public transit positively influences neighborhood satisfaction, and the influence of vehicle access varies with transit proximity. These findings point to the importance of transportation in helping low-income assisted renter households locate housing in more desirable neighborhoods.     

Moving from national to international environmental policy

Environmental problems will increasingly spill over national boundaries. An effective and efficient response to these problems will require international solutions; relying purely on national regulatory mechanisms to address global issues will not suffice. To meet this need, better international environmental programs must be developed that maximize collective gain, enforce property rights, address the range of environmental values present in different countries, and fairly determine who should pay for global-scale pollution control.     

Moving into and out of poor urban areas

Newly available geographical information from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) is used to estimate a variety of relationships involving high-poverty metropolitan census tracts. The longitudinal data from the PSID show a great deal of geographical mobility even for persistently poor adults, with as many as one fourth of certain groups of these entering and leaving poor urban census tracts in a year. At the same time, solution of the transition matrices for various groups—whites and blacks of various income classes, in families with and without children, living in different types of census tracts—in the early 1980s shows the gradual emptying out of poor urban tracts, particularly of whites and blacks in families without children. As a consequence, despite the great degree of geographical “churning,” poor urban areas gradually become poorer, blacker, and the home of a larger share of black families with children. Some of these aggregate trends had been noticed by researchers comparing these areas in the 1970 and 1980 censuses; our more up-to-date results demonstrate the relationships between the micro and macro data.     

Revisiting Tiebout: Moving Rationales and Interjurisdictional Relocation

This article evaluates a key component of the model of localpublic expenditures put forth by Charles Tiebout and embracedby analysts in the public choice tradition. Central to thismodel is the assumption that citizens who are unhappy with localgovernment policies have an incentive to relocate to a differentjurisdiction that offers preferable taxes and services. Usingdata from a survey of actual movers in over fifty communities(including a large central city) located in the two largestcounties of a metropolitan area, we examined factors affectingboth the decision to move and the choice of a new residence.Empirical findings support the expectations of the Tiebout model,showing that tax and service factors significantly influencethe choice of a new residence for those who moved from one jurisdictionto another. The implications of the findings for central citiesare developed.     

齐克果论回归自我

在齐克果时代,黑格尔倡导的公共理性支配着西方世界的价值取向。齐克果认为,在这种价值取向中,人迷失了自我。为了找回自我,齐克果在伦理恐惧中走向亚伯拉罕。作为找回自我的代价,人成为孤独的个体。     

论决策系统的运行机制

决策是各级领导者的首要职责。这个首要职责，用毛泽东的话来说就是“出主意”，而“一切计划、决议、命令、指示等等，都属于‘出主意’之类”。一个领导者，在领导活动中，既要“出主意”，又要把所出的“主意”即决策目标付诸实施。 　　领导者要使决策准确并贯彻到领导工作的始终，建立和完善决策系统中的运行机制是至关重要的。在决策系统中建立和完善运行机制，就是把决策系统的构造、功能和相互关系作为一个有机整体来看待。在决策系统中建立其运行机制，具体内容主要包括以下几点： 　　一、全局与局部相顾机制 　　领导者在决策过…     

A New US-Sino Space Relationship: Moving Toward Cooperation 1

Since the late 1990's the United States has maintained a strict policy of no cooperation with China on space activities. The reasons for that are several, including the desire to inhibit the development of dual-use technology considered potentially threatening to the United States and political reluctance to work with a communist country. Increasingly, however, it has become clear that policy is not constraining China from dual-use technology development and that the policy overall may be detrimental to U.S. security interests. Therefore a policy change, from a realistic consideration of circumstances, must be considered.