Implikasies van die keuse van 'n teoretiese benadering vir beslissings oor navorsingsontwerp

SUMMARY

This article sets out to show that and how the researcher's theoretical approach, that is, the view of communication that derives from his/her ontological, anthropological and epistemological assumptions, determines decisions concerning research design and the application of the findings. Two contrasting theoretical approaches, viz. functionalism and phenomenology, are discussed and the consequences of their assumptions for the execution of research illustrated with reference to two empirical studies. The most important issue arising from their contrary positions concerns the truthfulness of research findings. While phenomenologists maintain that findings must be validated by respondents' agreement that their experience of reality has been truthfully expressed, functionalists argue that research must produce general patterns that may be presented by means of predetermined categories. It is finally suggested that the ongoing debate concerning suitable theoretical approaches is of vital importance to researchers since it highlights their ethical responsibility.     

Speech by Gunsham Seeborun,Founder & President of F.A.L.C.O.N Association,Mauritius

正I present myself; Mr Gunsham Seeborun, Founder President of F.A.L.C.O.N Association.On behalf of F.A.L.C.O.N Association and other affiliated organizations in Mauritius, we would like to congratulate the Communist Party of China(CPC) for its 100 th anniversary. I would like to seize this opportunity to thank the Beijing NGO Network for our sustained friendship throughout these years.     

O157:H7型大肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的肠出血性大肠杆菌保守基因序列Stx1、Stx2设计合成荧光定量PCR引物和探针,对荧光定量PCR的反应条件进行优化,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法.用建立的检测方法对临床分离病料进行了检测,并与常规PCR方法的检测结果做了对比.结果显示,建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法的灵敏度达7.06×103CFU/mL,比常规PCR方法的灵敏度高106倍.用该方法和常规PCR对8种样品进行了检测,证实,该方法与常规PCR的阳性符合率为100%,具有较好的重复性.     

动物性食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7特异性二重PCR检测方法的建立

根据大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7wzx和fliC基因的保守序列设计了2对引物,建立并优化了特异性检测大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的二重PCR体系,扩增产物为395bp(wzx)和1057bp(fliC)。人工培养基中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的检测下限为2.3×102CFU/mL,人工污染的牛乳、猪肉及牛肉中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的检测下限分别为5.8×102CFU/mL、4.3×102CFU/g和3.1×103CFU/g。样品经3h预增菌后检测下限可达3.1×100~5.8×100CFU/mL(或CFU/g)。试验结果提示,针对wzx及fliC基因的二重PCR方法可以快速特异地检测出牛乳、猪肉及牛肉中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的污染。     

George H.W. Bush: Conservative Realist as President

This article explores George H.W. Bush's foreign policy in order to examine what it can tell us about the successes and weaknesses of conservative internationalism as a world view and as an analytic construct for scholars of international relations. First, to what extent, if any, did the Bush administration's foreign policy reflect the course and logic of conservative internationalism? Second, what can the Bush administration's foreign policy tell us about the utility of conservative internationalism as a foreign policy approach relative to alternative approaches?     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1成熟外膜蛋白H基因原核表达最适条件的探索

应用PCR扩增出禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48 1成熟外膜蛋白H基因(ompmH),将ompmH片段按正确的阅读框定向插入原核表达载体pGEX 6p 1中谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)基因的下游,获得了重组表达质粒pGEX ompmH。然后将重组质粒转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3),当转化菌的D600nm值达到0.6～0.8时,对异丙基硫代 β D 半乳糖苷(IPTG)的诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度等条件进行了试验,根据聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳判定融合蛋白GST ompmH表达的最适条件。结果,当细菌的D600nm值为0.6～0.8时,IPTG最佳诱导浓度为0.8mmol L,最佳诱导时间为4h,最适诱导温度为25℃。并用免疫印迹法对表达产物进行检测,结果显示表达的融合蛋白GST ompmH能与C48 1外膜蛋白免疫血清发生特异性反应,证明pGEX 6p 1载体表达的融合蛋白保留了天然蛋白的抗原性。     

Chinese warfare and politics in the ancient East Asian international system,CA. 2700 B.C. to 722 B.C.

Ancient East Asia is the second oldest “protobellic area” and pristine state system of international relations within the global international system, after West Asia (ancient Near East). In a previous study Cioffi‐Revilla and Lai (1995) reported the first findings on the origins and evolution of war and politics in ancient China (Legendary, Xia [Hsia], Shang, and Western Zhou [Chou] periods), ca. 2700 B.C to 722 B.C In this paper we make public an expanded data set (N = 104 cases, 12 variables; version 2.0), explaining our sources, measurements, and data quality control procedures. The new data set will permit investigators to test hypotheses about warfare distributions, ethnic and protracted conflicts, time series, periodicity, system dynamics, and structural relationships (e.g., war‐polarity theories). This new long‐range data set should also promote a new stage in comparative analyses of the universal and particular properties of warfare and international systems, both cross‐polity and longitudinally.     

农杆菌介导O型口蹄疫病毒P12A~*3C基因转化玉米的研究

通过农杆菌介导转化法,将O型口蹄疫病毒P12A*3C基因转化到玉米自交系18-599的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织中,经潮霉素抗性筛选获得25株抗性再生植株。对转基因植株的PCR检测,PCR-Southern及RT-PCR检测表明,目的基因P12A*3C已经整合到玉米基因组中并得到表达。T1代植株的PCR检测表明,P12A*3C基因能稳定遗传,本研究为转基因玉米口蹄疫可饲疫苗的生产奠定了试验基础。     

Commentary on C2 （Sino-U.S. Cooperation）

The fourth round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue was held in Beijing from May 3 to 4 in 2012. At around the same time,the third meeting of the China-U.S. High-Level Consultation on Pe...     

美国学者阿里尔·阿莫尼谈中拉关系

2008年12月,美国富布赖特学者阿里尔·阿莫尼(Ariel C.Armony)博士访问拉美所,就中拉关系与拉美所学者进行座谈.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因真核表达载体的构建

应用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ将片段ompH从重组质粒pMDT-omp H切下,非定向插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3中,经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及序列测定,证实成功构建了禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因的重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3-ompH。将重组表达质粒转染至 COS7 细胞,经RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting检测,证明了外膜蛋白H基因获得了瞬时表达。     

彼得·巴克拉诺夫院士访谈录

编者按:彼得·亚科夫列维奇·巴克拉诺夫是俄罗斯科学院远东分院太平洋地理研究所所长、俄罗斯科学院院士、教授。1946年7月5日他出生在巴什基尔共和国格奥尔基耶夫卡村一个多子女的农民家庭里。他中学毕业后和父母一起来到了萨拉瓦特市定居。以优异的成绩毕业于萨拉瓦特市工业学院,开始当了两年工人,后来在萨拉瓦特市石油化工厂担任设备维修技师。1966年他考入国立莫斯科大学地理系,专攻苏联经济地理,1971年以优异的成绩结束学业。1972年又在该大学经济系完成了政治经济学专业的学习。1971—1973年他作为定向培养的研究生在国立莫斯科大学…     

中国地缘政治的"123……"

纵观历史,但凡大国在兴起之时,或将周边国家建成自家后院,与其结为利益共同体;或在周边地区构建战略缓冲区,避免与潜在敌对国家的直接碰撞.这种地缘政治版图的构建,既为正在崛起的大国延长了安全纵深,也为其经济发展拓展了广阔空间. 19世纪20年代,当美国正在崛起之时,推出了"门罗主义",强调"美洲是美洲人的美洲",反对美洲以外国家干涉美洲事务.经过几十年的苦心经营,美洲逐步成了"美国人的美洲",成了美国的后院,为美国日后的迅速崛起和不断扩张奠定了厚实的地缘政治基础,建立了强大的战略后方.美国之所以至今仍保持超级大国地位,其不可或缺的条件之一就是它仍保留对整个美洲的主导地位.     

NATO''s New Strategy in C. Asia and Its Impacts

Ever since the September 11 terrorist attacks, the United States and NATO have sent large troops to Afghanistan and greatly strengthened partnership for peace (PfP) with Central Asian countries. The recent dramatic political changes in some Eurasian countries have also provided U. S. and NATO favorable conditions to expand their influence and to squeeze Russia-China's strategic space.While U. S. and NATO have steadily become established in Afghanistan and some Eurasian countries, their potential threat to China's security and energy supply from Central Asia is looming large. Therefore, how to cope with the expanding U. S. -NATO's influence in Central Asia and have dialogue and cooperation with NATO have become urgent tasks for China. This article tries to explore and analyze the U. S.-NATO new strategy toward Central Asia and its potential impacts on China's security and its other interests in the region. It also makes some tentative exploration on the possibilities of China-NATO cooperation in the future.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1成熟外膜蛋白H重组亚单位设苗免疫效果的研究

将融合表达禽多杀性巴氏杆菌成熟外膜蛋白H(OmpmH)的重组菌pGEX-ompmH/BL21大量培养,在最佳诱导条件下诱导表达,表达产物经蛋白酶剪切及亲和层析纯化,得到OmpmH基因的原核表达产物,将其与弗氏完全佐剂混合制成油乳剂亚单位疫苗,用该疫苗肌肉注射接种5周龄鸡,首免后每周采血检测抗体,二免后第2周用10 LD50禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒菌株C48-1进行攻击.结果显示,OmpmH具有良好的免疫原性,能诱导鸡体产生特异性抗体,可抵抗强毒菌株C48-1的致死性攻击,免疫效果优于禽多杀性巴氏杆菌弱毒疫苗.