南非的科技发展和国家创新体系

南非的科技水平在非洲处于领先地位,有些领域也居世界前列.南非在矿石开采与冶炼、核能和煤转换油、农业和生物技术、医学等方面的技术具有一定的国际竞争力.但由于该国科技创新能力不足,南非在很大程度上不得不依靠引进外国先进技术.因此,南非政府出于长远可持续发展的需要,制定了科技丫亢头⒄沟墓艺铰杂氪葱绿逑?以加强研发机制的建设和资金投入,使科学技术成为南非经济增长和创造财富的发动机,并提高南非科技产业在国际上的竞争力.     

南非白人政府对经济发展的影响

1994年以前的南非白人种族主义者利用政府权力,干预劳动力市场和收入再分配,并通过直接投资发展制造业,干预经济结构的转型.南非种族主义的政府干预,牺牲了黑人的利益,使白人资本家获得了廉价劳动力和丰厚利润,确立了白人工人在劳动力市场上的优势地位;而在严重损害黑人利益的同时,也给南非经济发展带来了一系列长期的负面影响:国内消费市场狭小、制造业缺乏出口竞争力、收支不平衡,以及严重的失业问题.     

Protest in South Africa: motives and meanings

South Africa is experiencing record levels of protest. Interpretations of protest fall into two groups. First, there is the argument that protests represent only limited rebellion and that though unruly, they are a mechanism for political re-engagement. A second understanding links “new social movements” that address general grievances to wider hegemonic challenges. This article addresses the issue of whether these upsurges in militant mobilization threaten or complement democratic procedures. The article draws from a study of two protest “hotspots” in Durban.     

Determinants of people's participation: a study of rural West Bengal,India

This article considers the determinants of people's participation in local level decision-making spaces in rural West Bengal, India. It defines participation from the perspectives of attending meetings, raising issues, making complaints, and making contributions. The results from a sampled household survey in East Midnapore district of West Bengal indicate that better awareness, increase in land holdings, organisational membership, and political affiliation tend to improve participation. Households showing livelihood dependency and entitlement, and belonging to socially and economically weaker sections are more likely to participate. However, the results point towards the possibility of ‘elite capture’ and ‘clientelism’ in participatory spaces.     

日本与南非经贸关系的发展及特点

在亚洲,较早与南非建立经贸关系的是日本。由于南非经历了南非联邦、南非共和国和民主重建下的新南非等几个发展阶段,日本与南非的经贸关系也随之出现了相应的变化。这期间,两国经贸关系虽然经历了两次世界大战、世界经济危机和国际社会对南非制裁的过程,但一直保持良好的发展势头,并呈现出明显的特点。无论是贸易初建时期的片面贸易、不均衡贸易、贸易高峰期的相互依存性贸易,还是新南非建立后以援助为特色的由“政经分离”走向“政经合一”的贸易,都表现出了日本利己主义的态度。     

南非经济--放眼非洲谋发展

作为非洲的经济强国,南非在成功实现政治变革的同时,保持了宏观经济的稳定,对旧制度造成的种族间经济不平等和二元经济结构进行了改革与调整,经济社会呈现良好的发展势头。南非的发展离不开非洲。与白人种族主义政权时期自命是西方文明一部分的理念不同,南非新政府的发展理念和战略是以非洲为依托。过去十年非洲成为南非最大的出口市场,南非成为非洲最大的投资来源。南非与非洲其他国家间的经济互动,有助于改变殖民主义统治遗留的畸形经济结构、推动区域基础设施的发展、整合地区金融与服务业市场、推动非洲的一体化进程和提高应对全球化挑战的能力。     

Community participation and inner-city slum renewal: relocated people's perspectives on slum clearance and resettlement in Addis Ababa

The article explores the process of residential relocation in inner-city slum renewal in Addis Ababa. Drawing on qualitative research methods involving interviews and focus group discussions with members of relocated households, it examines the nature of people's involvement in inner-city renewal and how it affects their lives. The article argues that the process of planning and implementation of relocation is not only top-down, but also does not involve the perspectives, needs, and livelihood strategies of those affected. The article concludes that the city administration needs to work closely with NGOs, the private sector, and community-based organisations in order to meet the housing needs of relocated households.     

南非学者苏珊·博伊森谈当前南非政治形势

7月18日,应邀访华的南非伊丽莎白港大学社会科学与人文学院苏珊·博伊森博士与中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所的非洲问题学者就当前南非的政治形势进行了座谈.博伊森女士长期致力于南非政治研究,近年来又开始对南部非洲政治进行比较研究,以期对南部非洲多党制和民主制的成败进行评估.她曾多次访问纳米比亚、莫桑比克等南部非洲国家.     

非洲2012年：和平与发展

2012年,非洲大陆虽然存在一些热点,诸如北非和西非的一些国家,但是政局整体上和平、稳定;非洲一体化进程加快进行,有力推动了非洲大陆的发展;中非关系继续向纵深发展,成为南南合作的典范。总之,“和平与发展”依然是非洲大陆发展的主旋律。     

South Africa: The politics of racial terminology

Survey of racial terminology employed in southern Africa since 1652 is discussed     

Economic growth and military spending in South Africa

This study applies a statistical model to examine the overtime relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in South Africa. The model is based on a neoclassical production function, and is developed and estimated for the time period 1950 to 1985. The results indicate that the size effects of military expenditure on economic growth are negative, while the externality effects of military spending are positive. In addition, decreasing foreign investment and increasing domestic unrest are found to have negative impacts on GDP growth. Labor employment is positively related to growth, but non‐white labor is more strongly significant than white labor. These results are consistent with previous cross‐section studies that find some evidence for positive and negative effects of military spending on economic growth.     

South Africa: The Order of Good Hope

Past South African governments already felt the need for honours as instruments of diplomacy in the 1930s, but only instituted the Order of Good Hope in 1973. Inherited British attitudes to honours, the cessation in 1925 of the award of honours bearing titles, and long periods in which civilian honours were not awarded contributed to its frugal use. Wishing to recognize foreign assistance to the liberation movements, from 1994 President Mandela frequently put the Order to use, freely awarding leaders of foreign governments. However, restraint returned after the initial surge. Since instituting new orders in 2003, President Mbeki has emphasised substantial merit as the key to admission.

“Yes, I should have given more praise.” The Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon, became Commander-in-Chief and later Prime Minister of Great Britain, when asked whether there was anything in his life that he could have done better.

     

Political Party Finance in South Africa: Disclosure Versus Secrecy

Litigation initiated by the Institute for Democracy in Southern Africa against all political parties for the disclosure of donations initiated a debate over party-funding regulatory regimes. The case for disclosure and regulation emphasized the causal connection between secret funding and corruption as well as the weakening of democratic practice. An empirical assessment of these claims shows that secrecy has not brought about these predicted effects and that official institutions have been effective in uncovering and prosecuting political and other forms of corruption. Moreover, evidence is presented showing that the disclosure of donors' identities will prejudice smaller, opposition parties to the detriment of South Africa's multi-party democratic system. An appropriate regulatory regime for the country must emerge from a deliberative process, rather than a judicial decision, if it is to be effective. In addition, the regulations must balance transparency against the interests of smaller parties through innovative and country-specific monitoring mechanisms.     

MTN: A South African mobile telecommunications group in Africa and Asia

ABSTRACT

The MTN Group, based in South Africa, is a multinational enterprise from an emerging economy (EE-MNE), operating mobile telecommunications networks in Asia and Africa. It was built up by negotiating licences and by acquiring operators, notably Investcom, a Lebanese-owned firm with operations in Asia, Africa and Cyprus. Such opportunities arose from the liberalisation of national markets and the financialisation of the sector. MTN now has licences from some very unattractive governments, to which it pays taxes, provides wire-tapping, collects metadata and censors content. Its business partners have included political parties, cronies of political leaders and individuals on a United Nations asset freeze list. It denies allegations it displaced a rival in Iran by corrupt means. It successfully became a major international operator, but acquisitions have stopped, forcing it to rely on organic growth and new technologies.