南非的科技发展和国家创新体系

南非的科技水平在非洲处于领先地位,有些领域也居世界前列.南非在矿石开采与冶炼、核能和煤转换油、农业和生物技术、医学等方面的技术具有一定的国际竞争力.但由于该国科技创新能力不足,南非在很大程度上不得不依靠引进外国先进技术.因此,南非政府出于长远可持续发展的需要,制定了科技丫亢头⒄沟墓艺铰杂氪葱绿逑?以加强研发机制的建设和资金投入,使科学技术成为南非经济增长和创造财富的发动机,并提高南非科技产业在国际上的竞争力.     

南非白人政府对经济发展的影响

1994年以前的南非白人种族主义者利用政府权力,干预劳动力市场和收入再分配,并通过直接投资发展制造业,干预经济结构的转型.南非种族主义的政府干预,牺牲了黑人的利益,使白人资本家获得了廉价劳动力和丰厚利润,确立了白人工人在劳动力市场上的优势地位;而在严重损害黑人利益的同时,也给南非经济发展带来了一系列长期的负面影响:国内消费市场狭小、制造业缺乏出口竞争力、收支不平衡,以及严重的失业问题.     

Protest in South Africa: motives and meanings

South Africa is experiencing record levels of protest. Interpretations of protest fall into two groups. First, there is the argument that protests represent only limited rebellion and that though unruly, they are a mechanism for political re-engagement. A second understanding links “new social movements” that address general grievances to wider hegemonic challenges. This article addresses the issue of whether these upsurges in militant mobilization threaten or complement democratic procedures. The article draws from a study of two protest “hotspots” in Durban.     

日本与南非经贸关系的发展及特点

在亚洲,较早与南非建立经贸关系的是日本。由于南非经历了南非联邦、南非共和国和民主重建下的新南非等几个发展阶段,日本与南非的经贸关系也随之出现了相应的变化。这期间,两国经贸关系虽然经历了两次世界大战、世界经济危机和国际社会对南非制裁的过程,但一直保持良好的发展势头,并呈现出明显的特点。无论是贸易初建时期的片面贸易、不均衡贸易、贸易高峰期的相互依存性贸易,还是新南非建立后以援助为特色的由“政经分离”走向“政经合一”的贸易,都表现出了日本利己主义的态度。     

南非学者苏珊·博伊森谈当前南非政治形势

7月18日,应邀访华的南非伊丽莎白港大学社会科学与人文学院苏珊·博伊森博士与中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所的非洲问题学者就当前南非的政治形势进行了座谈.博伊森女士长期致力于南非政治研究,近年来又开始对南部非洲政治进行比较研究,以期对南部非洲多党制和民主制的成败进行评估.她曾多次访问纳米比亚、莫桑比克等南部非洲国家.     

非洲2012年：和平与发展

2012年,非洲大陆虽然存在一些热点,诸如北非和西非的一些国家,但是政局整体上和平、稳定;非洲一体化进程加快进行,有力推动了非洲大陆的发展;中非关系继续向纵深发展,成为南南合作的典范。总之,“和平与发展”依然是非洲大陆发展的主旋律。     

Economic growth and military spending in South Africa

This study applies a statistical model to examine the overtime relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in South Africa. The model is based on a neoclassical production function, and is developed and estimated for the time period 1950 to 1985. The results indicate that the size effects of military expenditure on economic growth are negative, while the externality effects of military spending are positive. In addition, decreasing foreign investment and increasing domestic unrest are found to have negative impacts on GDP growth. Labor employment is positively related to growth, but non‐white labor is more strongly significant than white labor. These results are consistent with previous cross‐section studies that find some evidence for positive and negative effects of military spending on economic growth.     

South Africa: The Order of Good Hope

Past South African governments already felt the need for honours as instruments of diplomacy in the 1930s, but only instituted the Order of Good Hope in 1973. Inherited British attitudes to honours, the cessation in 1925 of the award of honours bearing titles, and long periods in which civilian honours were not awarded contributed to its frugal use. Wishing to recognize foreign assistance to the liberation movements, from 1994 President Mandela frequently put the Order to use, freely awarding leaders of foreign governments. However, restraint returned after the initial surge. Since instituting new orders in 2003, President Mbeki has emphasised substantial merit as the key to admission.

“Yes, I should have given more praise.” The Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon, became Commander-in-Chief and later Prime Minister of Great Britain, when asked whether there was anything in his life that he could have done better.

     

开拓非洲市场的大胆尝试——南非中华门商业中心个案研究

开拓非洲市场，加强中非经贸合作，正日益受到国内企业界和学术界的关注，在这方面既有成功的经验，又存在一些不足。南非中华门商业中心是中国企业开拓非洲市场的一个大胆尝试，它将中国商品市场直接办到非洲，其意义和影响不可低估。     

Local government and housing in South Africa: managing demand and enabling markets

Redressing the inherited inequalities of apartheid has established a complex and challenging context for meeting basic needs in contemporary South Africa. Given the physical and political segregation of apartheid, meeting the demand for housing has been a central development challenge since 1994. But even as local government has been drawn into more responsibility in this area, it must do so while managing complex relationships with private‐sector actors seeking access to basic service delivery previously associated with the public sector. The result is that not only has the structure of local government been dramatically reformed since 1994, it has also acquired a new responsibility to enable markets to work in the name of poverty alleviation.     

From nipples and nationalists to full frontal in the new South Africa: An abridged history of pornography and censorship in the old and new South Africa

ABSTRACT

This article examines the ways in which the South African apartheid regimes approached and dealt with the question of pornography as well as how and why these measures changed after the birth of the new South Africa. Pornography in all its various forms, as an expression of human sexuality, is at once directly and indirectly attached to the freedom of speech and expression. This freedom lies at the very crux of democracy. During the apartheid era, the National Party governments dealt with the issues of pornography, erotica and indeed the expression of human sexuality through a particularly conservative system of regulations and bureaucratic structures. This was replaced, in the New South Africa, with a particularly liberal system. The varied reasons, at once apparent and totally obscure, for both the existence of the old and the creation of the new systems lay at the very heart of apartheid and at the crux of that which replaced it. This article examines how and why the apartheid governments viewed and handled this issue in the way they did and why it was dramatically changed in the new South Africa. The timeline of the article is from the 1890s to the current day.     

CAFIU Delegation Visits Zambia and South Africa

<正>At the invitation of the House of Chiefs of Zambia, University of the Witwatersrand and the Nelson Mandela Foundation, a 5-member CAFIU delegation headed by Deputy Secretary-General Bai Hongkui visited Zambia and South Africa from Oct.     

Marketing communication budget practices in South Africa

Abstract

International experience shows that the correct composition of a marketing communication budget is essential in building long-term brands. Trends in the United States of America (USA), for example, show that the composition of the marketing communication budget is positively skewed towards promotional spend (e.g. direct marketing, promotions, sponsorship and pubic relations). However, experience shows that high promotional spend at the cost of advertising spend (television, radio, magazine, outdoor and cinema advertising) might put long-term sales volumes and branding at risk. With evidence mounting that the marketing communication spend in South Africa is gradually showing a preference for promotional spend at the cost of advertising, fears of marketing communication practitioners that South African firms are buying short-term sales and market share at the expense of long-term brand equity, have increased. To investigate the validity of such fears a primary research study was conducted amongst 250 marketing/brand managers to profile current marketing communication budget practices in South Africa. Resolving the research problem at hand was largely dependent on the validity of the hypothesis which stated that promotional spending in South Africa has reached levels of more than half of the total marketing communication spend in South Africa. The survey results revealed that, on average, a 59/41 ratio currently prevails between advertising and promotional spend in South Africa. This finding contradicts the stated hypothesis and for now, at least, allays the previously mentioned fears of marketing practitioners. However, with the tendency of brand companies to increase promotional spend, budgeters are warned against the long-term risk of promotional spending at the cost of advertising. Because the study also features the most prominent marketing communication tools used and integrated to market products and services in South Africa over the long term, the findings serve as a benchmark for marketing and brand managers when constructing annual marketing communication budgets.     

机遇与挑战并存：世纪之交的南非华人

南非现有华人20万人左右,主要来自中国大陆、台湾和香港,大多集中居住在商业中心约翰内斯堡市、首都比勒托利亚、伊丽莎白港等沿海城市。南非华人以经商为主,从事零售、批发、进出口贸易和开餐馆等。近年来,华人在南非的投资日益增多,涉及纺织、制造、房地产等行业。华文教育虽不易推广,但在华人社团和华人报刊推动下,加之中国国际影响力日益增强,前景看好。华人参政刚刚起步,但步伐很快,而且能代表和维护华人权益。2003年以来,南非华人屡遭劫难,安全处境堪忧,其中主要是南非社会治安的原因,也有华人社会内部的原因。随着中国在非洲的投资速度加快,南非华人移民的数量还会继续增加,不会因安全问题而止步。