对技术措施立法保护的比较研究

技术措施是网络时代保护著作权人利益的重要手段。但技术措施本身也有可能受到破坏,因此保护技术措施成为国际社会的共识。世界知识产权组织两条约要求缔约国保护技术措施,但其规定却模糊不清。美国的立法区分了“访问控制措施”和“著作权保护措施”,禁止规避“访问控制”措施,而且对其不存在“合理使用”例外。欧盟的立法禁止规避任何技术措施,并对“合理使用”的适用加以苛刻的条件。澳大利亚不禁止规避技术措施的行为,力图保留公共“合理使用”的空间。中国的立法过于简单和原则,未能解决有争议的问题。各国立法的巨大差异说明技术措施立法保护涉及复杂的著作权理论问题,特别是“访问作品权”是否存在,以及“合理使用”原则在网络环境下如何适用,因而需要深入研究。     

Critical Legal Studies versus Critical Legal Theory: A Comment on Method

Over the last decade the Conference on Critical Legal Studies (CCLS) has rekindled an important debate about the study of legal ideologies. The work by scholars within this movement is provocative because it demands that we take seriously the contradictory needs and ideological parameters of liberal legalism. The growing body of work associated with this movement has not, however, included a criticism of the ideological underpinnings of legal methods in general and doctrinal analysis in particular. We begin with the premise that scholarship must include a self-critical method.
In Part I—The Political-Economic Constraints of Liberal Legal Scholarship—we explore why questions of methods, i. e. of how one asks and answers questions, has not been a central issue within CCLS. In Part II—Reformulation of Method—we present a beginning toward a framework for developing a self-critical method for understanding legal ideologies.     

欧美转基因食品法律管制制度比较研究

转基因食品自问世以来,其安全性倍受争议。在对其进行法律管制方面,形成了欧盟和美国两大阵营,在管制理念、管制方法和对消费者“知情权”的态度方面形成了鲜明的反差,并引起了双方在转基因食品国际贸易中的激烈对抗。对比、分析两大阵营的法律管制制度,能够为我国相关立法提供有益的借鉴。     

Legal Principles and Legal Theory

Current legal theory is concerned with the presence of principles in law partly because they are at the core of Dworkin's criticisms of Hart's rule of recognition. Hart's theory is threatened by the possibility that the identification of some principles follows an extremely relaxed rule of recognition, or even no rule at all. Unfortunately, there is no conclusive test to ascertain what is the case in actual practice. On the other hand, the evaluative arguments which support Dworkin's proposal of principled adjudication are forceful but not conclusive. Moreover, since ultimate controversy over values is plausible, judicial discretion may sometimes be inevitable.     

各国和地区法律援助咨询比较研究

从各国和地区法律援助立法和司法实践来看,法律援助咨询是律师等法律援助服务人员为当事人提供法律援助的重要方式之一,特别是在一些英美法系国家和地区,法律援助机构通过制定法律援助咨询计划、明确法律援助咨询服务标准,开通全国性或者地区性法律援助咨询热线、网络系统,充分发挥签约律师事务所、法律援助咨询中心及其他法律服务机构专业人士的作用,为社会公众提供了便捷、优质、均衡化的法律援助咨询服务。     

Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory Revisited

This article deals with the relation between a theory of law and a theory of legal reasoning. Starting from a close reading of Chapter VII of H. L. A. Hart's The Concept of Law, it claims that a theory of law like Hart's requires a particular theory of legal reasoning, or at least a theory of legal reasoning with some particular characteristics. It then goes on to say that any theory of legal reasoning that satisfies those requirements is highly implausible, and tries to show that this is the reason why not only Hart, but also writers like Neil MacCormick and Joseph Raz have failed to offer a theory of legal reasoning that is compatible with legal positivism as a theory of law. They have faced a choice between an explanation of legal reasoning that is incompatible with the core of legal positivism or else strangely sceptical, insofar as it severs the link between general rules and particular decisions that purport to apply them.     

隐私权与名誉权之法理比较分析

目前,<民法典>的全面编撰时机已经成熟,有几个版本的草案已经公开,各个版本中的人格权部分都或多或少地存在着对现行法律规范的修改与完善,其中一个共同点是将隐私权确定为一种独立的具体人格权.笔者从司法实践出发,试图以法理分析的方法对隐私权与名誉权进行比较,从中总结出二者之间共同点与区别,以澄清实践中的一些模糊认识.由于已经有一些文章对二者之间的区别论述得比较多,故本文的核心是二者之间的共同点,希望能对人身权法的修改与完善,实践中关于陷私权与名誉权的模糊认积起到一定的益处.     

比较法律科学

最近在比较法研究的复兴过程中,人们不断地努力界定这一法学分支学科的性质和研究范围.有些学者主张,比较法代表一种研究方法,而不是一个法学部门.他们指出这样的事实:对不同法律制度进行比较的技术几乎可以在任何法学分支学科中应用;而且与实证法的各个分支不同,在社会生活中比较法并不能实现某一种确定的功能.特别是法哲学和法史学论者,如布瑞斯(J.Bryce)、[1]霍兰德(Holland)[2]和詹克斯(Jenks)[3]教授,倾向于这种观点.     

亚历山大·佩策尼克的法律转化与法律证成理论

亚历山大·佩策尼克一生的研究重点在于法律论证理论和认识论,特别是法律与正义上的融贯理论,在《作为合理性的理性:论法律证成》一书中提出了一套独特的法律转化与法律证成理论。在他看来,法学结论、司法裁决等既可以在法律语境之中充分证成,也可以在它之外加以证成。前者为法律语境内充分证成,其建立在既有的法律传统之上;后者为深度证成,它们作为商谈之最佳化条件下尽可能根本的证成而被法律人视为正当的前提提供某种支持或者批判。他成功地将法律解释的分析与我们这个时代最为核心的哲学、道德和文化问题结合起来。     

The Derivational Theory of Legal Interpretation in Polish Legal Theory

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - The article presents so-called “derivational” theory of legal interpretation and...     

Legal Theory and Sociological Facts

The authors investigate MacCormick and Weinberger's claim that the Institutional Theory of Law provides a conceptual framework for the study of legal phenomena from a socio-legal point of view. They evaluate this claim by confronting both the Institutional Theory of Law and Weinberger's theory of action with two approaches in socio-legal theory, i.e. the instrumentalist and the constitutive approach. The conclusion is that the Institutional Theory of Law lends itself to empirical research from an instrumentalist perspective, for both place the concept institution in the context of law. Weinberger's theory of action may provide a basis for empirical research from a constitutive perspective. The authors make some suggestions for refinement of Weinberger's theory of action in order that the relation between institutions and action can be labeled dynamic.     

美国女权主义法学:从中心到边缘

西方女权主义法学的兴盛是20世纪不可忽视的学术现象。90年代女权主义又与同时代风靡西方的反主流文化浪潮相契合,带有很强的反主流意识和批判意识,已经被公认为是后现代法学的一个主要的流派。通过对美国女权主义法学的产生背景、发展现状、研究对象以及美国女权主义法学的研究视角从中心到边缘的发展趋势的介绍,以期探讨西方这一新兴学派的发展以及后现代法学给现代法学的传统研究范式所带来的冲击。     

中美律师继续教育比较研究

现代市场经济的竞争,实质是科技和人才的竞争,律师业也不例外。律师要争得应有的地位,求得长远的发展,最根本的是依靠自己能够存国家的民主法制建设中、在经济与社会的发展中发挥举足轻重的作用,能够为社会、为当事人提供高效优质的法律服务。要做到这一点,所有律师必须不断更新知识,学习掌握国内、国际新法律、新业务。律师行业是精英行业,这种精英需要终生学习修炼。