Developmental Trajectories and Intentional Actions

The article turns a critical eye on problems arising from use of largesamples and complicated statistics to handle multilevel designs. I arguethat although these have a legitimate role to play in discovering causalrelations, valuable information can be lost or distorted in the processof their use. Exploratory classification and tree diagrams show howtransitional analyses can unpack effects of community, family, priormisbehavior, juvenile delinquency, and incarceration on adult criminalbehavior. The analyses showed that in the worst neighborhoods, disruptivebehavior had little discriminating power with regard to juveniledelinquency or adult crime. They showed also that good family interactionsserve as protection against crime in all types of neighborhoods. ConstructTheory, I suggest, is a way to understand the influences that seem toproduce criminal behavior.     

关于“以人为本”若干问题的商榷

关于“以人为本”的论述颇多,对其中不准确的理解必须澄清。以人为本提法汲取了中国古代民本思想的精华,但它们在价值取向、“民”或“人”的范围、人的地位方面有明显的不同;以人为本是批判吸收西方人本主义思潮的产物,二者在思想内涵、性质、人的概念、人的地位等方面存在区别;将“以社会为本”放在以人为本之上并不完全符合历史唯物主义,对道德伦理和现实也存在误导的风险。以人为本须以马克思主义为指导,吸收中外优秀文化成果,做到坚持与发展马克思主义并举。     

Consumer perspectives of New Zealand community treatment programmes for sexually abusive youth

Abstract

The aim of this process evaluation was to identify consumer perspectives of strengths and weaknesses of programme delivery at three New Zealand community treatment programmes for sexually abusive youth. Qualitative methods were employed, with data being obtained from in-depth interviews with 24 sexually abusive youth and 23 caregivers across three sites. Results indicated that clients value good pre-entry information to reduce barriers to participation; engagement in treatment is facilitated by the quality of the client–therapist relationship, family involvement, culturally appropriate communication and creative and physical activities; and post-treatment support is important. Findings highlight the importance of engaging adolescents and their families actively during the intake period, the treatment phase and post-treatment transition. They also support the use of flexible and integrated approaches to treatment that attend to the cultural context for ethnic minorities. This suggests that programmes should aim to provide wraparound services that promote engagement during the referral phase and offer transitional programmes and aftercare follow-up. Recognition should also be given to issues of cultural difference by ensuring that cultural services for ethnic minorities are integrated into all levels of programme delivery.     

Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations: Empirical Evidence,Strategies for Professionals,and Research Directions

Several states have passed civil commitment laws that allow the precautionary detention of sex offenders who have completed their criminal sentences. Over 2,500 sex offenders have been committed across states with such statutes and several thousand more sex offenders have been evaluated. Most statutes call for an evaluation of risk by a mental health professional and, although each state statute is worded differently, three main elements common to sexually violent predator evaluations are used to guide evaluators: mental abnormality, volitional capacity, and likelihood of future sexual violence. The current article presents empirical evidence for the main tenants of these forensic evaluations, provides recommendations for evaluators in light of current limitations of evidence, and offers suggestions for future research in this area of forensic assessment.     

现代启蒙精神的式微与大众娱乐理念的狂欢——论新世纪的第五代导演

现代启蒙精神是中国现代知识分子之魂,第五代导演在八十年代登上历史舞台的时候,用特有的影像和镜头传递了这一精神。但是到了新世纪,在第五代导演那里,个性意识丧失、批判意识疏离、人道主义精神迷失,与此相对应的是票房为王、游戏性和纵娱主义的追求。在第五代导演的引领下,中国电影中历史和现实的真实正变得越来越遥远。     

政府管理娱乐服务场所的相关问题及对策分析

目前,我国政府是通过禁止准入制度实现对娱乐服务场所管理的。本文从政府与市场关系这一角度对政府管理娱乐服务场所的禁止准入制度进行了绩效分析和客观评价,认为这一制度设计缺乏妥当性。提出了规范娱乐服务场所的经营秩序应该以规范政府职能部门行为为起点,加强动态管理、重视行业自律,逐步实现以税收调控代替市场禁止准入制度的对策。     

The rate of dissipation of mouth alcohol in alcohol positive subjects

Seven subjects participated in a two-part study to evaluate mouth alcohol dissipation in alcohol positive subjects. In part one, subjects rinsed their mouths with a vodka solution and were breath tested after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min intervals. On average, breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) decreased 20.4% (range 3.2-47.9%) between 1 and 2 min after rinsing. In part two of the study, multiple breath tests were administered after rinsing once with the vodka solution. The BrAC decreased more than 0.020 g/210 L between the first and second tests for all subjects (average 0.095 g/210 L, range 0.021-0.162 g/210 L). The average time for subjects to reach their unbiased BrAC was 9.35 min (range 4-13 min) after rinsing. This study reaffirms the need for duplicate breath testing and confirms that the minimum of a 15-min observation period is sufficient for mouth alcohol to dissipate in alcohol positive subjects.     

商行为特征的法理分析

商主体与商行为是构成商法内容体系的两大基础性要素。现代商法意义上的商行为作为商法规范中最为重要、最为典型、最为普遍的行为,具有明显区别于一般民事行为的法律特征———特定性、营利性、营业性。关于商行为法律特征的分析研究对于完善我国商法理论及立法具有重要价值。     

Index to Volume 32 2002-2003

Cultural and media policy have remained largely distinct fields of research, policymaking, and policy advocacy in the United States. There are, however, significant areas of overlap between these two areas that have not been fully explored. The author examines the linkages between the two fields, covering the traditional lines of demarcation that have separated them; contemporary developments that compel stronger overlap in terms of their substantive areas of concern; the shared, normative principles between the two areas; the benefits of a tighter integration of cultural and media policy; and specific mechanisms for developing stronger linkages between them.     

酒后驾车血液呼气中乙醇检测方法评价

回顾了乙醇中毒检测的一些重要事件和发展趋势,对此领域内的一些先驱及其主要贡献略加介绍,并对血-气乙醇检测方法的原理、优缺点作了说明。血液检测方法包括湿化学方法、酶法、气相色谱法,呼气检测方法包括湿化学方法、电化学方法、气相色谱法和红外光谱法。欧洲血液检测方法进行地比较早,且较深入,北美则对呼气检测方法有比较透彻的研究。     

Legislation Targeting Sex Offenders: Are Recent Policies Effective in Reducing Rape?

In recent years, several pieces of state and federal legislation have imposed new restrictions on convicted sex offenders, including registration with law enforcement agencies, community notification provisions, and sexually violent predator designations permitting civil commitment following a prison sentence. This paper uses panel data for the American states for the years 1970–2002 to assess the impact of these policies on the rate at which rapes occur. Our research finds no evidence that our current policies reduce the incidence of rape.     

Revised equations allowing the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the Total Body Water version of the Widmark equation

Widmark calculations are the most commonly used alcohol calculations to estimate a) the amount of alcohol consumed based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and b) BACs at a set time after consumption of a known amount of alcohol. These calculations are vital in forensic casework. Previous work has demonstrated that using general error propagation-based equations the variability associated with alcohol calculations can be estimated, but these equations have only been determined for the volume of distribution version of the Widmark equation. However, recent investigations have shown that the total body water (TBW) version of the Widmark equation is more reliable than the version that utilizes the apparent volume of distribution of ethanol. To date, there is no general error propagation equation to determine the variability associated the TBW version of the Widmark equation. Using previously published studies of 185 individuals in which alcohol elimination rate (β) and ethanol's volume of distribution were determined, we have shown that there is a negative correlation (?0.247) between the alcohol elimination rate (β) and TBW. Using these data, we were able to produce equations allowing the estimation of the variability of the results calculated using the TBW version of the Widmark equation. This will allow forensic practitioners to give the best determination of the variability associated with Widmark calculations currently possible.