The Struggle For Baltic History

Low levels of social protection under the framework of neo-liberal ideology have characterized Baltic welfare regimes since the 1991 restoration of independence in these countries. The policies’ negative social consequences intensified during the years of austerity, 2007–2009. Although there have been trade union protests against the measures, these have been powerless and scattered. About 10% of the Latvian and Lithuanian workforce fled the country during the first decade of the 2000s, whereas an even greater proportion of the Estonian workforce has temporarily done so. In Albert O. Hirschman’s terms, “exit” occurs in the absence of “voice”. Moreover, disillusionment caused by deteriorating conditions and limited political choices generate a particular type of loyalty without a sense of influence.     

Misreading Mao: On Class and Class Struggle

It has been argued frequently that Mao Zedong's thought is a significant departure from classical Marxism. This break, usually dated from the mid-1950s, supposedly occurred in two areas. First, the primacy of the economic characteristic of orthodox Marxism was replaced by a “voluntarism,” which emphasised politics and consciousness. Secondly, whereas classes are defined in economic terms in the classical Marxist tradition, Mao defined them by reference to political behaviour and ideological viewpoint. This definition derives from the primacy Mao is said to have accorded to the superstructure. This article rejects the second of these interpretations and argues that a fundamental continuity exists between Mao's post-1955 propositions on classes and class struggle and those advanced by orthodox Marxism. In conformity with classical Marxism, Mao conceived of classes as economic categories. Further, both Mao and classical Marxism saw classes as active participants in class struggle in the superstructure called into being by the contradiction between the forces and relations of production. Finally, Mao shared with orthodox Marxism the idea that economic classes are represented in the superstructure by a range of political agencies and ideological forms.     

论山县内阁与民党的政治博弈

站在以土佐派为中心的自由党的立场上来看,虽然其妥协姿态备受社会各界的指责,但由于采取务实主义,与山县内阁展开巧妙周旋,一方面采用强硬手段与其对抗,另一方面不失时机地与之进行妥协,从而充分展示了以自由党为代表的民党的巨大实力。站在山县内阁的角度,其最终无奈地接受占岁出预算政府原案的约7．5％的削减,也明显反映出其遭受了前所未有的重创。     

Somaliland: An African Struggle for Nationhood and International Recognition

This paper investigates the benefits of Chinese companies to the Ugandan economy using data gathered during fieldwork in Kampala. Potential contributions to the Ugandan economy are analysed through a number of economic and managerial factors, and their determinants. This paper shows that potential benefits vary on the basis of sector, investment size and ECCO registration. The potential harm caused by one sector in particular is indicated. The paper presents recommendations regarding how potential benefits can be maximised and harm reduced. Given the increased presence of Chinese enterprises in Africa, these findings are relevant to African policymakers and academics.     

Rethinking Indigenous Politics: The Unnoticed Struggle for Self-Determination in Peru

Most scholars characterise Peru as a country with weak indigenous movements, whose demands would have no influence in regional and national policies, even though its socio-economic structures are similar to those of Bolivia and Ecuador, where indigenous movements are stronger. Based on fieldwork in the northern Peruvian Amazon and Lima between 2012–2013 and 2016–2018, this article argues that pro-indigenous legislation enacted as a response to strong indigenous mobilisation as well as the creation of indigenous autonomous governments in the Amazon express an unnoticed struggle for indigenous self-determination. These social phenomena also raise questions about the common assessment of the strength or weakness of indigenous movements.     

国际资本规则之争的政治经济学分析——以欧洲会计一体化进程为例

按照单一会计标准形成的可比的会计信息是资本市场有效运行的基础。然而,会计绝不仅仅是对经济现象进行客观反映的"信息系统",它更是企业组织中确定绩效衡量标准的权力子系统,代表着不同的社会政治结构;当不同国家的企业在同一资本市场上面对某一特定绩效标准展开竞争时,必然导致国家间权力格局和利益格局的调整,使得会计问题转化为国际政治问题。由此,作为一种重要的资本规则,会计标准并非"中性",其背后隐藏着激烈的国家间冲突。欧共体所追求的实现资本自由流动的目标推动了欧洲会计一体化进程;欧共体成员国间以及欧美之间针对国际会计标准主导权所展开的激烈角逐使得欧洲会计一体化的历史进程更明显地表现为一个政治过程。     

加入WTO对我国就业的影响

中国加入WTO后竞争力不同的行业所受到的就业影响不尽相同,其中汽车工业和农业受冲击最大,需要解决的就业问题最突出,而对纺织工业和机电工业就业的影响较小.纺织工业和机电工业要想在国际竞争中立于不败之地,必须努力加强自身素质,加快资产的战略重组,提高企业的竞争力.     

The Struggle Against Oppression Everywhere: The Global Politics of Palestinian Liberation

This article situates the Palestine Liberation Organization in an international network of liberation movements in the 1960s and 1970s. As such, it is a transnational history of the early days of the Palestinian liberation movement, whereas most scholars have treated that movement inside the confines of the long-running Arab–Israeli conflict. By analyzing the intellectual and political linkages between the PLO and other liberation movements in Algeria, Cuba, and Vietnam, the article seeks to reframe the Palestinian struggle in the context of other postcolonial struggles of that era.