印度外交政策的演变

本文阐述了印度独立后外交政策的确立及发展趋势,分析了印度谋求世界大国地位和主宰南亚地区的外交战略和策略.     

The Zenith of Realism in New Zealand's Foreign Policy

Modern New Zealand foreign policy is a blend of the Liberal Internationalist and Realist approaches to international relations, with the Liberal Internationalist strand arguably predominant. Before 1935, however, New Zealand's foreign policy can be characterised as purely Realist. The governments of the Reform and United parties between 1912 and 1935 gave a high priority to national security, were sceptical of international institutions and had no interest in issues of self-determination, democracy and human rights. These attitudes were challenged by the Labour party Opposition, which possessed a Liberal Internationalist outlook on international affairs, but Liberal Internationalism did not begin to influence New Zealand's foreign policy until Labour came to power in 1935.     

结构现实主义外交政策理论的构建与拓展——兼论对理解中国外交政策的启示

基于当下外交政策研究领域所呈现出的理论有效供给不足的局面,国际关系理论界围绕外交政策能否建立简约系统的理论以及结构现实主义外交政策理论是否可行展开了争论。本文对既有争论进行了回顾和梳理,剖析了结构现实主义外交政策理论的必要性与可行性。在此基础上,深入评估了进攻性现实主义、防御性现实主义与新古典现实主义等现实主义理论分支在外交政策理论探索中的进展与不足。同时,本文对结构现实主义外交政策理论的拓展进行了尝试,试图开拓出更加纯粹、有力的理论发展路径,完善结构现实主义外交政策理论的解释力。最后,运用结构现实主义外交政策理论剖析了中国外交存在的规律性现象,并剖析了其在未来外交政策构建中可能得到的体现与拓展。     

Sources and Transitions of Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction

Chinese foreign policy has multiple sources, and the incentives that are driving its behaviour have grown from the domestic/international, as well as from regional, economic, normative, multilateral, and cultural levels. Foreign policy-making in China is becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. This special issue is drawn from some edited papers presented in the joint workshop between Fudan and Durham Universities on Chinese foreign policy on 29–30 March 2010. By assessing the economic, domestic, regional, global and cultural sources of Chinese foreign policy, we aim to illustrate the various sources and to locate possible ways to consolidate the transitional process, and to spur future endeavour facing China’s foreign policy.     

美国多边主义东亚新政策剖析

奥巴马就任美国总统以来对东亚政策进行大调整,出台了多边主义东亚新政策.东亚由此出现原生性地区多边主义与美国东亚多边主义并行发展的局面.内容上,美国的多边主义东亚新政策是在新形势下对其原有双边主义东亚政策的适应性调整.其在实践中表现为:将双边同盟关系合并或扩展成以美日同盟为核心的各种三边合作机制,在与包括东盟在内的东亚各行为体建立或加强双边友好合作关系的基础上构建各种小多边合作机制,以及选择通过成员资格具有开放性的“东亚峰会”机制加入东亚一体化.实质上,这一新政策与双边主义东亚政策一样是美国用以维持其东亚领导地位的工具.尽管美国的加入使东亚一体化的力量格局趋于平衡,但其带有很强的应对中国实力上升的色彩和将东亚一体化消解人亚太地区一体化中的意图,使东亚局势更加复杂和不确定.     

缅甸外交政策的新调整:从对华友好到大国平衡外交

1988年政变上台的缅甸新军人政权,遭到西方国家的制裁,不得不努力发展与中国的关系,以稳定国内局势。在统治得到巩固后,缅甸新军人政权开始奉行大国平衡的外交政策,即在继续发展对华关系的同时,努力改善与东盟、印度和日本的关系。本文还分析了缅甸奉行大国平衡外交政策的原因:内因是缅甸国内的民族主义情绪不断上升,外因是区域内外各有关国家对中国在缅甸及周边地区影响不断扩大存在恐惧心理。     

一种新的阐释美国外交政策的方法--读《美国外交政策及其如何影响了世界》

人们在对美国外交政策进行分析、阐释和预测时所面临的问题之一是 ,如何以一种适当的方法来解读错综复杂的当代美国外交政策。《美国外交政策及其如何影响了世界》① 一书体现了为应对这一问题而进行的努力。该书作者、美国对外关系委员会的美国外交政策高级研究员沃尔特·拉塞尔·米德向人们提出具有启迪意义的阐释方式。一米德在书中提出的一个核心论点就是 ,正确理解后冷战时期的美国外交政策 ,关键在于承认并理解美国的外交政策传统。米德认为 ,自美国独立以来 ,对外政策在美国的历史进程中发挥了重要作用 ,相对于其他大国 ,美国对外政…     

The Evolution of Russia's Pakistan Policy

Moscow's preoccupation in Eastern Europe in the late 1940's, the distorted image it had of Pakistan and its belief that the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek would be followed by the spread of revolution through the Indian sub-continent tended to discourage the Kremlin from establishing cordial relations with Pakistan.     

The Conceptual Framework of Nigerian Foreign Policy

Afrocentrism is one of the major principles that guide Nigeria's foreign policy behaviour. As the pivot of foreign policy-making Africa has developed into a major concept in guiding Nigerian foreign policy. The goal here is to evaluate the profile of this concept, and relate it to Nigerian foreign policy. Thus this study will analyse the nature and impact of Afrocentrism in the Nigerian foreign policy-making milieu.     

"经济增长阶段论"与美国对外开发援助政策

20世纪50年代,美国著名经济史学家沃尔特·罗斯托(Walt Whiteman Rostow)提出了拥有全球视野、深受"自由主义传统"与"帝国主义理论"影响的"经济增长阶段论",并试图促使美国实施向欠发达国家提供大规模开发援助的"世界经济计划"(World Economic Plan).在推动这一计划的过程中,罗斯托的"经济增长阶段论"得到了约翰·肯尼迪总统的赏识,因此成为1960年代美国对外开发援助政策的理论基础.然而,最终罗斯托既没有达到追求真理的学术目标,也没有实现推动第三世界国家走向"起飞"(take off)的政治抱负.本文重在探讨"经济增长阶段论"(Stages of Economic Growth)的主要内容、意识形态内涵及其影响,从而揭示如罗斯托这样亦官亦学的理论家在推动政策制订和实施方面面临的困境.     

The Evolution of Malcolm Fraser's China Policy

This article explores the evolution of Malcolm Fraser's views on China. While Gough Whitlam is fondly remembered as a trailblazer for normalizing Australia‐China relations, Fraser was a pioneer in rendering a sense of bipartisanship in Australia's China policy. Fraser was not initially a Sino‐enthusiast, however. He came from a background of staunch anti‐Communism and throughout the 1950s and 1960s believed that China posed a major threat to stability in the Asia‐Pacific. The Liberal Party fiercely opposed the Whitlam government's decision to normalise diplomatic relations with China in 1972. Following the Whitlam dismissal in 1975, Fraser became Prime Minister and, in what seemed to be an abrupt departure from the Liberal Party's position, thoroughly embraced relations with China. As Leader of the Opposition, Whitlam called out the hypocrisy of the Liberal Party's radical policy shift. This study examines the domestic and international dynamics that shaped Fraser's views on China and ultimate adoption of a successful China policy. This is the untold story of a crucial turning point in Australia‐China relations under the leadership of a conservative government, in which a strong relationship with China became a cornerstone of bipartisan Australian foreign policy.     

The New Federalism in Mexico and Foreign Economic Policy: An Alternative Two-Level Game Analysis of the Metalclad Case

This article examines, through a two-level game model, the case of the first investment dispute under NAFTA between a private U.S. firm and the Mexican government. It argues that the clue to understanding why the Mexican president could not cooperate with the U.S. president lies in Mexico's domestic "ratification" process. The analysis yields two theoretical propositions. First, federalism represents an important variable in explaining foreign economic policy. Second, two-level game logic should not be applied only to formal international negotiation situations; instead, by specifying the dependent variable as cooperation or noncooperation, these models connecting domestic and international politics can be productively applied to study foreign economic policy.     

泰国他信政府"进取性"外交政策透视

他信政府上台执政三年多来,围绕恢复和发展经济这个中心任务,推行"进取性"外交政策.泰国外交关系全面发展,为国内经济恢复与发展创造了和平稳定的国际环境,开拓了国际市场,同时也使泰国的国际地位和影响得以全面提高,引起东南亚各国以及世界主要大国的关注.