Viewpoint: New Ethics for Space Commerce

The space age is likely to be dominated by space commercial activities. As these activities develop, it is important to consider business values, commercial ethics, and trade discipline. The failure to do so could result in space commercial development on the basis of greed for profit and competitive advantage for advancement, as has taken place on Earth. To better prevent this possibility, this article proposes that there is the need to develop a “New Ethics for Space Commerce” based on high standards of business morality and commercial honesty, with moorings in conscious social responsibility and due regard to ecological sustainability.     

Viewpoint: Space System Negation in the Context of Space Policy and Law

For 21st century warfare, space is the unquestioned new high ground for military operations. The United States (U.S.) has relied on satellites for significant support to military operations and activities since Desert Storm in 1991. Indeed, the U.S. enjoys an asymmetric advantage in modern warfare utilizing our space capabilities. States with interests hostile to the U.S. believe that the significant dependence on space assets by the U.S. military could become its “Achilles heel” in future combat operations. What are the legal and policy bases for the U.S. to respond to threats to space systems that provide support to our military forces? Should the U.S. rely on space arms control initiatives to ensure security in space? This Viewpoint analyzes the international space law regime and U.S. National Space Policy framework applicable to the conduct of military space operations and activities, including the use of force in space to protect and defend our satellite networks as well as our military forces.     

公共政策视野下城镇弱势群体的现状及其政策支持

保护城镇弱势群体的利益是当前中国构建和谐社会亟待解决的主要问题。公共政策的本质属性决定了公共政策必然以社会公正作为自己的价值诉求,因此,政府要通过公共政策调整,关注并解决弱势群体问题,实现社会富裕文明,保证社会公平公正。对其实施的政策支持主要体现在:对弱势群体实行宏观经济政策方面的关怀,要特别关注弱势群体的就业问题;健全合理的税收制度,重视政策创新;加快建立社会保障和福利体系;构建对弱势群体社会关怀体系;建立健全城镇弱势群体的政策诉求表达机制;通过健全法律机制对弱势群体在医疗与教育方面实行保护。     

Environmental Policy, New Federalism and New Privatism: Policy Conflicts in the Coastal Zone

Public policies developed under the New Federalism of the 1970s and the new privatism of the 1980s have produced a variety of policy problems for states. This is particularly true in the area of environmental policy. This paper looks at environmental policymaking in the coastal zone giving particular attention to the conflicts between the desire to protect renewable resources and the need for economic growth in the coastal zone. These conflicts are illustrated by an examination of comprehensive land use planning in Oregon and the federal government's proposal to develop seabed mining on the Gorda Ridge.     

论罗素的中西文化观

罗素是20世纪最早认真进行中西文化比较研究的西方思想大家。他从自己的文化观出发,分析了中西文化的构成要素,并主要从价值取向、宗教信仰、性格品质和教育传统四个方面对中西文化的不同特质与孰优孰劣进行了深入的分析比较。认为中西文化应该互通有无,取长补短,并希望二者逐渐结合起来,这是中西文化最理想的前景。     

The Power of Policy Regimes: Explaining Shale Gas Policy Divergence in Bulgaria and Poland

Shale gas policies vary significantly across Europe, notably in Russia‐dependent Central Eastern Europe. Most strikingly, Bulgaria banned shale gas, whereas Poland remains firmly committed to fostering it despite its drawbacks. This article uses a policy regime approach to explain the shale gas puzzle. Drawing on a large set of interviews, the piece investigates regime strength as the causal factor that explains the adoption of specific shale gas laws (Poland) or a fracking ban (Bulgaria). It finds that the Polish shale gas policy regime was strong, based on a powerful political narrative and characterized by an institutional process ensuring the buy‐in of actors from relevant policy levels and subsystems. In Bulgaria the policy regime was weak, failed to co–opt key stakeholders, and was institutionally ill‐designed. The findings show how different degrees of policy regime strength translate into diverging policy trajectories in two countries that otherwise operate in similar environments.     

中国法律传统与现代法治精神的融合——和谐社会建设的法治路径

当下中国的法治建设过程中,与中华民族血脉相连的法律传统遭受了冷遇,人们热切关注的现代法治精神在本土的成长举步维艰.面对法治所处的困境,我们有必要转换思路,放弃对中国法律传统与现代法治精神进行单纯的"统一"抑或"同一"的整合,回避二者无益的价值争锋,强调它们在差异下的共存与融合.在尊重中华民族法律传统的基础上批判地吸收现代法治精神的精华,使中国当代法治建设既有具有普世价值的现代法治精神的指导,又有根基深厚的中国法律传统的伦理支撑,引导法治国家,走向伦理社会.     

Documenting Disparity in Minority Contracting: Legal Requirements and Recommendations for Policy Makers

The challenge of advancing policy goals and public administration is compounded when legal compliance rests on data and complex analysis. This is true of disparity studies that support local government‐sponsored minority contracting programs. How can local governments prepare to work with such programs in this complex environment? The authors analyze several court cases challenging minority contracting programs and illustrate the difficulty of administering public programs at the juncture of public policy goals, subtle changes in law, and demands for quality statistical analysis. Many public agencies, especially at the local level, are not prepared to address the data requirements demanded by these programs. To help with this challenge, the authors develop a set of guiding principles to help practitioners satisfy the legal requirements and meet the policy goals of minority contracting and similar programs. This includes a new emphasis on continuous gathering of valid, local‐level data.     

制度伦理：领导干部道德修养的新视角

领导干部道德修养的有效性在理论上和实践上都是一个难题。长期以来,我国的行政道德建设多是强调以领导干部个人为主体的道德修养,而往往忽视了制度对领导干部道德修养的普遍有效性,这是造成目前领导干部道德失范、影响领导干部道德修养成效的根本原因。如何切实有效地提高领导干部道德修养,制度伦理为我们提供了一个崭新的视角。     

Work Sharing Policy: Power Sharing and Stalemate in American Federalism

Work sharing benefits are partial unemployment benefits, andfederal policy related to them is in an administrative muddle.A lack of leadership by the federal government has stalled stateimplementation. During economic downturns when political voltageis high, policy makers look to work sharing as one way to managejob loss. Conversely, work sharing is often forgotten duringprosperous times. This article describes how federalism sometimesfacilitates state initiation of work sharing policy and at othertimes impedes it. The authors discuss work sharing through sixpolicy phases during a thirty-year era of devolving federalauthority to states for employment services and job training,and they make observations about the stalemate in federal policy.     

有效执行:新时期中国政府公共政策的理性选择

正确的政绩观的核心义涵在于维护法律的尊严,维护中央政府宏观公共政策的权威性.部分国家机关和国家公职人员对法律和国家宏观公共政策的轻视、漠视甚至蔑视,是造成公共政策执行有效性程度偏低的主因.政策执行人员的效忠国家的信念和遵从法律、维护社会正义的坚定性,对于有效执行法律和公共政策至关重要.     

New Federalism and Environmental Policy

This article examines the degree of correspondence between theconceptual underpinnings of President Reagan's New Federalismand the willingness and capacity of states to assume a largershare of environmental responsibilities. The findings indicatethat many of the states have not replaced federal aid reductionswith own-source revenues. Replacements that did occur were limitedto a single year and primarily in the area of hazardous wastemanagement grants. The implications of these findings are that"decentralization and defunding" of federal programs in theenvironmental area may have had an adverse effect on the states'ability to provide solutions to pressing environmental problemsin the first half of the 1980s.