Viewpoint: China and Space War

In January of 2007, China knocked one of its weather satellites out of orbit, and threw the international community into panic. Some figured the satellite-killer test was the harbinger of a future war in space that could cripple a technology-dependent United States military. This viewpoint examines the possibilities of a Chinese assault on American satellites.     

Viewpoint: Space System Negation in the Context of Space Policy and Law

For 21st century warfare, space is the unquestioned new high ground for military operations. The United States (U.S.) has relied on satellites for significant support to military operations and activities since Desert Storm in 1991. Indeed, the U.S. enjoys an asymmetric advantage in modern warfare utilizing our space capabilities. States with interests hostile to the U.S. believe that the significant dependence on space assets by the U.S. military could become its “Achilles heel” in future combat operations. What are the legal and policy bases for the U.S. to respond to threats to space systems that provide support to our military forces? Should the U.S. rely on space arms control initiatives to ensure security in space? This Viewpoint analyzes the international space law regime and U.S. National Space Policy framework applicable to the conduct of military space operations and activities, including the use of force in space to protect and defend our satellite networks as well as our military forces.     

Viewpoint: New Ethics for Space Commerce

The space age is likely to be dominated by space commercial activities. As these activities develop, it is important to consider business values, commercial ethics, and trade discipline. The failure to do so could result in space commercial development on the basis of greed for profit and competitive advantage for advancement, as has taken place on Earth. To better prevent this possibility, this article proposes that there is the need to develop a “New Ethics for Space Commerce” based on high standards of business morality and commercial honesty, with moorings in conscious social responsibility and due regard to ecological sustainability.     

Viewpoint: Space and Religion in Russia: Cosmonaut Worship to Orthodox Revival

This article follows the evolution of the relationship between the Russian space program and spirituality from an astrosociological perspective. It demonstrates that the Russian space program has its roots in Nikolai Fedorov's Cosmism, which envisaged the technological resurrection of the dead and space colonization, and in Marxism, which used space exploration as a means of proving atheism. Whereas the conquest of space has been perceived throughout the world in an ambivalent way, either as an act endorsed by Divinity or as a blasphemous feat, the Soviets took pride in reinventing the “Tower of Babel” in order to “make a name for themselves” and dethrone God (Genesis 11:4). Moreover, the technological miracles of spaceflight and the worship of Yuri Gagarin support the view that Soviet Communism was a state religion. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Orthodox Christianity brought its own contribution to the Russian space program. It will be also shown that, even during the Soviet period, appearances contrasted with the feelings of many of the cosmonauts.     

Viewpoint: The Evolution of Access to Space as an Idea and Technology

The focus of this paper is on the evolution of access to space from its beginnings as an idea to its implementation as a usable technology. This evolution takes place through the policy process that encompasses agenda setting, formulation, implementation and change. Agenda-setting is where the idea for access to space emerges. Formulation concerns the concepts and policies that then allow for implementation of launch vehicle technology. Implementation generates specific outcomes. These outcomes are initially characterized by rapid technological innovation followed by a steady state of development. The path of development is one of how access to space became wedded to national security. Changes occur as commerce and economics begin to play a role in access to space. The policy process evolves through the actions of the pertinent actors. An examination of the ways in which these pertinent actors interpreted, formulated and implemented the idea and technology of access to space is discussed. The interactions among actors take place on the basis of political, organizational and technical decisions that actors make in regard to access to space.     

社会主义荣辱观:历史传承与新发展

胡锦涛总书记提出的“八荣八耻”社会主义荣辱观,是当代社会主义道德信念在新时期传承中国传统文化精髓、面向时代的一次新总结和新发展。它所包含的内容,源自中华民族的优良传统,源自人民群众艰苦奋斗的伟大实践,既体现我们民族的传统美德,又反映了社会主义新时代的价值追求;它将道德信念的历史性、现实性与时代性融为一体,具有坚实的社会基础和强大的生命力。     

论科学发展观与人类理性

科学发展观是我党对社会主义现代化建设规律认识深化的结果,是党的执政理念的一次飞跃.深刻理解科学发展观,不仅要联系社会建设实践,而且要把发展放在国际大背景下,深刻认识科学发展观与人类理性发展的内在联系,深入认识和探究传统理性主义发展观的困境和出路,从而达到科学发展观与健全理性的统一,使中国现代化进程在科学发展观与现代健全理性的统一中不断推进.     

Viewpoint: The Next Great White Fleet: Extending the Benefits of the International System into Space

This article argues that what naval power was to the 17th century—knitting together separate trading systems and bridging new resources, wealth, mobility, and establishing an international system of trade that pulled various powers into the dominant power's orbit—space power can be for the 21st century. To this end, airmen must take a wider view of what strategic value the United States Air Force (USAF) can provide for the United States (U.S.) beyond support for warfighting.     

论科学发展观的方法论

科学发展观既是指导发展的世界观,又是指导发展的方法论。研究、认识科学发展观的方法论对于我们贯彻科学发展观具有重要的现实意义。科学发展观的方法论是一个完整的思想体系,包含丰富的内容,这里把它概括为“七论”,即人本论、发展论、和谐论、特色论、兼顾论、协调论和规律论。     

科学发展观:邓小平社会发展理论的时代创新

科学发展观坚持了唯物史观的基本原理,创新了马克思主义社会发展理论,进一步回答了中国特色社会主义为什么发展、如何发展、为谁发展的问题,是对邓小平的社会主义发展观的继承与发展。可以说,科学发展观就是当代中国关于“发展”的科学理论,是指导我们全面建设和谐社会和现代化建设的理论指南。     

科学发展观是坚持和发展马克思主义的丰硕成果

科学发展观的全面发展思想,进一步充实和丰富了发展的目标指向;科学发展观的协调发展思想,修正和完善了发展的原则要求;科学发展观的可持续发展思想,充实和创新了发展的价值目标;科学发展观的以人为本思想,丰富和完善了发展的核心内容。     

Viewpoint: It is Time to Create a United States Air Force Space Corps

The United States (U.S.) has deepening dependence on space systems for economic prosperity, civil government administration, priority science and exploration programs, and national security while at the same time there is dramatic growth in competitive space capabilities and demonstrated threats to space systems globally. Despite this, the U.S. has not invested sufficient resources to meet National policy direction for capabilities to insure freedom of action in space, especially space situational awareness capabilities—the cornerstone of deterrence from space attacks. A principle reason for this shortfall is the historical absence of an organization accountable for securing the space domain like those of land, sea, and air. Using the analogy of the Army Air Corps, the author recommends creation of an autonomous Space Corps realized out of existing organizations within the USAF. The AF Space Corps would manage a separate space budget and all space professionals in organizing, training, and equipping national security space capabilities including those necessary to secure the space domain for peaceful use.     

科学发展观的创新内涵

党的十六届三中全会首次系统完整地提出了科学发展观,实现了社会价值导向、思维方式的创新,反映了党对社会主义现代化建设规律认识的深化和党的执政理念的升华,是对马克思主义发展理论与实践的创新。     

科学发展观的理论价值与实践旨归

科学发展观是我们党在新世纪新阶段统领我国经济社会发展全局的重大战略思想。科学发展观的提出不但是对马克思主义发展观继承和创新的集中体现,也是对当代世界发展观的有效整合与超越,同时它还从发展的角度科学地回答了我国社会为什么发展和怎样发展的问题,是新时期我国社会主义现代化建设的根本指针。     

用科学发展观提升社会主义理想信念

科学发展观是以社会主义最为核心的理念来谋划社会发展,它从价值理性与科学理性来提升着社会主义的理想信念;科学发展观注重丰富世俗化社会中人们的精神生活需求,从而使人们坚定社会主义的理想信念。     

科学发展观及其战略思维要求

科学发展观的提出是中国社会发展现代转型的标志和契机。树立和落实科学发展观,必须从思维方式层面对发展进行总体性反思,从而规范和导引发展。战略思维契合中国现代化建设的整体特质和发展要求,成为规划当代中国发展的主导思维范式和解读科学发展观的重要视角。     

用发展、变化的观点认识农村和农村经济——建设社会主义新农村的经济学理论思考

独立性、封闭性、落后性是传统农村与农村经济的基本特征。只有逐步改变传统农村和农村经济所固有的上述特征,不断调整历史上形成的城乡经济社会分割格局,才有可能从根本上克服作为各自独立的城市系统与农村系统所必然产生的一系列矛盾,并为整个经济社会的协调发展开辟广阔的前景。城乡一体化是建设社会主义新农村的必由之路。城市化应当是推动农村发展的城市化,社会主义新农村应当是城市化进程中的新农村。     

科学发展观与构建和谐社会的内在关系思考

科学发展观与构建和谐社会是紧密联系、不可分割的理论体系。科学发展观是构建和谐社会的灵魂、核心,构建和谐社会不能背离科学发展观。构建和谐社会是落实科学发展观的载体,和谐社会的经济建设、社会建设、生态环境建设、党的建设都要体现科学发展观。     

以科学发展观指导我国西北地区城市发展

我国西北地区是西部大开发的重点区域之一,加快西北城市的发展已成为十分重要的战略问题。回顾西北地区城市发展的历史,以科学发展观为指导,分析其发展现状及存在的问题,才能制定科学、合理的发展对策,即统筹兼顾,因地制宜,以能源开发为推动力,大力发展亚欧大陆桥中心城市,加强西北城市的可持续发展能力。     

科学发展观视域中的文化建设

科学发展观是中国特色社会主义文化建设的指导思想,它消除了传统发展观中经济和文化的对立,体现了文化建设的价值功能,同时,为文化建设增添了丰富和深刻的内涵。科学发展观视域中的文化建设具有基础性、战略性、紧迫性、创新性等显著特点。我们要以科学发展观为指导,积极推进文化建设。