我国人口老龄化对经济发展的影响以及政策思考

中国已经步入老龄社会,人口结构的老龄化对我国经济的发展的作用不可低估。通过对老龄化现象和成因的分析,剖解人口老龄化对经济发展产生的具体影响,并提出解决人口老龄化的一些政策建议。     

浅析人口老龄化与老年保障事业

人口老龄化已逐渐成为凸显的社会问题之一,同时人口结构的老龄化也是世界人口发展的基本趋势,而人口的老龄化又关系到社会生产和经济发展的重大问题之一。因此,面对越来越多的老年人口的出现,我们应该及时顺应人口老龄化趋势,以充分准备的姿态着手对老年保障事业的重视。     

我国人口老龄化趋势与制度回应

随着我国经济的飞速发展,老龄化问题越来越突显。未来二三十年,我国的人口老龄化会达到或超过发达国家的水平,而我国的经济发展水平却与发达国家有很大的差距,届时,过快的老龄化人口反过来会对社会经济发展产生消极的影响,可以想象,未来中国人口老龄化问题将会比现在发达国家更突出。针对目前我国正在步入老年社会的现实,本文认为,应该把完善养老保障制度作为关注民生的一项重要内容加以落实。那么,要真正关注民生,促进社会和谐,我们就必须从根源入手,逐步分析以寻求解决问题的方法。     

山西人口老龄化问题对策初探

人口老龄化是社会经济发展、人民生活水平普遍提高和医疗卫生条件改善、科学技术进步、生育水平下降和期望寿命延长的结果，正成为一种不可避免的、世界性的趋势。如何积极应对人口老龄化问题，日益受到世界各国的普遍关注。     

商业机会可否认定为受贿罪中的财物

商业机会不能等同于财物或者财产性利益,不是我国刑法规定的受贿罪的犯罪对象,对索取商业机会的行为不能认定为受贿罪。     

商业机会获得反不正当竞争法保护的问题探析

争夺商业机会所引发的不正当竞争纠纷日趋增多,但商业机会并非反不正当竞争法所明确保护的权益类型,相关法律适用问题尚存较多争议。本文即以主体要件和行为要件为视角,对商业机会获得反不正当竞争法保护的问题展开分析,同时通过对诉讼时效现行规定的比较和检讨,明晰持续性不正当竞争行为的诉讼时效规则。     

论养老保险制度的完善

养老保险制度作为现代社会保险制度的主体和整个社会保障体系的主要支柱之一,对促进经济发展、保持社会稳定等具有极其重要的作用。中国社会保障制度建设已经取得明显进展,但由于经济转轨、人口老龄化等多种因素的制约,中国的现代社会保障制度仍存在许多问题。     

商业机会获得反不正当竞争法保护的问题探析

争夺商业机会所引发的不正当竞争纠纷日趋增多,但商业机会并非反不正当竞争法所明确保护的权益类型,相关法律适用问题尚存较多争议.本文即以主体要件和行为要件为视角,对商业机会获得反不正当竞争法保护的问题展开分析,同时通过对诉讼时效现行规定的比较和检讨,明晰持续性不正当竞争行为的诉讼时效规则.     

城市社区照顾的必然性及策略选择——以吉林省长春市为例

"老有所养"是人口老龄化过程中需要解决的首要问题.我国是在经济发展水平不高、社会养老制度尚不健全的情况下进入老龄化社会的.家庭养老、机构养老和社区照顾是我国养老的三种形式.由于我国家庭规模日益缩小、老年人需求多样化等原因,使家庭养老正面临着严峻挑战;同时,经济状况、管理方式也制约着机构养老的发展.鉴于我国人口老龄化的现状和发展趋势,笔者认为:居家养老和社区养老相结合的养老方式即社区照顾将成为城市养老的必然选择.     

积极应对人口老龄化的法治解读、价值引领与规范体系

人口老龄化的快速发展给我国社会带来了诸多治理问题,法治应当发挥更加突出的作用。积极应对人口老龄化关系到人民幸福生活、社会稳定发展、国家长治久安,要加强法治解读,将其纳入法治轨道。加强人口老龄化的法治应对,是推进全面依法治国的重要实践。积极应对人口老龄化要形成法治思维,建立法治体系,增加立法强度,体现司法温度。人口老龄化的法治应对在价值引领上要坚持“以人民为中心”,坚持人民主体地位,实现人民对美好生活的需要;在规范体系上应当着重完善养老保障与鼓励生育的立法,强化家庭养老功能、完善社会养老服务、明确国家养老责任,同时完善支持措施、减轻生育负担。     

韩国老年人福利法的变迁及对我国的启示

人口老龄化问题在发达国家早已为人所熟知,进入21世纪,一些发展中国家也开始进入老龄化行列之中,而同属东亚的韩国和我国在很多方面,有着惊人的相似之处,在人口老龄化问题上也不例外。由于两国的老龄化进程相对较快,使得两国在应对老龄化问题上面临了新的挑战。自上世纪60年代后,韩国老年人福利法制的发展与完善对我国相关法制的建立提供了可以借鉴的经验和启示。     

老年社会保障体系存在的问题与完善对策——以江苏省为例

江苏是较早进入人口老龄化的省份之一。近年来,人口老龄化已成为江苏全省面临的一大社会问题,如何解决好老年人的养老问题,对江苏省社会保障事业提出了挑战。本文分析了江苏省老年社会保障体系存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出了完善全省老年社会保障体系的对策。     

吉林省人口老龄化问题研究

目前,吉林省的老龄人口呈逐年增长的态势,因此,分析吉林省人口老龄化的现状及未来发展趋势,关注人口老龄化问题,对于吉林省经济社会的可持续发展有着重要的战略意义,本文针对人口老龄化给吉林省经济社会发展带来的一系列问题,提出了吉林省应对人口老龄化问题的可行性对策。     

The dualism of business victimization and organized crime

Conclusions Businessmen victimized by organized crime are chosen based upon their economic condition and their involvement in activities of interest to organized criminal groups. The level of victimization is determined not only by the level of involvement of organized crime, but also by the victims' perceptions of how business should be operated. The responses of businessmen surveyed for this research reflect their association of business victimization with organized crime. Those surveyed, however, seriously underestimated the level of victimization of the population as a whole.     

A Small Population Study on Friction Skin Ridges: Differences in Ridge Widths Between Latent and Inked Fingerprints

Morphological changes in the width of latent fingermark ridges occur naturally over time. This could be used to examine the aging process of latents and eventually estimate time of deposition. In a crime context, it is common practice to compare a questioned (aged) fingermark with a database of known (inked) prints. Therefore, in the absence of fresh fingermarks for aging purposes, it is of interest to reveal correlations between these two categories of fingerprints with regard to the widths of their ridges. The present study explores correlations of ridge widths between flat and rolled inked prints with latent fingermarks visualized with carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-based powders among a small population of ten donors. Results revealed consistent differences between the ridge widths of latent and inked prints as well as flat and rolled impressions. Latent fingermarks visualized with CB and TiO₂ powders showed ridges with comparable widths.     

网络个体经营者商主体资格之辩

经营者开展营业活动须经商事登记,取得商主体资格。但现实中,大量未登记的网络个体经营者却在从事营业活动,对现有强制登记主义和商主体资格认定标准提出了挑战。"证照分离"改革后,商事登记确认的是经营者的主体资格和一般经营资格,其目的在于获得公示公信效力,是商主体成立的对抗要件,而非成立要件,其实质是行政确认,而非行政许可。为适应网络交易的新趋势,我国应当完善商主体资格的认定标准,除商事登记外,还应当引入营业能力标准,将平台登记的作为商事登记的有益补充,进一步细化豁免登记的要求,承认未登记网络个体经营者的商主体资格。     

Impact of aging on fingerprint ridge density: Anthropometry and forensic implications in sex inference

The variation in the epidermal ridge's width between the sexes, during various growth stages, and among different populations has been previously assessed. However, the changes that occur with aging are barely known.The goal of this study was to analyse the degree of variation in epidermal ridge width due to aging. So that, fingerprint ridge density was estimated to establish their relationship with body and hand size changes that typically occur in adulthood.In this study, a sample of 213 adults of both sexes from a Spanish native population of different age ranges—18–30?years old (“junior” group) and 50–66?years old (“senior” group)—was used. Ridge density was assessed in three counting areas of the distal phalanx of each finger (radial, ulnar, and proximal). Height, weight, and a set of anthropometric measurements for both hands were also taken.Our results show that ridge density is higher in females than males throughout adulthood and decreases with aging in the radial and ulnar areas (as the hands widen) but not in the proximal region. Thus, a relationship between hand dimensions and ridge density was found.The data indicate that aging changes may conceal the recognized sex differences in ridge density, and so a better understanding of the topological variations in the epidermal ridge width throughout the life cycle and the factors involved would facilitate the interpretation of the differences between the sexes and different age groups.     

老龄化视角下的乡村人口红利潜力研究

目前,在我国广大乡村地区,老龄人口不断增加,年轻劳动力比重逐渐降低,在这样的背景下,"乡村人口红利潜力"开始成为国内学术研究的热点。就当前来看,我国乡村人口存有大量剩余劳动力,亟待通过农业技术进步、灌溉水平的提升将其解放出来。同时,对于乡村人口红利潜力如何产生、如何转移及其今后发展的动向,都需要我们辩证地进行分析,以期为我国宏观经济政策的出台和实施提供参考。     

DIFFUSION OF FRAUD: INTERMEDIATE ECONOMIC CRIME AND INVESTOR DYNAMICS*

Criminologists have studied the spread of fraudulent practices and techniques among perpetrators. This article attempts to contribute to the field by looking at the other side of diffusion, examining the spread of fraud among investors in a case of “intermediate fraud.” Intermediate fraud occurs when fraudulent acts are committed in or by a legitimate business. Using comprehensive archival, interview, and survey data, we analyze a business that exhibited a two‐stage pattern of intermediate fraud: It was created and operated as a legitimate business in the first stage, and then economic crimes were increasingly committed in the second stage. We use diffusion theory to guide our analysis, investigating the ways in which five factors—product attributes, buyer attributes and behavior, seller attributes and behavior, structure of the social network, and method of propagation—influence the adoption and diffusion of investments in oil and gas wells among a population of investors. The case of intermediate fraud is interesting because the factors that contributed to the success of the business in its legitimate stage are the same factors that contributed to the success of the fraud in its illegitimate stage.     

Marginality or Neglect

Abstract

While the number of females imprisoned in America is significantly smaller than that of their male counterparts, the growth rate of incarcerated women over the last two decades has outpaced that of men. This increase can largely be attributed to stringent crime control policies, particularly regarding drug-related offenses. Within the same period of time the number of aging inmates has also increased. An exploratory telephone census of all state Department of Corrections and the Federal of Bureau of Prison reveal a pattern of malign neglect toward aging female inmates. Despite the growth in the female inmate population, federal and state policies and programs neglect the unique living environment, health care and programming needs of aging female inmates. After reviewing the growth patterns and projections for female inmates, state and federal policies will be examined to determine which, if any, are arguably gender-specific.