安理会向国际刑事法院移交达尔富尔情势的法律问题

2005年3月31日,联合国安理会决定将自2002年7月1日以来达尔富尔局势问题移交国际刑事法院检察官。这是国际刑事法院自2002年7月1日成立以来,安理会提交的第一个情势,这无异开创了一个重要的先例。该决议反映了国际社会对防止和中止有罪不罚的现象的决心与行动。然而,该决议中也涉及了若干值得注意和研究的法律问题。本文集中讨论了下列问题:启动国际刑事法院诉讼程序的方式,罪行发生地国和行为人国籍国的管辖与补充性原则,普遍管辖权与补充性原则,安理会1593号决议第6段对国际刑事法院管辖权的限制,国家配合国际刑事法院进行调查和起诉的义务。通过对这些法律问题的探讨,希望能对更好地理解《罗马规约》的含义与适用起到积极的作用。     

国际刑事法院管辖权与联合国安理会职权关系论——《罗马规约》的妥协性规定评析

关于国际刑事法院管辖权与联合国安理会职权的关系,《罗马规约》作出了妥协性的规定,二者的关系既表现为平等与协作,又反映出相互间的适度制约。这种妥协性的规定反映了国际社会现实,体现了国际刑事法院司法职能与安理会政治职能的相对分离和互动,具有现实合理性。     

国家与国际刑事法院的国际合作与司法协助义务述评

国际刑事法院是否成功的关键取决于《罗马规约》的缔约国和国际社会与之真诚的国际合作与司法协助。反之 ,国家也应根据国际法的基本原则善意履行其自愿承担的义务 ,向国际刑事法院提供国际合作与司法协助。本文通过阐述《罗马规约》有关国家与国际刑事法院的国际合作与司法协助方面的实体性和程序性规定 ,说明国家在国际刑事法院调查、起诉和惩治国际社会关注的最严重的国际犯罪中的作用和义务     

The Security Council in the Face of Genocide

The genocide in Rwanda will define for our generation the failureto intervene in the face of mass human rights abuses. The UNSecurity Council (the Council) was intimately involved in thisterrible event, with the decisions it took from October 1993,when a peacekeeping mission was created for Rwanda, having adecisive effect on what happened. This article details the crucialmeetings held by the Council in secret and informal sessionsand describes how a serious assessment of the situation in Rwandawas simply missing. It shows how the peacekeepers of the Council'smission to Rwanda were abandoned during the genocide and howthe efforts of these UN personnel to ease the suffering of theRwandan people were ignored by the Great Powers.     

National Implementation of ICC Crimes: Impact on National Jurisdictions and the ICC

The national implementation of the International Criminal Court(ICC) Statute has proven to be more difficult than initiallyanticipated. Most States Parties have either not incorporatedthe ICC crimes into their domestic laws, or they have done sousing different forms of wording. This article examines theimplementing legislation of several states to demonstrate howinadequate implementation of the ICC crimes might prevent statesfrom exercising their primary jurisdiction in criminal proceedings.In turn, this might affect the admissibility of a case beforethe ICC. To this end, this article also explores whether flawedimplementation of the ICC crimes amounts to unwillingness orinability of the state to genuinely prosecute. This articleargues that implementation of the Statute is of paramount importanceto the future of the ICC.     

美国的社会保障申诉委员会制度

本文对美国的社会保障申诉委员会制度作了较为完整的介绍与评价。首先勾勒出了美国的社会保障金体系与裁决过程 ,介绍了申诉委员会的历史、法律根据、人员组成 ,讨论了申诉委员会在案件处理过程中的角色 ,及其所发挥的制度机能及其实效。最后论及申诉委员会对中国行政复议制度变革的启示。     

略论国际刑事法院的量刑制度

量刑制度是国际刑事法院研究领域的一个重要的问题,国际刑事法院的量刑制度贯彻了罪刑法定原则、无罪推定原则及正当程序原则的精神,对量刑的基本情节、特别情节等作出了一般规定,而且还进一步对监禁刑、罚金和没收财产的量刑进行了规范.同时,国际刑事法院的量刑程序和法官也对量刑公正的实现发挥着作用.国际刑事法院的量刑制度体现出当代国际社会刑罚轻缓化的趋势,要求量刑公正与平衡,并兼顾刑法保护社会和保障人权的机能.     

正确行使公安机关权力浅议

公安机关权力对确保公安机关顺利完成任务起到至关重要的作用,与人民群众切身利益息息相关。在新时期必须强化从严治警方针,加强对公安机关的监督制约机制,确保公安机关正确行使手中权力。     

The Chapter VII Powers of the United Nations Security Council

Netherlands International Law Review -     

The Language of the UN: Vagueness in Security Council Resolutions Relating to the Second Gulf War

Over the last few years the diplomatic language of UN resolutions has repeatedly been questioned for the excessive presence of vagueness. The use of vague terms could be connected to the genre of diplomatic texts, as resolutions should be applicable to every international contingency and used to mitigate tensions between different legal cultures. However, excessive vagueness could also lead to biased or even strategically-motivated interpretations of resolutions, undermining their legal impact and triggering conflicts instead of diplomatic solutions. This study aims at investigating intentional vagueness in Security Council resolutions, by focussing on the analysis of the resolutions relating to the second Gulf war. Using the qualitative Discourse-Historical approach (Wodak in Rhetorics of racism and antisemitism, Taylor & Francis Ltd., London [2000]) and quantitative analysis tools (Antconc and Sketch Engine), special attention is given to the historical/political consequences of the vagueness and indeterminacy used in that framework and to the study of vague ‘weasel words’ (Mellinkoff in The language of the law, Little, Brown & Company, Boston [1963]), modals, and adjectives contained in the corpus. The hypothesis of intentional vagueness is further reinforced through an analysis of the US legislation related to the outbreak of the war, to reveal how the US has legally interpreted UN legislation and to understand the purposes and consequences of vague language contained in it. The findings indicate that vagueness in resolutions has triggered the Iraqi conflict instead of diplomatic solutions with the overall legislative intent of using intentional vagueness as a political strategy.     

浅析新形势下我国警卫工作面临的主要安全威胁

新形势下,警卫工作面临的国际环境依然复杂,敌我斗争依然存在;国内形势总体稳定,但一些不稳定、不确定因素依然会直接或间接地威胁警卫安全。具体说来,新形势下警卫工作面临的主要安全威胁有:恐怖主义活动对警卫安全的威胁,民族分裂、宗教极端势力对警卫安全的威胁,法轮功等邪教组织对警卫安全的威胁,国内严峻的治安形势对警卫安全的威胁,由人民内部矛盾引发的群体性事件对警卫安全的威胁,以及重大自然灾害对警卫安全的威胁等。