伊维菌素聚乳酸微球的研制及其体外释药试验

以生物可降解材料聚乳酸（ＰＬＡ）为载体,用乳化溶剂挥发法制备含伊维菌素（ＩＶＭ）的聚乳酸微球,采用Ｌ１８（３７）正交设计,以微球粒径分布为主要优选指标,筛选出最佳制备条件。所得微球药物包封率高,粒径分布理想,大小适合注射给药;体外释药试验微球无明显突释现象,可缓慢地以接近恒速释药。     

100g/kg磷酸替米考星可溶性粉和100g/L替米考星溶液在鸡体内的比较药动学

采用单剂量平行随机对照试验设计,将24只健康肉用商品鸡随机分成2组,每组公母各半。分别单剂量(12mg/kg,根据体重以替米考星计)经口内服100g/kg磷酸替米考星可溶性粉和100g/L替米考星溶液(对照品)。给药后按预定时间采集血样,血浆中替米考星的质量浓度采用HPLC紫外检测器进行定量分析。对实测的血药浓度-时间数据采用Winnonlin5.2药动学分析软件计算药代动力学参数,对100g/kg磷酸替米考星可溶性粉和100g/L替米考星溶液在鸡体内的药动学参数进行比较研究。结果显示,100g/L替米考星溶液对照品单剂量内服后,平均消除半衰期(t1/2β)为17.316h,达峰时间(tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为1.083h和0.399μg/mL,平均药时曲线下面积(AUC)为1.891h·μg/mL,平均滞留时间(MRT)为8.286h;100g/kg磷酸替米考星可溶性粉单剂量内服后,t1/2β为13.207h,tmax和Cmax分别为1.333h和0.372μg/mL,AUC为1.813h·μg/mL,MRT为7.612h。结果表明,100g/kg磷酸替米考星可溶性粉和100g/L替米考星溶液口服给药在鸡胃肠道内吸收迅速,消除较慢。两者经口给药的主要药动学参数之间均无显著差异(P0.05)。     

地克珠利肠溶微囊的制备及其特性的研究

为了以肠溶材料聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ为囊材制备地克珠利肠溶微囊,以地克珠利为囊心物,丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ为囊材,采用液中干燥法制备了地克珠利肠溶微囊并研究了其粒径、载药量、包封率、体外释药等性质。结果显示,经对制备工艺优化制得的地克珠利肠溶微囊为类圆球形颗粒,平均粒径为270μm,平均载药量为26.57%,包封率为87.42%,体外释放符合肠溶制剂的标准。结果表明,该制备工艺简单,所制得的地克珠利微囊具有肠溶特性。     

响应曲面法优化硒太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺

本试验旨在研究响应曲面法优化硒太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面法考察有机相(O)和内水相(W)之比、PLGA的浓度、泊洛沙姆(F68)浓度对硒太子参多糖纳米微球包封率的影响。结果表明,硒太子参多糖纳米微球的最佳制备工艺如下:O∶W为4.83,PLGA浓度为45.07 mg/m L,F68浓度为0.39%,此时硒太子参多糖纳米微球的包封率为92.46%,平均粒径为133.3 nm,zeta电位为-28.08 m V。扫描电镜结果显示,SRPP-PLGA-NPs粒径均匀,表面光滑圆整,粒子之间界限清晰,无黏连现象,具有较好的稳定性。结论表明,采用响应面法对太子参多糖纳米微球的制备工艺的条件进行优化合理可行。     

山羊组织中硝唑尼特代谢产物的液相色谱-串联质谱检测

以替唑尼特为检测对象,建立了一种检测山羊组织中替唑尼特残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经正己烷脱脂、乙腈提取,收集提取液于60℃水浴氮气吹干,乙腈溶解,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用多反应监测模式进行分析。结果显示,对于肝样品,替唑尼特在0.25～25μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r20.99),检测限和定量限分别为0.1μg/kg和0.25μg/kg;对于肾、肌肉、脂肪样品,替唑尼特在0.1～25μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r20.99),检测限和定量限依次为0.05μg/kg,0.1μg/kg;0.025μg/kg,0.05μg/kg;0.025μg/kg,0.05μg/kg。结果表明,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,适用于山羊组织中替唑尼特残留量的检测。     

贝尼尔聚乳酸微球制备条件的研究

采用单因素设计 ,利用溶剂挥发法以微球载药量为主要的优先水平 ,结合微球粒径大小筛选制备贝尼尔聚乳酸微球的最佳条件。结果 ,贝尼尔与聚乳酸的最适质量比为 1∶2 ,聚乳酸的体积分数为 6 .6 7% ,超声波处理时间为 30s ,非溶剂系统为 10 g/L明胶缓冲液 ,二氯甲烷的挥发速度为 0 .0 5mL/min ,干燥温度为室温 (15～ 2 5℃ )。     

亚硒酸钠在雏鸡体内的组织动力学研究

采用荧光法对亚硒酸钠在正常硒水平蛋用维鸡组织内的动力学过程进行了研究。结果表明，给雏鸡以０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重口服１．０ｇ／Ｌ亚硒酸钠后，肝、肾、胰均符合一级吸收二室开放模型；肌肉符合滞后一级吸收一室开放模型。整个试验过程中，肝、肾中硒的含量明显高于胰和肌肉，给药后２４ｈ每１ｇ器官和组织中含硒量依次为肝０．８４７６μｇ、肾０．７７２６μｇ、胰０．５９７８μｇ、肌肉０．１０５０μｇ；给药后１９２ｈ由于硒从肾中消除最慢，则含量最高；肌肉对硒的吸收慢，并出现一段滞后时间（Ｌａｇｔｉｍｅ），其值为５．４８ｈ。     

替米考星的体外抑菌试验和其磷酸盐预混剂对鸡慢性呼吸道病的疗效试验

替米考星的体外抑菌试验表明 ,替米考星对鸡毒霉形体MGS6株、金黄色葡萄球菌CMCC2 6 112 、禽巴氏杆菌临床分离株有较强的体外抗菌活性 ,MIC值分别为 0 .12 5、0 .5 0 0和 0 .80 0μg/mL。体内试验结果表明 ,磷酸替米考星预混剂对鸡慢性呼吸道病有很好的疗效 ,饲料中磷酸替米考星预混剂含量为 1～ 2 g/kg时 ,能明显提高感染鸡的成活率和增加平均体重 ,显著降低气囊的病理损伤程度及抗体检出率 ,其综合疗效较同类磷酸泰乐菌素强。体内外试验结果说明 ,该药在防治鸡毒霉形体引起的鸡慢性呼吸道病方面有实际应用价值 ,值得进一步推广使用     

盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂的制备及在家兔体内药动学的研究

采用高压均质法制备盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂,测定其沉降体积比、重分散特性和粒径;将家兔分别单剂量肌肉注射盐酸沙拉沙星注射液和盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定家兔血浆中药物浓度,用DAS2.0药动学程序计算药动学参数。结果显示,制备的盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂的沉降体积比为100%,重分散特性好,平均粒径为8.61μm。盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂和盐酸沙拉沙星注射液在家兔体内的消除半衰期分别为11.89h±3.08h和5.04h±1.19h,AUC分别为15.38(h·μg)/mL±1.99(h·μg)/mL和4.90(h·μg)/mL±1.35(h·μg)/mL。结果表明,高压均质法制备盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂的工艺简单可行,盐酸沙拉沙星混悬乳剂在家兔体内吸收、消除速度缓慢,作用时间延长,具有良好的缓释性能。     

头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及相关性质的研究

为了延长头孢噻呋钠的作用时间,采用离子交联法制备头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒,研究其形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药特性。结果显示,经优化工艺所得的纳米粒形态规整,近圆形,平均粒径为179.4±39.5nm,平均包封率为84.31%±2.53%,平均载药量为6.69%±0.18%。体外释放试验表明,原料药在放入释放介质后第4小时释放率达到90%以上,而纳米粒在此时药物仅释放60%。结果表明,该纳米粒制备工艺可行,对头孢噻呋钠具有明显的缓释效果。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City