物权立法与法律理论 评《物权法草案》第一章

<正>一、引言法律的制定,在任何一个国家都会是重大的政治事件。但这丝毫不意味着,法律的制定仅仅是政治事件。萨维尼早已指出,法律由政治因素与技术因素共同构成,其中,技术因素所表现的是法律"独特的科学性的存在",它仰赖法学而得形成。就此而言,如果脱离了法学的支持,所谓法律,它表述的不过是制定者的专断意志。此时,无论立法的政治意义如何重大,皆     

物权变动规则的体系化 评《物权法草案》第二章

<正>一、引言近现代民法典以概念主义所主导的体系化为基本特质,目的在于通过特定逻辑操作,使意义精确的概念和规则能自洽地连接成有机一致的体系,这正是潘德克顿科学思想的立法表达。我国物权法草案(下称草案)中的物权变动规则同样如此,无论从"公示"和"不动产登记"、"动产交付"之间的上下位关联,还是从第二章作为物权变动的通则既具体化了第一章的第4条,又给其他各章中的特定物权变动提供了框架性指导,都强烈表达了立法者在设计物权变动规则时所为的体系化努力。     

“宅基地使用权”评释 评《物权法草案》第十三章

<正>引物权制度是民法中体现本土性的一个领域,我国物权起草工作再一次验证了这一点。"宅基地使用权"是新中国建立以来在中国土地政策基础上形成的一个"固有制度",因此,物权法起草过程中,有关宅基地使用权的内容本质上首先涉及到法律政策,其次才涉及到立法起草的技术。实际上,整个物权法起草过程中涉及土地制度都必然受到国家土地政策的限制。从这一个角度出发,立法者面临的不仅仅是理论的问题,而且更重要的是能否通过立法工作推动甚至改变现行土地政策中的某些不良之处。所以,下文有关的评释力图从土地政策的角度出发,最终回到民法的立法论上,力求对物权立法有点滴之见。     

地役权与居住权问题 评《物权法草案》第十四、十五章

<正>一、关于地役权的规定(一)关于地役权的类型的问题《物权法草案》(以下简称《草案》)只规定了当事人通过契约设立的地役权,这种地役权在学理上被称为意定地役权。在大陆法系国家,除意定地役权之外,还承认有法定地役权的存在。之所以有法定地役权,主要是考虑到在许多情况下,需役地对供役地的利用有绝对的必要(比如说汲取生活用水),出于利益衡量的考虑,法律规定需役地的所有人直接依法取得对供役地的地役权,不需要取得供役地所有人的同意。法定地役权,由于依法而存在,完全排除了     

评《物权法草案》第十七章

<正>新中国的抵押权制度肇始于1986年施行的《民法通则》,此后,因应经济发展和司法实务的要求,立法机关和准立法机关陆续颁布了一系列相关的法律法规和司法解释。目前,我国的抵押权制度已初具规模,抵押也日益成为社会经济中最主要的融资担保方式之一。在这个背景下,此次物权法的制定,是一个极好的总结司法实践,整合现行立法的机会。法典的制定,一方面要确定制度内容,另一方面要安排体例结构。以下本文分别从这两方面进行评论。     

业主的建筑物区分所有权 评《物权法草案》第六章

<正>一、引言建筑物区分所有权本质上属于一种重要的物权类型,但并非新生的物权概念,远在古代的埃及、巴比伦、希腊的法律中即已有其踪迹。近现代大陆法系、英美法系各国家和地区,如法国、德国、日本、瑞士、美国、我国台湾及香港地区等,都制定了有关区分所有权的法律。导致各国家和地区纷纷制定区分所有权法的原因,是在近现代社会里,钢筋高层建筑物激增,公寓大厦盛行。     

物权法的扯淡与认真 评《物权法草案》第四、五章

<正>耶林有《法学的扯淡与认真》传世,是"概念法学"得名的由来以及对概念法学批判浪潮的先声。笔者不谙德文,无缘直接体味耶林的妙思与卓见。不过,在对已经箭在弦上的《物权法》草案的一些内容——尤其是第四、五章——有所了解后,不禁惊异于,这么多的条文,真是何其扯淡,而对于扯淡的话题,人们又是多么认真啊!故不揣冒昧,借耶林妙文之题,聊缀此篇。     

THE RIGHT TO EQUAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PRACTICE MODELS IN CHINA

As a holistic right, the right to equal development emphasizes equity of opportunities for development in economic, social, cultural and political fields among subjects of present and future generations at different regions. Right to equal development may receive theoretical support from ideas of social solidarity, global justice, inclusive growth and traditional culture of China. China engages in the realization of the right to equal development in five models, namely cooperation among local governments, interaction between public power and private rights, sustainable development, holistic development and government intervention.     

物权保护制度的立法选择 评《物权法草案》第三章

<正>一、问题的提出中国现行民事立法是以1986年4月12日通过,1987年1月1日施行的《中华人民共和国民法通则》(以下简称《民法通则》)为核心建立起来的民事法律体系。有关物权保护制度的一般规则体现在《民法通则》第5条、第73条、第74条、第75条、第83条、第106条第2款及第3款、第117条和第134条第1款及第2款。在《民法通则》的上述各项规定中,第106条第2款、第117条以及第134条第1款可谓是物权保护制度的核心内容。它们确立了一种不同于     

占有的基本问题 评《物权法草案》第二十章

<正>一、序论《中华人民共和国物权法(草案)》(以下简称《草案》)之末编末章,为关于"占有"之规定,共7个条文,加上"附则"第266条第7项占有概念之立法定义,条文数至多7个半。所规定者,为占有的概念(第266条第7项)、占有的种类(第259条)、有关占有的推定(第260- 261条)、对无权占有人请求回复占有物时所生的损害、孳息以及费用问题(第262-264条)、占有的保护(第265条)。除此之外,理论上涉及占有的问题,尚有占有在物权法编制中的地     

AN EVALUATION OF THE CHINESE LEGAL SYSTEM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The philosophy of binary purpose in conjunction with a holistic approach reflects sustainable development.These ideas are in accordance with Chinese traditional philosophy and culture,as well as the contemporary economic and social development.It calls for the central government's support to achieve sustainable development at the initial stage.However,in the long run,this approach has drawbacks which are concealed Thus,prompt adjustment is needed.In the relationship between the systems of sustainable development and democracy,human rights,sovereign equality of states,and sustainable development are approbated by the Chinese law system.The bottleneck of sustainable development is linked to its ideological system.Integration is related to the bottleneck of binary purposes,good governance,public participation,and human rights.The government-oriented mechanism has a time element that is related to the bottleneck of utilitarianism and basic economic law.For China's sustainable development,breaking the bottleneck to improve the system and seizing the opportunity to make innovations are of great significance.     

A LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE SUGARCANE FARMERS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF A WELFARE STATE IN THE LOCAL AUTONOMY ERA

After the policy on the local autonomy is implemented, the legal protection of the sugar cane farmers has not yet been able to improve wellfare of farmers, due to some factors. First, the regulations have not taken sides to the welfare of the farmers and no synchronization exists, even there has been a disharmony in various regulations on the protection of the sugar cane farmers. Second, the farmers institutions have not been well organized, and this condition makes the bargaining position of the farmers weak when they face external powers, either the government or the capital owners. Third, land availability to plan sugar canes always decreases. The land possession of farmers is reduced among the macro-economic phenomenon. Ironically, at present 49.5% of farmers in Java and 18. 7 % farmers out of Java are not land owners. Therefore, philosophically, the legal protection of the sugar cane farmers in the future should still refer to the rechtides as stated in Pancasila （Five Basic Principles）. Sociologically, such a protection should reflect the factual condition, and give benefits for farmer welfare and juridically, synchronization and harmonization of the regulations should be quickly made.     

STUDY ON THE CHALLENGES AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES TO REHABILITATION IN CHINA

Obtaining effective rehabilitation and gaining access to full development services are fundamental for children with disabilities to fully participate in society and achieve social inclusion. A disabled child’s right to rehabilitation is specially protected by law in China and internationally. Chinese law specifically provides that the State shall ensure the enjoyment of the right of children with disabilities to rehabilitation services. This study shows that in the last five years, the rehabilitation services for children with disabilities are generally improved. But due to the incomplete protection mechanism, the right of children with disabilities to rehabilitation still could not be fully realized. This article concludes that the rehabilitation situation of children with disabilities in China presents the general feature of lacking of opportunities and structural imbalance. The Chinese government should take more responsibility to improve the rehabilitation system for children with disabilities. Specifically, the Chinese government should undertake the obligations as stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to provide rehabilitation services for all children with disabilities. To ensure the effective implementation of the right of children with different disabilities in different areas, China shall improve the rehabilitation legal system, establish an urban-rural integral rehabilitation system, enlarge financial invest and increase professional level of rehabilitation staff.